International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics最新文献

{"title":"Domains of the Jakun Language Use in Kahang, Johor: An Analysis of Fishman’s Domain","authors":"Mohamad Rozi Kasim","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v13i1.7309","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v13i1.7309","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, many youngsters of Jakun aborigines have acquired formal education at schools. Besides, the social connection of aboriginals with the outsiders consisting of various races has become closer. This includes the interracial marriage that happens in the aboriginals' community. Such factors may result in a change in the use and choice of the Jakun language in certain domains, specifically due to the influence of other languages. This study used the quantitative and qualitative method to interpret the data collected in the field, such as interview and survey. The survey involved 60 Jakun informants to collect their responses about the use of Jakun language in five selected domains. Analysis of domains was divided into five different domains; family, religion, education, friendship and occupation as proposed by Joshua Fishman. The findings revealed that the percentage of Jakun language use is still high in the domains of family, friendship and occupation. The domain of religion showed a mixed-use of the Jakun language and second language (Malay, Arabic, Chinese languages). The education domain indicated the lowest use of the Jakun language among the Jakun aborigines. Such analysis of the Jakun language could be used as an indicator to measure the language sustainability, and appropriate measures could be taken to preserve this language from extinction.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116425855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cross-cultural Competence in the Volatile, Uncertain, Complex and Ambiguous World","authors":"S. Ting","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v13i1.9207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v13i1.9207","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in communication technology and transportation have made the world increasingly seamless and borderless. Globalisation brings people from different cultural backgrounds and regions together in closer contact than ever before. The cross-cultural contact brings its expected problems in cultural differences but the Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, and Ambiguous (VUCA) environment also means that people cannot rely on stereotypes and past experiences of other cultural groups because of the speed by which changes take place. Because of this, cross-cultural competence is needed. The dimension that is better understood due to more extensive research is intercultural competence, and cultural training has been found to be useful. The other dimension, cultural intelligence, is less understood. The notion that cultural intelligence depends on individual differences means that some individuals have the intercultural sensitivity that makes for successful cross-cultural contact. Past research conducted in workplace settings suggest that there may be a limit to awareness training. Nevertheless, the investigation of the interrelationship of the intercultural competence and cultural intelligence dimensions is less understood. Furthermore, the investigation of cross-cultural competence in academic settings is rudimentary, but needs to be stepped up because of the increasing influx of international students into Malaysia.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116126130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Relationship between Teachers’ Belief Systems, Creativity and the Use of Technology-based English Teaching","authors":"Wajahat Taj Abbasi, Ainol Haryati Ibrahim, Fatimah Ali","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i2.8643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i2.8643","url":null,"abstract":"This study intends to find out teachers’ belief systems, its’ relevant factors and teachers’ creativity which may influence the use of technology for teaching of English at undergraduate level in Islamabad, Pakistan. The study highlights certain problems faced by teachers under belief system and the relevant factors in their implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for teaching of English inside classrooms. Data was collected through a questionnaire questionnaire based on Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior (DTPB) from 31 ESL teachers teaching at different colleges in the capital of Pakistan [Islamabad] to know their perceptions, opinions and ideas regarding barriers confronted by them in the implementation of technology for teaching English as Second Language (ESL). Data is analyzed with the help of SPSS 22. The findings of the study revealed internal and external barriers such as beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, subjective norms, professional development, resources, and cross culturalism faced by teachers for incorporating innovation and creativity in their teaching practices through the use of technology in Pakistan. The study concludes with recommendations and suggestions for further research.