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Press Freedom Under Threat in Europe: SLAPPs and Democracy 欧洲面临威胁的新闻自由:SLAPPs与民主
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.jvvq7488
Maya Oleary-Cyr
{"title":"Press Freedom Under Threat in Europe: SLAPPs and Democracy","authors":"Maya Oleary-Cyr","doi":"10.5642/urceu.jvvq7488","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.jvvq7488","url":null,"abstract":"This paper critically examines the legal systems of European countries and their relationship to press freedom, particularly the vexatious legal threats used by government officials and corporations to silence journalists. These legal threats are known as SLAPPs (strategic lawsuits against public participation) and their use has increased exponentially in the last decade. Although the issue is global, this research analyzes the issue through the lens of Greece, Italy, and Hungary. As member states, each one of these countries has an obligation to uphold the democratic standards put forth by the EU. Journalists are a vital aspect of the democratic process and are protected by both domestic and international laws. Corruption within democratic governments is on the rise, and the inability of European countries to recognize and prevent these attacks against journalists is cause for increasing concern. This paper aims to answer the question of whether current domestic and international law is being enforced in a manner that protects journalistic authority.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Path to EU Candidacy: Moldova-EU Relations After the Fall of the Soviet Union 欧盟候选资格之路:苏联解体后摩尔多瓦与欧盟的关系
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.pkec5676
Diana Braghiș
{"title":"The Path to EU Candidacy: Moldova-EU Relations After the Fall of the Soviet Union","authors":"Diana Braghiș","doi":"10.5642/urceu.pkec5676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.pkec5676","url":null,"abstract":"Following the fall of the Soviet Union, the newly independent Republic of Moldova has been undergoing a process of democratization and Europeanization. This paper investigates the close relationship between Moldova and the European Union after 1991 to demonstrate the steps the country had undertaken to become a candidate member in June 2022. We explore the history of creation of Moldova, particularly the shift from communism to liberal democracy. We then transition to trade as a facilitator of close diplomatic relations. Finally, we look into the obstacles to EU accession the country has yet to overcome: its conflict with the Transnistrian region, corruption, and the satisfaction of the Copenhagen Criteria. Even though the accession process was accelerated by the 2022 war in Ukraine, it is Moldova’s continuous efforts to bring its social, political, and economic standards closer to those of EU Member States that earned the country its candidacy.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Putting Bilateral Aid Where Their Mouths Are: Evaluating Democratic Coalition Commitment in the Russo-Ukrainian War 把双边援助放到嘴边:评估民主联盟在俄乌战争中的承诺
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.vqyw8429
Alexander Aghdaei
{"title":"Putting Bilateral Aid Where Their Mouths Are: Evaluating Democratic Coalition Commitment in the Russo-Ukrainian War","authors":"Alexander Aghdaei","doi":"10.5642/urceu.vqyw8429","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.vqyw8429","url":null,"abstract":"The European Union (EU)’s response to the 2022 outbreak of open armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine is a notable example of democratic coalition involvement— where several democracies elect to involve themselves (either directly or indirectly) in conflict as part of a multinational force. However, in terms of aid as a percentage of GDP, there are significant variations in bilateral commitments. This article accounts for the difference in coalition commitment between EU states by evaluating a set of conditions across different phases of the conflict. Pulling from notable literature using qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) to explain variances in coalition behavior, I develop a model which shows the “pathways” to high coalition commitment for states in the EU. My model uses four conditions: leftist partisanship, recent elections, upcoming elections, and high Ukrainian refugee intake. I find four notable configurations of conditions which explain the outcome.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
It’s Not About Success. It’s About the Message. Elite Messaging and Xenophobic Hate Crimes in the EU 这与成功无关。这是关于信息的。欧盟的精英信息传递和仇外仇恨犯罪
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.kuhb8788
AnneMarie Ackerman
{"title":"It’s Not About Success. It’s About the Message. Elite Messaging and Xenophobic Hate Crimes in the EU","authors":"AnneMarie Ackerman","doi":"10.5642/urceu.kuhb8788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.kuhb8788","url":null,"abstract":"Through the past decade, far-right political parties have skyrocketed in popularity and electoral success across the globe, with an especially pronounced effect seen in Europe. One critical component of far-right political movements is nationalist sentiment, often expressed via racist or xenophobic policies and rhetoric. This paper seeks to investigate how electoral success of far-right political parties and elite messaging via policy stances of these parties impacts rates of xenophobic violence in a country. Using data from the Chapel Hill Expert Survey (CHES) and hate crime statistics from the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), it is shown that electoral success of a far-right political party does not impact rates of ethnically motivated violence, but elite messaging from far-right political parties on immigration policy is associated with an increase in xenophobic hate crimes.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"51 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Getting Youth on the Streets: Accounting for Levels of Youth Mobilization Among International Climate Organizations 让青年走上街头:考虑国际气候组织中青年动员的水平
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.muau6464
Sara Anderson
{"title":"Getting Youth on the Streets: Accounting for Levels of Youth Mobilization Among International Climate Organizations","authors":"Sara Anderson","doi":"10.5642/urceu.muau6464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.muau6464","url":null,"abstract":"Youth, many of whom are not given the voice or the opportunity to collaborate with political institutions, often turn towards climate movements to make an impact on the climate. Through a series of interviews in the United Kingdom and supporting secondary research, this paper offers a formal overview of factors that contribute to youth mobilization. These factors include type of protest, community, and leadership, in addition to narrative building and media engagement with the movement. By assessing the mechanisms behind youth mobilization, movements can establish how to better attract youth.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Viktor Orbán: The EU’s Biggest Bully 维克多Orbán:欧盟最大的恶霸
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.qkvy8729
