Radiology and Oncology最新文献

{"title":"Analysis of magnetic resonance contrast agent entrapment following reversible electroporation in vitro.","authors":"Marko Strucic,Damijan Miklavcic,Zala Vidic,Maria Scuderi,Igor Sersa,Matej Kranjc","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0047","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAdministering gadolinium-based contrast agent before electroporation allows the contrast agent to enter the cells and enables MRI assessment of reversibly electroporated regions. The aim of this study was evaluation of contrast agent entrapment in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and comparison of these results with those determined by standard in vitro methods for assessing cell membrane permeability, cell membrane integrity and cell survival following electroporation.MATERIALS AND METHODSCell membrane permeabilization and cell membrane integrity experiments were performed using YO-PRO-1 dye and propidium iodide, respectively. Cell survival experiments were performed by assessing metabolic activity of cells using MTS assay. The entrapment of gadolinium-based contrast agent gadobutrol inside the cells was evaluated using T1 relaxometry of cell suspensions 25 min and 24 h after electroporation and confirmed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.RESULTSContrast agent was detected 25 min and 24 h after the delivery of electric pulses in cells that were reversibly electroporated. In addition, contrast agent was present in irreversibly electroporated cells 25 min after the delivery of electric pulses but was no longer detected in irreversibly electroporated cells after 24 h. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry showed a proportional decrease in gadolinium content per cell with shortening of T1 relaxation time (R 2 = 0.88 and p = 0.0191).CONCLUSIONSOur results demonstrate that the contrast agent is entrapped in cells exposed to reversible electroporation but exits from cells exposed to irreversible electroporation within 24 h, thus confirming the hypothesis on which detection experiments in vivo were based.","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"10 1","pages":"406-415"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser speckle contrast imaging of perfusion in oncological clinical applications: a literature review.","authors":"Rok Hren,Simona Kranjc Brezar,Urban Marhl,Gregor Sersa","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0042","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDLaser speckle coherence imaging (LSCI) is an emerging imaging modality that enables noninvasive visualization and assessment of tissue perfusion and microcirculation. In this article, we evaluated LSCI in imaging perfusion in clinical oncology through a systematic review of the literature.METHODSThe inclusion criterion for the literature search in PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus electronic databases was the use of LSCI in clinical oncology, meaning that all animal, phantom, ex vivo, experimental, research and development, and purely methodological studies were excluded.RESULTSThirty-six articles met the inclusion criteria. The anatomic locations of the neoplasms in the selected articles were brain (5 articles), breasts (2 articles), endocrine glands (4 articles), skin (12 articles), and the gastrointestinal tract (13 articles).CONCLUSIONSWhile LSCI is emerging as an appealing imaging modality, it is crucial for more clinical sites to initiate clinical trials. A lack of standardized protocols and interpretation guidelines are posing the most significant challenge.","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"4 1","pages":"326-334"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anastomosing hemangioma of the ovary - a comprehensive review of this rare ovarian entity.","authors":"Sebastjan Merlo,Gregor Vivod,Barbara Gazic,Nina Kovacevic","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0050","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDAnastomosing hemangioma of the ovary is a rare vascular tumor that predominantly affects middle-aged women. Despite its benign nature, its histological appearance can mimic aggressive vascular lesions, posing diagnostic challenges. This review aims to provide an overview of this uncommon entity.METHODSThe PubMed and Scopus databases were searched for relevant articles published in English. Information on all retrieved cases was extracted and reviewed in detail.RESULTSWe found 33 cases with relevant details of anastomosing heamangioma of the ovary. Despite the small number of cases we found, our study demonstrated the importance of an accurate hystopathological evaluation.CONCLUSIONSAlthough the preliminary imaging and initial microscopic features may appear alarming, careful microscopic examination reveals benign behavior. There is a need to raise awareness of this unusual and rare entity to improve morphologic recognition and avoid misdiagnosis that could lead to unnecessary treatment or patient anxiety.","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"65 1","pages":"320-325"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Does portal vein anatomy influence intrahepatic distribution of metastases from colorectal cancer?","authors":"Anaïs Tribolet,Maxime Barat,David Fuks,Mathilde Aissaoui,Philippe Soyer,Ugo Marchese,Martin Gaillard,Alexandra Nassar,Jean Hardwigsen,Stylianos