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SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SEDIMENTARY PAHS FROM KOLKATA, INDIA USING COMPOUND-CLASS-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS (CCSRA) 利用特定复合类放射性碳分析法（CCSRA）对印度加尔各答的大气和沉积帕赫斯进行来源分配

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.66

Hidetoshi Kumata, Masao Uchida, Mahua Saha, Shoichi Saitoh, Kanako Mantoku, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Tomoaki Okuda, Fumiyuki Nakajima, Shiro Hatakeyama, Yasuyuki Shibata, Hideshige Takada

{"title":"SOURCE APPORTIONMENT OF ATMOSPHERIC AND SEDIMENTARY PAHS FROM KOLKATA, INDIA USING COMPOUND-CLASS-SPECIFIC RADIOCARBON ANALYSIS (CCSRA)","authors":"Hidetoshi Kumata, Masao Uchida, Mahua Saha, Shoichi Saitoh, Kanako Mantoku, Toshiyuki Kobayashi, Tomoaki Okuda, Fumiyuki Nakajima, Shiro Hatakeyama, Yasuyuki Shibata, Hideshige Takada","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.66","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.66","url":null,"abstract":"Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are major air pollutants that are ubiquitously produced by the combustion of organic materials, and it is extremely important to identify their pollution sources. In this study, molecular fingerprinting and compound class-specific radiocarbon dating (CCSRA) were performed on PAHs from canal sediments and air samples collected in Kolkata, India’s third largest city (population approximately 16 million), where PAHs pollution has been a serious problem. Average PAH (Σ12-parent PAHs) concentrations in air samples were 65.1 ng m–3 in summer and 70.9 ng m–3 in winter and in canal sediments were 32.7 µg g–1, which are classified as “very high-level” pollution. Molecular fingerprinting using methyl-PAH/PAH (MPAHs/PAHs) ratios and isomer pair ratios with molecular weights of 178, 202, 228, and 276 suggested that wood and coal combustion were the dominant sources of PAHs in the sediment, and that atmospheric PAHs were influenced by oil combustion in addition to them. The fraction of contemporary carbon (ƒC) of sedimentary PAHs (0.056–0.100), together with the extremely low MPAHs/PAHs ratio results, lead to the conclusion that the major source of the high concentration of PAHs in the canals is from coal combustion. On the other hand, the ƒC of atmospheric PAHs (0.272–0.369) was close to the share of biomass fuels in India’s domestic fuel consumption in 2011 (about 35%). Furthermore, the observed ƒC-discrepancy between atmospheric and sedimentary PAHs in the same urban environment was interpreted to give an insight into the loading pathway of PAHs to canal sediments in Kolkata.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiocarbon dating of illegal ivory confirmed by Milos Forman’s Hair 米洛斯-福曼的头发证实了非法象牙的放射性碳年代测定法

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.62

Jitka Kufnerová, Helena Heroldová, Jaroslav Kukla, Filip Křivohlavý, Ivo Světlík, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of illegal ivory confirmed by Milos Forman’s Hair","authors":"Jitka Kufnerová, Helena Heroldová, Jaroslav Kukla, Filip Křivohlavý, Ivo Světlík, Kateřina Pachnerová Brabcová","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.62","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.62","url":null,"abstract":"Illegal poaching brought elephant species to the brink of extinction; therefore, international trade in ivory has become regulated by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES). However, the trade is still allowed for antique items, standing for ivory from a period before 1947 within the European Union. This could serve as a loophole for the laundering of modern ivory. In the described case of the Happy Fisherman statuette, the traded item was declared to be antique, but radiocarbon analysis proved a modern provenance, and the statuette was confiscated. The radiocarbon analysis was later confirmed by information from a Chinese newspaper found inside the statuette. Based on the findings, we strongly recommend careful consideration of each individual ivory piece offered for sale, with a thorough inspection of the items and related documentation carried out by a relevant CITES authority. Any exemption of the commercial ban should be granted only to those applicants who meet the criteria of proper evidence in the form of scientific analysis or reliable and trustworthy documentation.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling chronologically ordered radiocarbon dates in R 在 R 中建立按时间顺序排列的放射性碳年代模型

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-09-18 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.56

