Radiocarbon最新文献_第2页

Radiocarbon dating of illegal ivory confirmed by Milos Forman’s Hair 米洛斯-福曼的头发证实了非法象牙的放射性碳年代测定法

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.62

Jitka Kufnerová, Helena Heroldová, Jaroslav Kukla, Filip Křivohlavý, Ivo Světlík, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of illegal ivory confirmed by Milos Forman’s Hair","authors":"Jitka Kufnerová, Helena Heroldová, Jaroslav Kukla, Filip Křivohlavý, Ivo Světlík, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.62","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal poaching brought elephant species to the brink of extinction; therefore, international trade in ivory has become regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). However, the trade is still allowed for antique items, standing for ivory from a period before 1947 within the European Union. This could serve as a loophole for the laundering of modern ivory. In the described case of the Happy Fisherman statuette, the traded item was declared to be antique, but radiocarbon analysis proved a modern provenance, and the statuette was confiscated. The radiocarbon analysis was later confirmed by information from a Chinese newspaper found inside the statuette. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend careful consideration of each individual ivory piece offered for sale, with a thorough inspection of the items and related documentation carried out by a relevant CITES authority. Any exemption of the commercial ban should be granted only to those applicants who meet the criteria of proper evidence in the form of scientific analysis or reliable and trustworthy documentation.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SEDIMENTARY PAHS FROM KOLKATA, INDIA USING COMPOUND-CLASS-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS (CCSRA) 利用特定复合类放射性碳分析法（CCSRA）对印度加尔各答的大气和沉积帕赫斯进行来源分配

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.66

Hidetoshi Kumata, Masao Uchida, Mahua Saha, Shoichi Saitoh, Kanako Mantoku, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Tomoaki Okuda, Fumiyuki Nakajima, Shiro Hatakeyama, Yasuyuki Shibata, Hideshige Takada

{"title":"SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SEDIMENTARY PAHS FROM KOLKATA, INDIA USING COMPOUND-CLASS-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS (CCSRA)","authors":"Hidetoshi Kumata, Masao Uchida, Mahua Saha, Shoichi Saitoh, Kanako Mantoku, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Tomoaki Okuda, Fumiyuki Nakajima, Shiro Hatakeyama, Yasuyuki Shibata, Hideshige Takada","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.66","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major air pollutants that are ubiquitously produced by the combustion of organic materials, and it is extremely important to identify their pollution sources. In this study, molecular fingerprinting and compound class-specific radiocarbon dating (CCSRA) were performed on PAHs from canal sediments and air samples collected in Kolkata, India’s third largest city (population approximately 16 million), where PAHs pollution has been a serious problem. Average PAH (Σ12-parent PAHs) concentrations in air samples were 65.1 ng m–3 in summer and 70.9 ng m–3 in winter and in canal sediments were 32.7 µg g–1, which are classified as “very high-level” pollution. Molecular fingerprinting using methyl-PAH/PAH (MPAHs/PAHs) ratios and isomer pair ratios with molecular weights of 178, 202, 228, and 276 suggested that wood and coal combustion were the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment, and that atmospheric PAHs were influenced by oil combustion in addition to them. The fraction of contemporary carbon (ƒC) of sedimentary PAHs (0.056–0.100), together with the extremely low MPAHs/PAHs ratio results, lead to the conclusion that the major source of the high concentration of PAHs in the canals is from coal combustion. On the other hand, the ƒC of atmospheric PAHs (0.272–0.369) was close to the share of biomass fuels in India’s domestic fuel consumption in 2011 (about 35%). Furthermore, the observed ƒC-discrepancy between atmospheric and sedimentary PAHs in the same urban environment was interpreted to give an insight into the loading pathway of PAHs to canal sediments in Kolkata.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"118 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling chronologically ordered radiocarbon dates in R 在 R 中建立按时间顺序排列的放射性碳年代模型