Tzedakis","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0039","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDOther than location of the primary colorectal cancer (CRC), a few factors are known to influence the intrahepatic distribution of colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM). We aimed to assess whether the anatomy of the portal vein (PV) could influence the intrahepatic distribution of CRLM.PATIENTS AND METHODSPatients with CRLM diagnosed between January 2018 and December 2022 at two tertiary centers were included and imaging was reviewed by two radiologists independently. Intra-operator concordance was assessed according to the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The influence of the diameter, angulation of the PV branches and their variations on the number and distribution of CRLM were compared using Mann-Whitney, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson's Chi-square and Spearman's correlation tests.RESULTSTwo hundred patients were included. ICC was high (> 0.90, P < 0.001). Intrahepatic CRLM distribution was right-liver, left-liver unilateral and bilateral in 66 (33%), 24 (12%) and 110 patients (55%), respectively. Median number of CRLM was 3 (1-7). Type 1, 2 and 3 portal vein variations were observed in 156 (78%), 19 (9.5%) and 25 (12%) patients, respectively. CRLM unilateral or bilateral distribution was not influenced by PV anatomical variations (P = 0.13), diameter of the right (P = 0.90) or left (P = 0.50) PV branches, angulation of the right (P = 0.20) or left (P = 0.80) PV branches and was independent from primary tumor localisation (P = 0.60). No correlations were found between CRLM number and diameter (R: 0.093, P = 0.10) or angulation of the PV branches (R: 0.012, P = 0.83).CONCLUSIONSPV anatomy does not seem to influence the distribution and number of CRLM.","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"8 1","pages":"376-385"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Emergency and prophylactic uterine artery embolization in gynecology and obstetrics - a retrospective analysis.","authors":"Polona Vihtelic,Eva Skuk,Natasa Kenda Suster,Marina Jakimovska Stefanovska,Peter Popovic","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2024-0037","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUNDThis study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of emergency and prophylactic uterine artery embolization (UAE) in our clinical practice, including technical success, clinical success, and associated complications.PATIENTS AND METHODSIn this retrospective study, we analyzed 64 women who underwent emergency (n =18) and prophylactic (n = 46) UAE. Indications for emergency UAE included postpartum hemorrhage or severe hemorrhage during pregnancy termination, while prophylactic UAE was performed prior to surgical removal of retained products of conception (RPOC), delivery with abnormal placental implantation, or pregnancy termination (cervical pregnancy or fetal anomalies accompanied by abnormal placental implantation). Technical success of UAE was defined as complete exclusion of the vascular lesion and contrast stasis on the final angiogram, while clinical success was defined as cessation of bleeding after UAE Termination without a hysterectomy.RESULTSThe overall clinical success of UAE in our study was 97% (62/64). All embolization procedures were technically and clinically successful in the prophylactic group without life-threatening hemorrhages or hysterectomies (100% success rate, 46/46). However, while 100% technical success was similarly attained in the emergency group, bleeding was successfully controlled in 89% of cases (16/18). In two patients with significant blood loss (over 2000 mL), embolization failed to achieve hemostasis, resulting in persistent bleeding and subsequent hysterectomy.CONCLUSIONSUAE is a safe and effective procedure for managing primary postpartum hemorrhage or severe hemorrhage during pregnancy termination and for decreasing the risk of severe hemorrhage during surgical removal of RPOC, delivery with abnormal placental implantation, or pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"3 1","pages":"397-405"},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142252613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Introduction of a spectrophotometric method for salivary iodine determination on microplate based on Sandell-Kolthoff reaction.","authors":"Adrijana Oblak, Jernej Imperl, Mitja Kolar, Gregor Marolt, Blaz Krhin, Katja Zaletel, Simona Gaberscek","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0035","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2024-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Iodine is an essential element for the synthesis of thyroid hormones. Therefore, a reliable marker of iodine supply is important. Iodine is predominantly excreted via kidneys, but also via salivary glands. Our aim was to introduce a new and simple method for determination of salivary iodine concentration (SLIC).