Maarten Blaauw, Marco Aquino-López, J. Andrés Christen

{"title":"Modelling chronologically ordered radiocarbon dates in R","authors":"Maarten Blaauw, Marco Aquino-López, J. Andrés Christen","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.56","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.56","url":null,"abstract":"Studies with multiple radiocarbon dates often contain useful information on the relative locations of the dated levels. Such information can be used to obtain robust, integrated site chronologies, with at times more precise ages than those of the individual dates, where outliers can be identified and downweighted, and where the ages of any undated levels can also be estimated. Examples include trees with radiocarbon dates separated by exactly known amounts of yearly tree-rings, or sedimentary sites where ages further down the stratigraphy can be assumed to be older than ages further up. Here we present coffee, an R package for Bayesian models that apply chronological ordering for fossils and environmental events. Coffee runs natively within the popular and versatile R environment, with no need for importing or exporting data or code from other programs, and works with plain-text input files that are relatively easy to read and write. It thus provides a new, transparent and adaptable educational and research platform designed to make chronology building more accessible.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142262410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Radiocarbon dating of lipids preserved in pottery vessels: guidelines for best-practice in compound-specific 14C analyses 陶器中保存的脂质的放射性碳年代测定：特定化合物 14C 分析最佳实践指南

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-08-02 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.61

Emmanuelle Casanova, Timothy D J Knowles, Alex Bayliss, Richard P Evershed

{"title":"Radiocarbon dating of lipids preserved in pottery vessels: guidelines for best-practice in compound-specific 14C analyses","authors":"Emmanuelle Casanova, Timothy D J Knowles, Alex Bayliss, Richard P Evershed","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.61","url":null,"abstract":"Pottery vessels played a central role in the processing, storage and transport of animal and plant products by prehistoric and historic peoples with their chemical residues surviving for thousands of years. Accurate radiocarbon dating of archaeological pottery vessels by isolating reliable sources of carbon relating to the use of pots has long been a major challenge, but is now possible using compound-specific radiocarbon analysis of absorbed organic residues preserved in the ceramic fabric of the vessel wall. This method involves the radiocarbon dating of single fatty acids most commonly derived from degraded animal fats. These compounds are extracted from the ceramic matrix and isolated from potentially interfering compounds using preparative capillary gas chromatography. When coupled with lipid biomarker and compound-specific stable carbon isotope analyses, this method enables the palaeodietary and chronological information contained in archaeological lipids preserved in ceramic vessels to be interpreted together. From a practical perspective the methodology is challenging and for successful application must adhere to rigorous protocols. We present here guidelines which include (i) consideration of pottery selection, (ii) technical parameters for the isolation of fatty acids then their 14C dating and calibration, and (iii) case studies selected to illustrate the best use of this method.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141886751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

VARIABILITY OF RADIOCARBON RESERVOIR AGE EFFECTS IN LAKES AND RIVERS IN ANATOLIA AND LESSER CAUCASUS 安纳托利亚和小高加索地区湖泊和河流中放射性碳储层年龄效应的变异性

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.41

Michel Fontugne, Christine Hatté, N. Tisnérat-Laborde, Vincent Ollivier, C. Kuzucuoǧlu

引用次数: 0

A 1179-yr (417–1595 CE) tree-ring oxygen isotope chronology for northern Japan validated using the 774–775 CE radiocarbon spike 利用西元 774-775 年放射性碳峰值验证日本北部 1179 年（西元 417-1595 年）树环氧同位素年代学

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.55

Masaki Sano, Zhen Li, Akane Tsushima, K. Kimura, Toshio Nakamura, Motonari Ohyama, Minoru Sakamoto, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Masataka Hakozaki

{"title":"A 1179-yr (417–1595 CE) tree-ring oxygen isotope chronology for northern Japan validated using the 774–775 CE radiocarbon spike","authors":"Masaki Sano, Zhen Li, Akane Tsushima, K. Kimura, Toshio Nakamura, Motonari Ohyama, Minoru Sakamoto, Takeshi Nakatsuka, Masataka Hakozaki","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.55","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.55","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We present an annual-resolution, millennium-long tree-ring chronology for northern Japan. The chronology is based on 5309 measurements of tree-ring δ18O from 37 samples of Hiba arbor-vitae (Thujopsis dolabrata var. hondae). Although the exact geographical origin of 27 of the samples is unknown because they were extracted from excavated archaeological material, pattern matching of the tree-ring δ18O variations was robust among all 37 samples. The floating chronology constructed using all samples was cross-dated against a previously published δ18O chronology from central Japan, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.26 (t = 9.0; p < 0.01), resulting in a temporal coverage of 417–1595 CE (i.e., 1179 yrs). The global 14C spike event at 774–775 CE was clearly recorded in the annual 14C data, which provides independent support for the dating of tree rings using oxygen isotopes. Furthermore, this δ18O chronology from northern Japan was used to successfully cross-date a wood sample buried during the “Millennium Eruption” of Baitoushan, which is located on the border between China and North Korea.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140969815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of radiocarbon content in liquid fuel blends by accelerator mass spectrometry and liquid scintillation counting in the gliwice radiocarbon and mass spectrometry laboratory 在格利维采放射性碳和质谱实验室利用加速器质谱法和液体闪烁计数法测定液体燃料混合物中的放射性碳含量