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"793 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120876889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penerapan Pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Seni Bahasa","authors":"George Romiko Bujang, Mary Fatimah Subet","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i2.7497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i2.7497","url":null,"abstract":"Pengajaran dan pembelajaran seni bahasa dalam pendidikan Bahasa Melayu tidak dapat dipisahkan. Namun, makna implisit di sebalik bahan seni bahasa agak sukar difahami dengan mendalam terutamanya dalam kalangan murid pada peringkat pendidikan rendah. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan untuk meneliti dan merungkai makna tersirat yang terkandung dalam bahan pengajaran-pembelajaran seni bahasa. Kajian berbentuk kualitatif ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dalam bahan seni bahasa. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan Semantik Inkuisitif yang diperkenalkan oleh Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Responden yang terdiri daripada 8 orang murid tahun enam dipilih untuk menyertai kajian ini. Hasil kajian mendapati penggunaan pendekatan SI dalam merungkai makna yang terkandung dalam bahan seni bahasa ini berupaya mencungkil kemahiran berfikir aras tinggi dalam kalangan murid. Pendekatan SI yang diketengahkan ini diharapkan menjadi kaedah terbaik dalam memimpin murid meneroka makna tersirat di sebalik bahan seni bahasa untuk menghasilkan impak pembelajaran yang lebih berkualiti dan bermakna selari dengan kaedah pembelajaran abad ke-21.\u0000Teaching and learning of language arts in Malay language education is inseparable. However, the implicit meaning behind the language art material is quite challenging to understand deeply, especially among primary school pupils. Therefore, this study examined and revealed the implied intentions of the language arts material. This qualitative study uses the method of text analysis of language art materials. This study applies the Inquisitive Semantics approach introduced by Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Eight respondents consisting of Year Six pupils were selected to participate in this study. The results showed the use of the approach in solving the meanings contained in the language art materials to develop students’ high-order thinking skills. This approach is expected to be the best method for pupils to explore the implied meaning of language arts materials in producing more quality and meaningful learning impact along with the 21st-century learning method.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130458582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strategi Terjemahan Leksikal Kāna [كان] dalam al-Quran: Analisis Terjemahan Klasik dalam Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan","authors":"Mohd Fahimi Zakaria, Muhammad Arsyad Abdul Majid, Abdul Azim Mohamad Isa","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7349","url":null,"abstract":"Terjemahan al-Quran merupakan salah satu bidang pengkhususan bahasa Arab yang termasuk dalam kajian bahasa gunaan atau dengan istilah lain sebagai linguistik terapan. Terjemahan al-Quran menjadi satu keperluan utama kepada orang Islam yang bukan berbangsa Arab untuk memahami al-Quran. Mereka akan mengalami kesukaran untuk memahami agama dan melaksanakan tuntutan agama dalam kehidupan seharian. Sarjana Islam pada peringkat awal melarang sebarang usaha penterjemahan al-Quran dalam apa-apa bahasa sekalipun. Hal ini adalah kerana al-Quran bukan buku biasa yang boleh diterjemahkan, sebaliknya ia sebuah kitab suci agama Islam yang diturunkan dalam bahasa Arab yang tinggi nilai bahasa, sastera dan ilmunya. Oleh itu, untuk memindahkan bahasa Arab ke dalam bahasa-bahasa lain suatu perkara yang tidak mampu dilakukan oleh manusia, malah tindakan menterjemah al-Quran ke dalam bahasa lain tanpa sebab yang kukuh dengan syarat yang ketat bakal mengundang kekeliruan dalam kalangan pembaca bahasa sasaran tentang keindahan agama Islam yang sebenar. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif yang memfokuskan analisis tekstual, ia dijalankan untuk melihat strategi terjemahan klasik bagi leksikal Kāna [كان] yang dipilih dari Surah al-Baqarah dengan memilih Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan sebagai korpus kajian. Beberapa data telah dipilih, seterusnya strategi terjemahan yang digunakan dianalisis oleh penterjemah. Kajian ini mendapati bahawa strategi terjemahan klasik mempunyai nilai-nilai tertentu khususnya buat pembaca bahasa sasaran yang mempunyai latar belakang pengajian agama di samping keperluan sebagai Muslim untuk mendalami isi kandungan al-Quran melalui terjemahan dalam bahasa Melayu.\u0000The translation of the Qur’an is one of the areas of specialisation of the Arabic language that is included in the study of applied language or, in other terms, applied linguistics. The translation of the Qur’an has become an essential requirement for non-Arab Muslims to understand the Qur’an. They will have difficulty understanding religion and implementing religious demands in daily life. Islamic scholars at an early stage forbade any attempt to translate the Qur’an into any language. The Quran is not an ordinary book that can be translated; it is a holy book of Islam revealed in Arabic, which has the great value of language, literature, and knowledge. Nevertheless, transferring Arabic into other languages ​​is not something that any human being can do. Translating the Qur’an into other languages ​​without a good reason with strict conditions will invite confusion among the target language readers about the authentic beauty of Islam. This study uses a qualitative method that focuses on textual analysis, and it is