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.56

Maarten Blaauw, Marco Aquino-López, J. Andrés Christen

{"title":"Modelling chronologically ordered radiocarbon dates in R","authors":"Maarten Blaauw, Marco Aquino-López, J. Andrés Christen","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.56","url":null,"abstract":"Studies with multiple radiocarbon dates often contain useful information on the relative locations of the dated levels. Such information can be used to obtain robust, integrated site chronologies, with at times more precise ages than those of the individual dates, where outliers can be identified and downweighted, and where the ages of any undated levels can also be estimated. Examples include trees with radiocarbon dates separated by exactly known amounts of yearly tree-rings, or sedimentary sites where ages further down the stratigraphy can be assumed to be older than ages further up. Here we present coffee, an R package for Bayesian models that apply chronological ordering for fossils and environmental events. Coffee runs natively within the popular and versatile R environment, with no need for importing or exporting data or code from other programs, and works with plain-text input files that are relatively easy to read and write. It thus provides a new, transparent and adaptable educational and research platform designed to make chronology building more accessible.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"90 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiocarbon dating of lipids preserved in pottery vessels: guidelines for best-practice in compound-specific 14C analyses 陶器中保存的脂质的放射性碳年代测定：特定化合物 14C 分析最佳实践指南

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.61

Emmanuelle Casanova, Timothy D J Knowles, Alex Bayliss, Richard P Evershed

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of lipids preserved in pottery vessels: guidelines for best-practice in compound-specific 14C analyses","authors":"Emmanuelle Casanova, Timothy D J Knowles, Alex Bayliss, Richard P Evershed","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.61","url":null,"abstract":"Pottery vessels played a central role in the processing, storage and transport of animal and plant products by prehistoric and historic peoples with their chemical residues surviving for thousands of years. Accurate radiocarbon dating of archaeological pottery vessels by isolating reliable sources of carbon relating to the use of pots has long been a major challenge, but is now possible using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of absorbed organic residues preserved in the ceramic fabric of the vessel wall. This method involves the radiocarbon dating of single fatty acids most commonly derived from degraded animal fats. These compounds are extracted from the ceramic matrix and isolated from potentially interfering compounds using preparative capillary gas chromatography. When coupled with lipid biomarker and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses, this method enables the palaeodietary and chronological information contained in archaeological lipids preserved in ceramic vessels to be interpreted together. From a practical perspective the methodology is challenging and for successful application must adhere to rigorous protocols. We present here guidelines which include (i) consideration of pottery selection, (ii) technical parameters for the isolation of fatty acids then their 14C dating and calibration, and (iii) case studies selected to illustrate the best use of this method.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of Dating Spread on Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Plateaus: The 1620–1540 BC Example and the Dating of the Therasia Olive Shrub Samples and Thera Volcanic Eruption 放射性碳校准曲线高原上的年代扩展问题：公元前 1620-1540 年的例子以及 Therasia 橄榄灌木样本和 Thera 火山喷发的年代测定

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.44

Sturt W Manning

{"title":"Problems of Dating Spread on Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Plateaus: The 1620–1540 BC Example and the Dating of the Therasia Olive Shrub Samples and Thera Volcanic Eruption","authors":"Sturt W Manning","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.44","url":null,"abstract":"Determining calendar ages for radiocarbon dates, or ordered sequences of radiocarbon dates, that intersect with a plateau on the radiocarbon calibration curve can be problematic since, without additional prior constraints, the calendar age ranges determined will tend to spread across the plateau, yielding wide and less than useful calendar age probability densities and age ranges. Where possible, modeling analysis should seek to identify informative priors that act to restrict the otherwise poorly controlled spread of probability across plateaus. Such additional information may be available, among other sources, from the stratigraphy, the context, or the samples themselves. The recent dating of ordered sequences of radiocarbon dates on sections of branches of the same olive (Olea europaea) shrub from Therasia (southern Aegean) associated with the Minoan eruption of the Thera (Santorini) volcano (Pearson et al. 2023), which intersect with the plateau in the radiocarbon calibration curve ca. 1620–1540 BC, offers an example of the problem. A re-analysis adding some plausible informative priors offers a substantially better defined likely dating range and different conclusions. Instead of finding an inconclusive probability range “encompassing the late 17th and entire 16th century BC” followed by arguments for “indications of increased probabilities for a mid-16th century BC date for the eruption,” a re-analysis incorporating appropriate informative priors identifies the likely date range as falling between the late 17th to early 16th centuries BC.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