</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Self-prepared chemicals and standards for Sandell-Kolthoff reaction on microplate with ammonium peroxydisulfate (AP) in the range 0-400 µg/L were used. Suitability of water-based standards (WBS) and artificial saliva-based standards (ASS) for standard curve were tested. We followed standards for method validation, defined concentration of used AP and compared our results with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>WBS gave more reliable results than ASS as an underestimation of iodine concentration was found for ASS. LoB was 6.5 µg/L, LoD 12.0 µg/L, therefore analytical range was 12-400 µg/L. Intra- and inter-assay imprecisions at iodine concentrations, namely 20, 100, 165, and 350 µg/L were 18.4, 5.1, 5.7, and 2.8%, respectively, and 20.7, 6.7, 5.1, and 4.3%, respectively. Suitable molarity of AP was 1.0 mol/L and showed no difference to 1.5 mol/L (P values for samples with concentration 40, 100, and 150 µg/L, were 0.761, 0.085, and 0.275, respectively), whereas there was a significant change using 0.5 mol/L (P<0.001). Saliva samples could be diluted up to 1:8. There was no interference of thiocyanate and caffeine up to 193.5 mg/L. Our original method was comparable to ICP-MS. Spaerman coefficient was 0.989 (95% CI: 0.984-0.993).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The new method for SLIC determination is in excellent agreement with ICP-MS and easy-to-use.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"357-365"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406899/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141752527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative SSTR-PET/CT: a potential tool for predicting everolimus response in neuroendoctine tumour patients.","authors":"Homeira Karim, Michael Winkelmann, Freba Grawe, Friederike Völter, Christoph Auernhammer, Johannes Rübenthaler, Jens Ricke, Maria Ingenerf, Christine Schmid-Tannwald","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0032","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2024-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>This study aimed to assess ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-TATE (-TOC) PET/CT quantitative parameters in monitoring and predicting everolimus response in neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients with hepatic metastases (NELM).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>This retrospective analysis included 29 patients with 62 target lesions undergoing everolimus treatment and pre-therapy, and follow-up ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-TATE (-TOC) PET/CT scans. Response evaluation utilized progression-free survival (PFS) categorized as responders (R; PFS > 6 months) and non-responders (NR; PFS ≤ 6 months). Lesion size and density, along with maximum and median standardize uptake value (SUV) in target lesions, liver, and spleen were assessed. Tumor-to-spleen (T/S) and tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratios were calculated, including the tumor-to-spleen (T/S) ratio and tumor-to-liver (T/L) ratio (using SUVmax/SUVmax, SUVmax/SUVmean, and SUVmean/SUVmean).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PET/CT scans were acquired 19 days (interquartile range [IQR] 69 days) pre-treatment and 127 days (IQR 74 days) post-starting everolimus. The overall median PFS was 264 days (95% CI: 134-394 days). R exhibited significant decreases in Tmax/Lmax and Tmean/Lmax ratios compared to NR (p = 0.01). In univariate Cox regression, Tmean/Lmax ratio was the sole prognostic parameter associated with PFS (HR 0.5, 95% CI 0.28-0.92, p = 0.03). Percentage changes in T/L and T/S ratios were significant predictors of PFS, with the highest area under curve (AUC) for the percentage change of Tmean/Lmax (AUC = 0.73). An optimal threshold of < 2.5% identified patients with longer PFS (p = 0.003). No other imaging or clinical parameters were predictive of PFS.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study highlights the potential of quantitative SSTR-PET/CT in predicting and monitoring everolimus response in NET patients. Liver metastasis-to-liver parenchyma ratios outperformed size-based criteria, and Tmean/Lmax ratio may serve as a prognostic marker for PFS, warranting larger cohort investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"348-356"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406901/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tracheostomy before and during COVID-19 pandemic.","authors":"Sara Jensterle, Janez Benedik, Robert Sifrer","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0034","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2024-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of the study was to provide insight into the influence of the COVID-19 on the frequency and characteristics of urgent and emergent tracheostomies (TS), comparing data collected both before and during the pandemic. Our two hypotheses were that <i>during COVID-19, more TS were performed in the emergent setting</i> and that <i>during COVID-19 more TS were performed under general anaesthesia</i>.</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>The research was retrospective. The study period included the two years before and after the COVID-19 outbreak in Slovenia. Forty-one patients in each period met the inclusion criteria. Their medical charts were reviewed. The anamnestic, clinical, surgical and anaesthesiological data were collected. The two groups of patients from corresponding time periods were statistically compared.