conducted to look at the classical translation strategy for the lexical Kāna [كان] selected from surah al-Baqarah by selecting Tafsir Nur al-Ihsan as the corpus of the study. Several data were selected, and the translation strategies used by the translators were further analysed. Th","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114192371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Contrastive Rhetorical Analysis of Business Undergraduates’ Sales Email Structure","authors":"Nur Baiti Ismail Shauki, Manvender Kaur Sarjit Singh, Nor Fazura Md Zulkifle","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7052","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the differences in communication styles is becoming increasingly important in business communication as more companies expand their operations to include local and international operations. The purpose of this article is to compare the structural moves employed in the Singaporean and Malaysian promotional genres from the standpoint of moves analysis and comparison. Argument arises on the similarity and dissimilarity of business discourses involving the features of genres between these two neighbouring countries. As a result, a structural linguistics analysis was conducted in order to investigate the variations in communicative purposes as well as the lexical frequency of the sales emails that were written. The comparison between Singaporean sales promotional letter and Malaysian sales emails moves is based on Bhatia's (1993) Singaporean sales promotional letter moves. According to Bhatia's sales letter framework, there are seven moves, whereas in this study, seven moves were identified in Sales Inquiry Emails and nine moves were identified in Sales Reply Emails. Furthermore, Bhatia (1993) classified the moves into two categories: those that were required and those that were optional, based on their frequency of appearance in the text. In terms of communicative patterns, the similarities and differences between the two texts and their respective contexts were discovered. The difference between Singaporean and Malaysian languages, for example, can be explained by the fact that the distribution and sequence of moves differ between the two languages.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133317621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating a Popular Belief: TV Series’ Roles in L2 Learners’ Speaking Fluency","authors":"Anis Etikasari, Tita Hardiyanti, Ani Susanti","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.7076","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most popular beliefs among English L2 learners is that watching English TV series can help them speak English language fluently. While it is seemingly genuine, as supported by many English learning websites and successful English L2 learners, further investigations on this subject matter have been minimal. Therefore, this research aims to find out the roles of TV series in improving English L2 learners’ fluency in English. In this qualitative research, in-depth interviews were conducted on two English L2 learners who claimed to have attained a certain level of fluency through intensive and independent watching of TV series. The results found that although TV series were not the primary strategy to obtain fluency in English, they had helped English L2 learners improve their fluency in speaking English in several ways. TV series also played a significant role as a plausible fluency enhancer for English L2 learners by providing learning motivation and exposure, acting as a role model of natural English, supporting linguistic features acquisition, and boosting the learner’s confidence to speak English. These aspects are not typically found while learning English in informal settings such as schools or English courses. These results add insights on how TV series could be a crucial supplementary material for L2 learning. Further research is recommended to determine the extent of TV series features in improving English L2 learners’ fluency in English.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127329442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unsur Kebudayaan Dalam Naratif Lisan di Lembangan Sungai Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan","authors":"Tuan Siti Nurul Suhadah Tuan Adnan, Mohd Firdaus Che Yaacob","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.5183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v12i1.5183","url":null,"abstract":"Pada masa lampau, naratif lisan merupakan suatu kebudayaan berbentuk sastera rakyat yang sangat dikagumi oleh masyarakat Melayu. Naratif lisan diperturunkan dari satu generasi ke satu generasi yang lain melalui penceritaan mulut oleh nenek moyang untuk menyampaikan pesanan berbentuk pengajaran kepada cucu atau kanak-kanak. Hal ini kerana naratif lisan dianggap sebagai suatu kebudayaan yang tinggi dalam adat resam dan akrab dengan kehidupan masyarakat Melayu. Kini, penyelidikan yang berfokuskan kepada naratif lisan sewajarnya dijalankan dengan giat kerana rata-rata masyarakat tidak menyedari akan kewujudan naratif lisan. Ia dianggap sebagai bahan tidak berfaedah, rekaan semata-mata, membosankan serta memperlihatkan kemunduran dalam plot cerita. Oleh itu, kajian ini dijalankan bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti dan menganalisis unsur kebudayaan yang terkandung dalam naratif lisan di Lembangan Sungai Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan. Selanjutnya, unsur kebudayaan ini dianalisis dan diaplikasikan dengan pendekatan yang terkandung dalam Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. Seterusnya, kajian ini bersifat kualitatif, iaitu berpaksikan kepada kaedah kepustakaan dan kajian teks. Hasil kajian mendapati naratif lisan di Lembangan Sungai Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan memiliki unsur kebudayaan yang mempamerkan identiti masyarakat Melayu lebih dinamik. Hal ini memberi impak kepada pembangunan sahsiah kendiri golongan kanak-kanak dan remaja untuk lebih menghargai khazanah warisan negara.