Lucrecia Mena-Meléndez, Xiana Bueno, Kyla M Cary, Nana Amma Asamoah, Brandon L Crawford, Ronna C Turner, Kristen N Jozkowski
{"title":"English- and Spanish-speaking U.S. adults' perceptions of the most common reasons for abortion: a study of open-ended data before and after Dobbs v. Jackson.","authors":"Lucrecia Mena-Meléndez, Xiana Bueno, Kyla M Cary, Nana Amma Asamoah, Brandon L Crawford, Ronna C Turner, Kristen N Jozkowski","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02039-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02039-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The 2022 Dobbs v. Jackson decision, which overturned Roe v. Wade, has given individual states more capacity to legislate abortion. State legislators have and continue to design and pass laws that restrict or ban abortion, often naming exceptions based on specific reasons (i.e., fetal health, woman's health, rape). Given that these reasons often do not align with those reported by abortion-seekers, it is crucial to assess whether the U.S. public accurately understands why people seek abortions. This study explored a sample of U.S. adults' perceptions of the three most common reasons why someone might get an abortion.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We analyzed open-ended data from two waves of a 2022 longitudinal survey (n = 681 participants; n = 2,043 responses per wave; n = 4,086 total responses) collected before and after the Dobbs decision in English and Spanish via Ipsos's KnowledgePanel®. We explored three main research questions: (1) What does the U.S. public perceive to be the most common reasons for someone to seek abortion? (2) Are there differences in perceived reasons before and after the Dobbs v. Jackson decision? (3) Are there differences in perceived reasons across languages?</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Findings indicated that people perceive the three most common reasons to seek abortion to be: unwanted/unplanned pregnancy reasons, violence-related reasons, and health reasons. After the Dobbs decision, there was an increase in respondents mentioning that people have abortions for health reasons and financial reasons, and a decrease in responses related to unwanted/unplanned pregnancy reasons, not ready/unprepared reasons, and partner-related reasons. Additionally, we found significant differences in perceptions between languages (i.e., English and Spanish). We also note discrepancies between perceived reasons among our sample and reasons reported by abortion patients in national studies.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This study underscores the public's misconceptions of reasons for seeking abortion and the importance of correcting such misunderstandings to ensure alignment of public sentiment and legislative and judicial policy post-Dobbs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"130"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275407/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Agustín Ciapponi, Ariel Bardach, Mabel Berrueta, Jamile Ballivian, Martin Brizuela, Julieta Caravario, Noelia Castellana, Daniel Comande, Esteban Couto, Agustina Mazzoni, Vanesa Ortega, Edward P K Parker, Juan M Sambade, Salva Florencia, Juan Pablo Smutny, Katharina Stegelmann, Xu Xiong, Andy Stergachis, Flor M Munoz, Pierre Buekens
{"title":"A global living systematic review and meta-analysis hub of emerging vaccines in pregnancy and childhood.","authors":"Agustín Ciapponi, Ariel Bardach, Mabel Berrueta, Jamile Ballivian, Martin Brizuela, Julieta Caravario, Noelia Castellana, Daniel Comande, Esteban Couto, Agustina Mazzoni, Vanesa Ortega, Edward P K Parker, Juan M Sambade, Salva Florencia, Juan Pablo Smutny, Katharina Stegelmann, Xu Xiong, Andy Stergachis, Flor M Munoz, Pierre Buekens","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02090-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02090-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic accelerated vaccine development and generated a rapidly evolving body of evidence before and after the vaccine rollout. We developed a robust online platform to efficiently synthesize this emerging information for current and future challenges. Expanding upon our interactive living systematic review-initially focused on COVID-19- we now include chikungunya and Lassa fever (with protocols presented in this issue), Mpox, and Disease X ( https://www.safeinpregnancy.org ). We aim to continuously monitor and periodically update and disseminate high-quality data on vaccine safety, efficacy, effectiveness, and immunogenicity in pregnancy and childhood. This platform computes real-time meta-analyses and features a visualization tool to present findings in a clear and accessible manner, supporting decision-making, vaccine development pipelines, and implementation strategies worldwide. It is also designed to integrate data on a hub of emerging vaccines in pregnancy and childhood and reflects a collaborative effort among multiple organizations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"129"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12275287/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144668149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sofia Berglundh, Khadija Abunnaja, Sibylle Herzig van Wees, Elin C Larsson, Helena Kilander