RADIOCARBON VARIATIONS IN ANNUAL TREE RINGS WITH 11-YEAR SOLAR CYCLES DURING 1800–1950 1800-1950 年间树木年轮中放射性碳的变化与 11 年太阳周期的关系

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-04-30 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.37

Pavel P Povinec, Ivan Kontuľ, Ivo Svetlik

引用次数: 0

14C GIRI SAMPLES IN AMS GOLDEN VALLEY: GRAPHITE PREPARATION USING AGE-3 AND ABSORPTION-CATALYTIC SETUP 美国航天局黄金谷的 14c giri 样品：利用 age-3 和吸收催化装置制备石墨

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.46

E V Parkhomchuk, A V Petrozhitskiy, M M Ignatov, D V Kuleshov, A I Lysikov, A G Okunev, K A Babina, V V Parkhomchuk

引用次数: 0

Insights into growth, ring formation and maximum ages of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) using 14C dating and tree-ring analysis 利用 14C 测年和树环分析了解巴西坚果树（Bertholletia excelsa）的生长、年轮形成和最大树龄

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.39

Victor L Caetano Andrade, Charles R Clement, David Herrera-Ramírez, Thomas Larsen, Flavia Durgante, Nicole Boivin, Jochen Schöngart, Susan Trumbore, Patrick Roberts

{"title":"Insights into growth, ring formation and maximum ages of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) using 14C dating and tree-ring analysis","authors":"Victor L Caetano Andrade, Charles R Clement, David Herrera-Ramírez, Thomas Larsen, Flavia Durgante, Nicole Boivin, Jochen Schöngart, Susan Trumbore, Patrick Roberts","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.39","url":null,"abstract":"The Brazil Nut tree (Bertholletia excelsa, Lecythidaceae) is a species of considerable historical, economic and ecological importance in South America. Radiocarbon dating indicates some individuals can live from hundreds to more than 1000 years, which means they have the potential to reconstruct deep time growth patterns and their relationship to anthropogenic management or climate change from pre-colonial to present times. However, age estimates vary considerably amongst trees dated with different methods (i.e. tree-ring analysis, radiocarbon-dating, and repeated diameter measurements). Here we analyze living Brazil Nut trees growing in four distinct regions across the Brazilian Amazon using two dating methods: tree-ring counting and radiocarbon dating. Our results show that the congruence between the two methods varies amongst regions, and the highest congruence is found at the site of Tefé, Amazonas. This region features archaeological sites with anthropogenic Terra Preta soils, and is known for its long-term human forest management. This management likely enhanced light and nutrient availability, which possibly enabled the trees to grow at higher rates and form annual rings. Our findings highlight the need for better understanding of the growth of Brazil Nut trees for ecological research, but also the potential of dendrochronology for exploring climate change and human-forest interactions in the Amazon Basin.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparing MICADAS gas source, direct carbonate, and standard graphite 14C determinations of biogenic carbonate 比较 MICADAS 气体源、直接碳酸盐和标准石墨对生物碳酸盐的 14C 测定结果

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.45

Jordon Bright, Chris Ebert, Carola Flores, Paul G Harnik, John Warren Huntley, Michał Kowalewski, Roger W Portell, Michael Retelle, Edward A G Schuur, Darrell S Kaufman