\u0000In the past, folk narratives, which are a form of literary culture of the local people, were admired by the community. Folk narratives are passed down from generation to generation through oral narration to convey messages in the forms of instructions to the younger generations. This is because folk narratives are considered a cultural aspect which is highly regarded in the customs and life of the people and community. Nowadays, research focusing on folk narratives should be done vigorously due to the general public’s lack of awareness of its existence and importance. Therefore, this study was conducted to identify and analyse the cultural elements in the oral narratives at Lembangan Sungai Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan using the Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. The study employed a qualitative approach utilising library search and document analysis. The findings revealed that the oral narratives in Lembangan Sungai Pengkalan Datu, Kelantan consist of cultural elements that reflect the dynamic identity of the community. This has great impact on the individual and personal development of the children and youth in the community, and they were able to appreciate the country’s heritage and traditions.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131193651","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Continuous Professional Development of Primary School EFL Teachers in Ethiopia: Needs and Challenges","authors":"A. Mohammed, Hailu Gutema","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v11i2.7053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v11i2.7053","url":null,"abstract":"This study intended to examine the continuous professional development needs and challenges of primary school EFL teachers in Ethiopia. A mixed methods design was employed to gather data from teachers, principals and trainers in the study. Survey and interview protocols were employed to collect pertinent data to answer the study’s research questions. Fifty (50) randomly selected primary school English language teachers participated in the survey. Meanwhile, four English language teachers, four principals and three trainers were interviewed to corroborate the data collected from the survey. The quantitative data from the survey were analysed using SPSS version 21. Statistical analysis was carried out on the data, focusing on computing descriptive statistics to determine the mean values of the questionnaire items. The survey data indicated that the participating primary school EFL teachers needed in-service professional development training to improve their English language proficiency skills, particularly their speaking skills and pedagogical knowledge. Additionally, teachers faced personal and institutional challenges while participating in ongoing professional development activities. On the other hand, the qualitative data were analysed thematically and corroborated with the results of the survey. Based on the findings, this study suggests that Ethiopia’s Ministry of Education addresses the specific needs of primary school English language teachers by preparing and implementing continuous professional development activities.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132593542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Learning Place Control: Vietnamese EFL Students’ Appreciation and Trust","authors":"T. Dang, Quyen Le","doi":"10.15282/ijleal.v11i2.6597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.15282/ijleal.v11i2.6597","url":null,"abstract":"Learners in the contemporary digital world tend to move from space to space during their learning process. However, transforming such spaces to effective learning places is not simple. This study aims to investigate Vietnamese EFL students’ appreciation for various learning spaces and their willingness in turning those spaces into places for learning purposes. The factors associated with this process are also explored. Employing a short questionnaire distributed to 226 undergraduate students and several follow up individual interviews, the study shows that most students travel across some spaces in their daily learning activities, but they do not try to control those spaces. They only appreciate their teacher-created and self-created solo learning spaces and accept these spaces as their learning places. They also agree that these are the spaces where they can best control their learning. These findings present a complex picture of students’ exercise of taking control in their learning. It appears that the initiation of their learning must start with trust and convenience in a learning space. The attempt to control a learning space does not start with careful considerations as often seen in autonomous learners. This emphasises the role of trust in nurturing and shaping learners’ capacity of space control for learning purposes.","PeriodicalId":208911,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122284217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}