{"title":"Arabic speaking women's experience of postpartum contraceptive counselling in Sweden.","authors":"Sofia Berglundh, Khadija Abunnaja, Sibylle Herzig van Wees, Elin C Larsson, Helena Kilander","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02074-2","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02074-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Immigrant women living in Europe report lower use of contraceptives compared to native born women. The postpartum period is a key opportunity to provide high quality contraceptive counselling to support birth spacing, but little is known on how the counselling could be adapted to meet the needs and preferences of immigrant women. Approximately a third of all women giving birth in Sweden have an immigrant background, whereof Arabic speaking women constitutes one of the largest groups. Hence, the aim of this study was to explore Arabic speaking women's perspectives of contraceptive counselling postpartum. METHOD: Five focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 23 Arabic speaking women. The FGDs were conducted in Arabic and translated to English. Data was analysed using reflexive thematic analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four main themes were created: 1) Adapting to new circumstances influence reproductive intentions:raising children in a new setting was described as a double burden and birth spacing was seen as essential for the family's wellbeing. 2) Reproductive decision-making - the women's choice but partner's support is important: inviting the partner to the contraceptive counselling was thought to enhance both his knowledge of contraceptives and his understanding of the woman's entire life situation postpartum. 3) Conflicting information about contraceptives creates hesitancy: navigating opposing information on contraceptives from the woman's home country and midwives in Sweden was confusing and fears of negative side effects from contraceptives were deep-rooted. 4) Trust and mistrust in antenatal and postpartum contraceptive services: trust included experience of emotional support and an open-minded attitude from the midwife. Mistrust involved scarce support in handling side effects, limited decision support and a feeling of breached privacy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>To provide person-centred and equitable contraceptive counselling postpartum, health care services need to shift attention from individual barriers to how the counselling can be improved. Key elements include integrating the concept of birth spacing in the postpartum contraceptive counselling, ensuring accessible follow-up services and to provide comprehensive information in the native language to support informed choices. An open-minded engagement with patients is also central to provide contraceptive counselling that is inclusive for all women.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"128"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12256000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zohra S Lassi, Patience Castleton, Hina Najmi, Sana Hayat, Anny Dhanwani, Salima Meherali, Zahid Memon
{"title":"Engaging adolescents in SRHR and family planning: from priorities to action.","authors":"Zohra S Lassi, Patience Castleton, Hina Najmi, Sana Hayat, Anny Dhanwani, Salima Meherali, Zahid Memon","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02073-3","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02073-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents make up to 23% of Pakistan's population, yet they face significant barriers to accessing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) knowledge and services. These challenges stem from systemic and individual factors, including cultural norms and low health literacy. This project aims to directly involve adolescents and key stakeholders in the co-development of a culturally relevant SRH toolkit to improve access to accurate information. By actively engaging adolescents, the project seeks to enhance their knowledge, participation, and decision-making in SRH care, supporting their healthy development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This project will co-design an SRH toolkit for young people aged 12-19 years from semi-urban communities in Pakistan, in collaboration with adolescents and other key stakeholders using three research components. First, a Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) involving surveys and workshops will identify priority SRH topics. Second, a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach using focus groups and interviews with adolescents, with youth champions facilitating peer education sessions to help shape the toolkit content. Finally, an acceptability assessment will be conducted through workshops and surveys with stakeholders and young people to ensure the toolkit aligns with their needs and preferences.</p><p><strong>Expected outcome: </strong>The project will produce a user-friendly SRH toolkit tailored to the needs of adolescents in semi-urban Pakistan, covering key topics such as contraception, safe abortion, gender-based violence, and more. The toolkit will be developed collaboratively in English, Urdu, and Sindhi, and made accessible both online and in print. All materials will be reviewed by participants before finalization. Project findings will be disseminated through stakeholder workshops, community meetings, reports, peer-reviewed publications, conferences, media engagement, and policy briefs.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Effective SRH initiatives require purposeful youth engagement, guided by their expressed needs. By centering adolescent voices in the co-creation of a SRH toolkit, this project promotes accessibility, agency and informed decision-making - ultimately strengthening SRH knowledge in young people in Pakistan.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"127"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144619941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The lived experience of mothers who give birth after induction of labour in hospital settings in Southern Ethiopia: a phenomenological study.","authors":"Adanech Abebe, Temesgen Nane Setato, Fithamlak Solomon Bisetegn, Samson Kastro Dake, Debritu Nane","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02054-6","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02054-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Induction of labor (IOL) is a medical intervention used to initiate labor artificially and has become one of the most common procedures in modern obstetrics to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. While extensive research has focused on the methods and outcomes of labor induction, limited evidence exists regarding mothers' lived experiences following IOL, particularly in the Ethiopian context.