Zoë Brockenbrough
{"title":"Viktor Orbán: The EU’s Biggest Bully","authors":"Zoë Brockenbrough","doi":"10.5642/urceu.qkvy8729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.qkvy8729","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this paper is to show how Prime Minister Viktor Orbán of Hungary, as a leader of EU member state, has damaged the EU’s normative power and exposed preexisting flaws within the EU system of governance. In my paper, I delve into how Orbán has impacted EU foreign policy in recent years, becoming the EU’s “problem child” regarding several current issues. Additionally, I argue that he has helped embolden other EU countries in their illiberalism. I provide analysis for each of these cases to support my main argument that Orbán damages the EU’s normative power. In the final section of my paper, I discuss how Orbán could impact the EU’s future, especially how the EU will handle Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. I conclude by providing two courses of action that the EU can take in face of the challenge that Orbán is posing.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
List of Abbreviations 缩略语一览表
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.ssvd9818
{"title":"List of Abbreviations","authors":"","doi":"10.5642/urceu.ssvd9818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.ssvd9818","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"85 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007451","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Family and the Nation: The Centrality of Gender Politics in the Rise of European Illiberalism 家庭与国家:性别政治在欧洲非自由主义兴起中的中心地位
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.edbk1076
Julia Hall
{"title":"The Family and the Nation: The Centrality of Gender Politics in the Rise of European Illiberalism","authors":"Julia Hall","doi":"10.5642/urceu.edbk1076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.edbk1076","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes how illiberal far-right parties employ discourses of traditional family values to advocate a range of anti-feminist, anti-queer, and anti-sexual education stances that have become critical in European national politics. Illiberal politicians use the concept of \"traditional family\" to reassert heteronormative ideas of gender and sexuality that advance their majoritarian, nationalist, and anti-pluralist platforms while infringing on the rights and freedoms of gender and sexual minorities. I explore three realms where this family-centered rhetoric presents itself in policy and political movements—gender roles and reproduction, LGBTQ+ rights, and sexual education—and analyze relevant actors, movements, and policies demonstrating the central role of anti-gender discourse in amassing illiberal support. Two case studies, Italy and Poland, illustrate how anti-gender rhetoric and family-centered discourse are at the core of the party platforms of two of Europe's most illiberal governments, and are central to their expressed ideals of national identity.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Smarginatura: The Art and Politics of Elena Ferrante 《Smarginatura: Elena Ferrante的艺术与政治
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.vajm3733
Ryan Lillestrand
{"title":"Smarginatura: The Art and Politics of Elena Ferrante","authors":"Ryan Lillestrand","doi":"10.5642/urceu.vajm3733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.vajm3733","url":null,"abstract":"In the Neapolitan Quartet, a sprawling epic following the lives of two women in post-war Italy, the author, Elena Ferrante, explores the intimate relationship between politics and art, pushing at the borders we often construct between the two. At a particularly critical moment in the novels, the central character, Elena Greco, a poor girl from Naples who rises to the position of a successful novelist, is told by her more politically radical friends that she is not doing enough, that “this, objectively, is not the moment for writing novels.” But then, when is? The current political climate in Italy is in a state of immense uncertainty. While modern Italian history is littered with such windows, the rise of the Brothers of Italy party, bringing with it a far-right, nationalist political agenda the likes of which the country hasn’t faced in eighty years, is unquestionably extraordinary. Much of the existing discourse surrounding Ferrante's work focuses on her portrayals of female friendship as well as cultural and family dynamics, less on the politics of the novels, which initially appears to evolve primarily in the background. However, a closer reading reveals layers of political dimension, deeply interwoven into nearly every facet of the novels: the depoliticization and disenfranchisement of women in Italian society, the lack of recognition for art by women writers, the deemphasis on art as a politically engaged, and even politically transformative, act. In doing a close reading of the central female characters in Ferrante’s work, as well as an examination of the enigma of the author herself, this paper hopes to illuminate both the artistic and political barriers faced by women writers in Italy today as well as the ways in which Ferrante—in her writing and her actions—proposes to navigate and transcend these spaces, ultimately demonstrating the immediacy, relevance, and crucial nature of politically engaged art for today's Italy.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Future of Françafrique: Neocolonialism in Africa and the War on Terror 法国非洲的未来:非洲的新殖民主义和反恐战争
Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.5642/urceu.ejsp1393
Jovan Avila, Brennan Quinn
{"title":"The Future of Françafrique: Neocolonialism in Africa and the War on Terror","authors":"Jovan Avila, Brennan Quinn","doi":"10.5642/urceu.ejsp1393","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5642/urceu.ejsp1393","url":null,"abstract":"Françafrique refers to the complex system of political, economic, and military relationships between France and its former colonies in Africa, characterized by neocolonialism, paternalism, and corruption. This paper aims to analyze the history and future of French geopolitical activity in Africa, including its motivations, strategies, and impacts. We first establish the background of France’s complex relationship with Africa, beginning with French colonialism in the region and decolonization. Next, we look at the period of close ties France maintained with most of its former colonies in Africa throughout the late 1900s. Additionally, we discuss the effects on French and American geopolitical power in developing regions that the “Global War on Terrorism’’ has had through the examples of operations Barkhane and Freedom’s Sentinel. Lastly, this paper looks to the future and identifies several trends and challenges that have impacted France’s power in Africa, and how these trends will continue into the future.","PeriodicalId":209724,"journal":{"name":"Claremont-UC Undergraduate Research Conference on the European Union","volume":"84 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135007887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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