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Predominantly men required the surgical resolution of acute upper airway obstruction (76% of patients). The causes for acute respiratory distress included head and neck cancer (62%), infections (20%), vocal cord paralysis (16%), and stenosis (2%). There were no statistically significant differences either in the (emergent/urgent) setting of TS or in the type of anaesthesia used. Both hypotheses were rejected. A statistically significant rise in use of the C-MAC laryngoscope during COVID-19 (from 3% to 15%) was reported.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The outbreak of COVID-19 did not have a statistically significant effect on the frequency of performing emergent and urgent tracheostomies nor on the use of general or local anaesthesia. It did, however, require a change of intubation technique. Consequently, a significant rise in the use of the C-MAC laryngoscope was noted.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"556-564"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11604258/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vertebral body collapse after spine stereotactic body radiation therapy: a single-center institutional experience.","authors":"Arsh Issany, Austin J Iovoli, Richard Wang, Rohil Shekher, Sung Jun Ma, Victor Goulenko, Fatemeh Fekrmandi, Dheerendra Prasad","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0033","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2024-0033","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Spine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for the treatment of metastatic disease is increasingly utilized owing to improved pain and local control over conventional regimens. Vertebral body collapse (VBC) is an important toxicity following spine SBRT. We investigated our institutional experience with spine SBRT as it relates to VBC and spinal instability neoplastic score (SINS).</p><p><strong>Patients and methods: </strong>Records of 83 patients with 100 spinal lesions treated with SBRT between 2007 and 2022 were reviewed. Clinical information was abstracted from the medical record. The primary endpoint was post-treatment VBC. Logistic univariate analysis was performed to identify clinical factors associated with VBC.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Median dose and number of fractions used was 24 Gy and 3 fractions, respectively. There were 10 spine segments that developed VBC (10%) after spine SBRT. Median time to VBC was 2.4 months. Of the 11 spine segments that underwent kyphoplasty prior to SBRT, none developed subsequent VBC. No factors were associated with VBC on univariate analysis.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The rate of vertebral body collapse following spine SBRT is low. Prophylactic kyphoplasty may provide protection against VBC and should be considered for patients at high risk for fracture.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":" ","pages":"425-431"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11406905/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141306735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing HER2-low breast cancer management: enhancing diagnosis and treatment strategies.","authors":"Simona Borstnar, Ivana Bozovic-Spasojevic, Ana Cvetanovic, Natalija Dedic Plavetic, Assia Konsoulova, Erika Matos, Lazar Popovic, Savelina Popovska, Snjezana Tomic, Eduard Vrdoljak","doi":"10.2478/raon-2024-0030","DOIUrl":"10.2478/raon-2024-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent evidence brought by novel anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) antibody-drug conjugates is leading to significant changes in HER2-negative breast cancer (BC) best practices. A new targetable category termed 'HER2-low' has been identified in tumors previously classified as 'HER2-negative'. Daily practice in pathology and medical oncology is expected to align to current recommendations, but patient access to novel anticancer drugs across geographies might be impeded due to local challenges.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>An expert meeting involving ten regional pathology and oncology opinion leaders experienced in BC management in four Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia) was held. Herein we summarized the current situation of HER2-low metastatic BC (mBC), local challenges, and action plans to prevent delays in patient access to testing and treatment based on expert opinion.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Gaps and differences at multiple levels were identified across the four countries. These included variability in the local HER2-low epidemiology data, certification of pathology laboratories and quality control, and reimbursement conditions of testing and anticancer drugs for HER2-negative mBC. While clinical decisions were aligned to international guidelines in use, optimal access to testing and innovative treatment was restricted due to significant delays in reimbursement or limitative reimbursement conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Preventing delays in HER2-low mBC patient access to diagnosis and novel treatments is crucial to optimize outcomes. Multidisciplinary joint efforts and pro-active discussions between clinicians and decision makers are needed to improve care of HER2-low mBC patients in CEE countries.</p>","PeriodicalId":21034,"journal":{"name":"Radiology and Oncology","volume":"58 2","pages":"258-267"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11165977/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141301485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}