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To explore the lived experience of mothers who give birth after induction of labor at Wolaita Sodo Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2024.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study was conducted at Wolaita Sodo Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital between September and November 2023. Twelve postpartum mothers were purposively selected for in-depth interviews using a semi-structured guide. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, translated into English, and supplemented with field notes. Data were analyzed thematically using Braun and Clarke's six-phase method, supported by Open Code Software Version 4.02. Trustworthiness was ensured through the application of Guba's criteria: credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Four main themes emerged: (1) emotional responses to IOL, (2) coping with IOL and support received, (3) challenges encountered during the induction process, and (4) perceived effects of IOL on the mother. Participants reported intense negative emotions such as pain, fear, anxiety, and distress. These feelings were exacerbated by systemic challenges, including overcrowded wards, lack of privacy, and inadequate environmental conditions in the labor ward.</p><p><strong>Conclusion and recommendation: </strong>Mothers undergoing labor induction experience both positive and negative emotions. The stressful environment of the labor ward and the induction process negatively affect their emotional well-being. To improve maternal care outcomes, it is essential to foster effective communication between healthcare providers and mothers and to address the environmental challenges within the hospital setting.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12247284/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144609245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sexual and reproductive health assessment scale in women with premature ovarian insufficiency (SRH-POI): development and psychometric properties.","authors":"Somayeh Moukhah, Behzad Ghorbani, Armin Zareiyan, Zahra Behboodi-Moghadam, Safoura Taheri, Mahnaz Shafieian, Simin Zafardoust, Azadeh Haji Parvaneh","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02061-7","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02061-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"124"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12228241/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144567764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruru Guo, Wen Pan, Wei Zhao, Mingli Zhao, Jingjing Wang
{"title":"Effectiveness of an online sexual and reproductive health educational program on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among senior primary school students: a cluster randomized controlled trial.","authors":"Ruru Guo, Wen Pan, Wei Zhao, Mingli Zhao, Jingjing Wang","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02071-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02071-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Sexual and reproductive health education is crucial for senior primary school students as they enter adolescence. Implementing such education in resource-limited settings faces challenges like untrained educators, cultural taboos, and lack of materials. An online sexual and reproductive health educational program may overcome these barriers, yet no research in China has assessed the effectiveness for senior primary school students. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of an online sexual and reproductive health education program for senior primary school students in China, focusing on their adherence to the program and comprehension of its content.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The efficacy of the program was evaluated through a cluster randomized controlled trial. Participants (mean age 11.21 ± 0.68 years) were recruited from two primary schools in Shangqiu, Henan, with eight classes randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 4) or control group (n = 4). The intervention group completed a 9-week online sexual and reproductive health education program, while the control group did not receive the program. Data on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors were collected at baseline, post-intervention, and at 16-week follow-up. The outcomes were analyzed using a generalized estimating equation model.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>At baseline, no significant differences were found between groups in sociodemographic or physical development. In the intervention group, 71.4% completed the program with an average test accuracy of 86.6%, indicating good adherence and content comprehension. Compared to the control group, the intervention group had significantly higher sexual and reproductive health knowledge (T1: β = 2.18, T2: β = 1.21, p < 0.001, p = 0.001), attitudes (T1: β = 14.73, T2: β = 6.01, p < 0.001), and behaviours (T1: β = 4.49, T2: β = 5.90, p < 0.001) scores, with improvements sustained at 16 weeks.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The online sexual and reproductive health educational program significantly improved knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours among senior primary students, providing valuable guidance for school health nurses in designing and implementing sexual and reproductive health education programs.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>ChiCTR2400083843. [ www.chictr.org.cn ]. 06/05/2024.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"123"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12224834/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144554301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zohreh Haghighatdana, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Mohammad Saad Forghani, Shahnaz Kohan