{"title":"Comparing MICADAS gas source, direct carbonate, and standard graphite 14C determinations of biogenic carbonate","authors":"Jordon Bright, Chris Ebert, Carola Flores, Paul G Harnik, John Warren Huntley, Michał Kowalewski, Roger W Portell, Michael Retelle, Edward A G Schuur, Darrell S Kaufman","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.45","url":null,"abstract":"Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA, recently installed a MIni CArbon DAting System (MICADAS) with a gas interface system (GIS) for determining the 14C content of CO2 gas released by the acid dissolution of biogenic carbonates. We compare 48 paired graphite, GIS, and direct carbonate 14C determinations of individual mollusk shells and echinoid tests. GIS sample sizes ranged between 0.5 and 1.5 mg and span 0.1 to 45.1 ka BP (n = 42). A reduced major axis regression shows a strong relationship between GIS and graphite percent Modern Carbon (pMC) values (m = 1.011; 95% CI [0.997–1.023], R2 = 0.999) that is superior to the relationship between the direct carbonate and graphite values (m = 0.978; 95% CI [0.959-0.999], R2 = 0.997). Sixty percent of GIS pMC values are within ±0.5 pMC of their graphite counterparts, compared to 26% of direct carbonate pMC values. The precision of GIS analyses is approximately ±70 14C yrs to 6.5 ka BP and decreases to approximately ±130 14C yrs at 12.5 ka BP. This precision is on par with direct carbonate and is approximately five times larger than for graphite. Six Plio-Pleistocene mollusk and echinoid samples yield finite ages when analyzed as direct carbonate but yield non-finite ages when analyzed as graphite or as GIS. Our results show that GIS 14C dating of biogenic carbonates is preferable to direct carbonate 14C dating and is an efficient alternative to standard graphite 14C dating when the precision of graphite 14C dating is not required.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Barrow Necropolis from the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC in Western Ukraine. A Bayesian Modeling and Isotopic Study 乌克兰西部公元前三、二千年的荒冢墓地。贝叶斯建模和同位素研究

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-04-29 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.40

Przemysław Makarowicz, Tomasz Goslar, Anita Szczepanek, Maryna Yahodynska, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Aleksandra Kozak, Jan Romaniszyn, Jakub Niebieszczański, Vitalii Rud, Łukasz Pospieszny

{"title":"Barrow Necropolis from the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC in Western Ukraine. A Bayesian Modeling and Isotopic Study","authors":"Przemysław Makarowicz, Tomasz Goslar, Anita Szczepanek, Maryna Yahodynska, Vasyl Ilchyshyn, Aleksandra Kozak, Jan Romaniszyn, Jakub Niebieszczański, Vitalii Rud, Łukasz Pospieszny","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.40","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses the absolute chronology of burials from the 3rd and 2nd millennia BC discovered under the mounds of three barrows in the Kordyshiv cemetery in western Ukraine. Its aim is to create a chronological model of the burials by modeling 27 AMS 14C dates obtained from 21 individuals buried in single and collective graves. Dietary analysis of stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope values are presented. The Bayesian modeling of the 14C dates from the three Kordyshiv barrows revealed the extremely important role of these monuments as long-term objects used for ritual purposes. At the end of the 3rd millennium BC, the epi-Corded Ware Culture (epi-CWC) community erected a mound over the central burial in Barrow 2, then interred the graves of three additional deceased. After several hundred years Barrow 2 was reused by Komarów Culture (KC) communities from the Middle Bronze Age (MBA) who interred their deceased in the existing mound. The oldest monument with MBA burials was Barrow 3, in which the dead were buried in a two-stage sequence before and after the mid-2nd millennium BC. The youngest dated grave was Burial 1 in Barrow 1, comprising a collective burial that was interred between 1400 and 1200 BC. The additional analyses of carbon and nitrogen isotopes show significant differences in the diet of epi-CWC individuals buried in Barrow 2 from the individuals representing the KC.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140811485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0