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.51

Jean Baptiste Baranyika, Natalia Piotrowska, A. Michczyński

引用次数: 0

ABSORPTION AND DISTRIBUTION OF ULTRATRACE EXOGENOUS 14C UREA IN RATS 大鼠对超微量外源性 14c 尿素的吸收和分布

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.47

Li Wang, Hongtao Shen, Junsen Tang, Guofeng Zhang, Linjie Qi, Dingxiong Chen, Kaiyong Wu, Xinyi Han, Ouyang He, Yun He, Pucheng Yang, Xue Zhang, Chunbo Xia

引用次数: 0

RADIOCARBON DATING OF HIGHLY DEGRADED AND PROBLEMATIC FOSSIL WOOD: VERIFICATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PREPARATION METHODS 对高度退化和有问题的化石木材进行放射性碳测年：验证各种制备方法的有效性

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-16 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.49

Maksymilian Jędrzejowski, D. Michczyńska, Marzena Kłusek, A. Michczyński, Fatima Pawełczyk, Natalia Piotrowska, Karin Wyss Heeb, Irka Hajdas

{"title":"RADIOCARBON DATING OF HIGHLY DEGRADED AND PROBLEMATIC FOSSIL WOOD: VERIFICATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PREPARATION METHODS","authors":"Maksymilian Jędrzejowski, D. Michczyńska, Marzena Kłusek, A. Michczyński, Fatima Pawełczyk, Natalia Piotrowska, Karin Wyss Heeb, Irka Hajdas","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.49","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper compares various wood pretreatment methods for highly degraded, and problematic fossil wood extracted from the opencast Szczerców site of the Bełchatów Lignite Mine in Central Poland. The study evaluates the pretreatment methods using both large samples (55–255 g, referred to as series A) and small samples (36–150 mg, referred to as series B). Additionally, all preparation methods were applied to medium-sized samples (approximately 3 g, referred to as series C) with solvent washes in the Soxhlet apparatus. Radiocarbon dating was conducted using the LSC technique (subseries A1) and the AMS technique (subseries A2, series B, and C). The effectiveness and utility of each pretreatment protocol were compared based on 14C measurements and FTIR analysis. Through the conducted research and a multi-criteria analysis, the most effective method for preparing old fossil wood was identified. Our experience indicates that an extended, multistage preparation of highly degraded fossil wood samples, with a 14C concentration near the detection limit of the radiocarbon method, may result in a significant increase in 14C content.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140970413","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Problems of Dating Spread on Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Plateaus: The 1620–1540 BC Example and the Dating of the Therasia Olive Shrub Samples and Thera Volcanic Eruption 放射性碳校准曲线高原上的年代扩展问题：公元前 1620-1540 年的例子以及 Therasia 橄榄灌木样本和 Thera 火山喷发的年代测定

IF 8.3 3区地球科学

Radiocarbon Pub Date : 2024-05-10 DOI: 10.1017/rdc.2024.44

Sturt W Manning

{"title":"Problems of Dating Spread on Radiocarbon Calibration Curve Plateaus: The 1620–1540 BC Example and the Dating of the Therasia Olive Shrub Samples and Thera Volcanic Eruption","authors":"Sturt W Manning","doi":"10.1017/rdc.2024.44","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2024.44","url":null,"abstract":"Determining calendar ages for radiocarbon dates, or ordered sequences of radiocarbon dates, that intersect with a plateau on the radiocarbon calibration curve can be problematic since, without additional prior constraints, the calendar age ranges determined will tend to spread across the plateau, yielding wide and less than useful calendar age probability densities and age ranges. Where possible, modeling analysis should seek to identify informative priors that act to restrict the otherwise poorly controlled spread of probability across plateaus. Such additional information may be available, among other sources, from the stratigraphy, the context, or the samples themselves. The recent dating of ordered sequences of radiocarbon dates on sections of branches of the same olive (Olea europaea) shrub from Therasia (southern Aegean) associated with the Minoan eruption of the Thera (Santorini) volcano (Pearson et al. 2023), which intersect with the plateau in the radiocarbon calibration curve ca. 1620–1540 BC, offers an example of the problem. A re-analysis adding some plausible informative priors offers a substantially better defined likely dating range and different conclusions. Instead of finding an inconclusive probability range “encompassing the late 17th and entire 16th century BC” followed by arguments for “indications of increased probabilities for a mid-16th century BC date for the eruption,” a re-analysis incorporating appropriate informative priors identifies the likely date range as falling between the late 17th to early 16th centuries BC.","PeriodicalId":21020,"journal":{"name":"Radiocarbon","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":8.3,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140926213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0