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a reproductive health promotion program for women of reproductive age with kidney transplant: protocol for a mixed methods study.","authors":"Zohreh Haghighatdana, Fatemeh Mohammadi, Mohammad Saad Forghani, Shahnaz Kohan","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02064-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02064-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Kidney transplantation is the best treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and Iran, with a rate of 30.9 transplants per million people, has the highest kidney transplant rate in the Middle East. A significant portion of the kidney transplant burden is related to the women's reproductive function and potential. Kidney transplantation significantly improves the quality of life and survival of women with ESRD; thus, they are more inclined to resume fertility health care. However, reproductive health care, as a vital aspect of post-transplant care, is often overlooked. Women receiving kidney transplants face specific challenges in reproductive and sexual health, which require systematic and practical planning to enhance this field. This study aims to design and evaluate a comprehensive reproductive health promotion program for women with kidney transplants, using a mixed-methods approach to systematically explore the needs, challenges, and impacts of this program and provide evidence-based solutions.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study uses a sequential exploratory mixed-methods approach with three phases: a qualitative study, a literature review, and the design and evaluation of a program. In the first phase, the study begins with the collection of qualitative data through purposive sampling and interviews with participants, including women with kidney transplants, healthcare providers, and policymakers related to kidney transplantation and reproductive health. It continues until data saturation is reached. We conduct a literature review in the second phase. Then, in the third phase, the literature review data are integrated with the qualitative study data, and a reproductive health promotion program is designed. Finally, a quantitative approach employing the modified Delphi method and an expert panel will be used in a two-round process to assess the program's validity and feasibility.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Providing a comprehensive program to promote reproductive health based on the experiences of kidney transplant women, healthcare provider, policymakers, and scientific evidence can help health system managers and policymakers see things in a new way that will improve the reproductive health outcomes of kidney transplant women. Such an approach will make sure that these women can get reproductive health services in a way that fits their needs and life situations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220431/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mey-Ling Sommer, Lisa Bogler, S V Subramanian, Sebastian Vollmer
{"title":"The impact of a participatory learning and action intervention on unmet need for contraception: a cluster-randomized controlled trial in rural Bihar, India.","authors":"Mey-Ling Sommer, Lisa Bogler, S V Subramanian, Sebastian Vollmer","doi":"10.1186/s12978-025-02055-5","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s12978-025-02055-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Unmet need for contraception is a persistent issue in rural India. This work evaluates the impact of Gram Varta - a participatory learning and action intervention employed in women's self-help groups in rural Bihar, India - on women's contraceptive behavior and unmet need for contraception. Trained facilitators used an active and participatory communication approach in 20 group meetings to discuss health-related topics focusing on the improvement of communities' knowledge and practice related to health, nutrition, water, sanitation and hygiene. One of the meetings focused on family planning measures, the benefits of various measures, and a discussion on the availability of various means of contraception through the government health system. The intervention was also meant to increase women's empowerment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Gram Varta was evaluated in one district of Bihar, Madhepura, with a cluster-randomized controlled trial. We used a difference-in-differences model to estimate the intention-to-treat effect of Gram Varta on women's contraceptive behaviour and unmet need for contraception using a panel dataset with 972 observations collected in 2015 and 2016.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We find a statistically marginally significant increase in contraceptive use by 5.8 percentage points (95%-CI [0.00;0.12]) and a statistically significant reduction in unmet need for limiting childbirth by 7.2 percentage points (95%-CI [-0.14;0.00]) among women in treatment villages but no effect on spacing childbirth.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is indicative evidence that participatory learning and action intervention increased contraception use among women of reproductive age in rural India, but the effect on unmet need was inconsistent.</p><p><strong>Trial registration: </strong>The randomized controlled trial was registered with and a pre-analysis plan was submitted to 3ie before intervention roll-out. In addition, it was retrospectively registered in the AEA RCT Registry with the identification number AEARCTR-0004700 on September 16, 2019.</p>","PeriodicalId":20899,"journal":{"name":"Reproductive Health","volume":"22 1","pages":"121"},"PeriodicalIF":3.6,"publicationDate":"2025-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12220481/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144541986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}