Research Journal of Microbiology最新文献

{"title":"Pretreatment and Designing Energy Crops: Technological Innovations and Prospects","authors":"Sarika Rana, Anurup Adak, Rameshwar Tiwari, Anamika Sharma, M. Saritha, Surender Singh, L. Nain","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.557.570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.557.570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78165331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Application of Micro-Encapsulated Probiotic Bacillus NP5 and Prebiotic Mannan Oligosaccharide (MOS) to Prevent Streptococcosis on Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus","authors":"L. A. Agung, Widanarni, M. Yuhana","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.571.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.571.581","url":null,"abstract":"Streptococcus agalactiae is one of the fish pathogen which can cause mortality up to 90% in commercial tilapia farms. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of supplementation of micro-encapsulated probiotic (Bacillus NP5), prebiotic (MOS) and combination of those materials (synbiotic) through the feed on growth performances and immune responses of tilapia infected with S. agalactiae. The probiotic cells were encapsulated by spray drying method. The experimental fish were reared for 40 days and fed with feed-supplemented with probiotic, prebiotic and synbiotic and without any supplementation to the feed (positive and negative control). On day 40, all fish except negative control were challenged by S. agalactiae via intraperitoneal route injection in amount of 0.1 mL (10 CFU mLG). This study showed that administration of 0.4% prebiotic to the feed resulted the best growth performance in the end of feeding trial and survival rate after the challenge test with S. agalactiae.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90346602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In silico Analysis of Plantaricin EF that Expressed by Plasmid-Associated Bacteriocin Production Gene of Lactobacillusplantarum IBL-2 for Anti-Candida Agent Potential","authors":"B. Nurhayati, M. S. Wibowo, Y. Widyastuti, P. P. Erawijantari, W. Widowati, Mohammad Rizki Fadhil Pratama, T. G. Kartawinata","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.582.591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.582.591","url":null,"abstract":"Lactobacillus plantarum species often harbor several plasmids. These plasmids may encoded \u0000important traits such as phages or antibiotics resistances, lactose catabolism and production of \u0000proteolytic enzyme and also bacteriocins that named plantaricin. Lactobacillus plantarum IBL-2 \u0000that isolated from strawberry of Bali plantation have the highest anti-microorganism activity \u0000among the L. plantarum isolate collection of BTCC Indonesia. Only few study carried out to \u0000examine the antifungal activity of bacteriocin from L. plantarum. This study focus on anti-Candida \u0000activity of plasmid associated with bacteriocin production from L. plantarum IBL-2. The isolates \u0000were confirmed by the 16S rRNA analysis by PCR and the phylogenetic tree was built based on \u0000references sequences and one outgroups from database. The plantaricin gene screening then \u0000performed in plasmid that was isolated from L. plantarum IBL-2 by PCR using five pairs or \u0000plantaricin gene primer. The anti-Candida potential of plantaricin observed were analyzed by \u0000in silico by docking analysis between the plantaricin and receptors of apoptosis proteins. PlnB and \u0000PlnEF were observed in the L. plantarum plasmid. Only PlnEF become the focus of study. Analysis \u0000of docking study predicted that PlnEF have interactions with apoptosis proteins regulator in \u0000eukaryotic cells. PlnEF that encoded by plasmid of L. plantarum may exert anti-Candida potential \u0000through interactions with apoptosis proteins regulator.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80022799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Studies in the Release of Sodium and Potassium Ions by Indigenous Black Soaps from some Selected Skin Pathogens","authors":"K. Oyeniran, M. Oladunmoye, H. O. Aladeselu","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.592.599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.592.599","url":null,"abstract":"The indigenous black soap possesses antimicrobial activities with varying mechanisms of action. In the present study, the comparative release of sodium and potassium ions from clinical isolates: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Trichophyton rubrum and Candida albicans by three different indigenous black soaps were investigated by flame photometry method. The black soaps were subjected to qualitative and quantitative screening for phytochemical using standard methods. Sodium ion was leaked to a value of 833 ppm for S. aureus while potassium ion to a value of 20 ppm for T. rubrum. Qualitative and quantitative screening for phytochemicals showed saponin was the highest with values between 20.50-33.31 mg gG while tannin the lowest between 1.05-2.05 mg gG across the black soap samples. This study has posited that the antimicrobial activities of the black soap may be attributed to its phytochemicals and that the soap has lytic effect on the pathogens.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84601481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nutrient Enrichment of Mannanase-Treated Cassava Peels and Corn Cob","authors":"O. Olaniyi, E. O. Bankefa, Ibitoye Oluyemisi Folasade, Taye Victor Familoni","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.533.541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.533.541","url":null,"abstract":"This study aimed at the examination of nutrient enrichment of cassava peels and corn cob through mannanase treatment. Mannanase production was conducted using Locust Bean Gum (LBG) as the sole carbon source; moisten with mineral salt solution and enzyme activity determined by dinitrosalicylic acid. Crude mannanase was concentrated by ammonium sulphate. The samples were hydrolyzed with concentrated mannanase within a sealing system. The chemical compositions of enzyme treated-samples were determined according to standard chemical methods. The mineral compositions of the enzyme-treated samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. The result obtained showed an increase in crude protein from 5.34±0.17% in non-enzyme treated corn cob to 9.61±0.98% in enzyme treated corn cob. The enzyme treated samples showed a markedly reduction in crude fiber by 13.75 and 29.70% for cassava peels and corn cob respectively. The lignin (9.49%), cellulose (68.75, 33.06 and 10.82%) and hemicellulose (55.38 and 9.64%) contents decreased in enzyme treated samples for cassava peels and corn cob. Cyanide decreased significantly in all the mannanase-treated samples. Mineral composition varied significantly with treatment type and the substrate treated. The treatment of cassava peels and corn cob with mannanase resulted in the degradation of the complex carbohydrate fractions in the samples to increase its crude protein and certain minerals contents.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83771685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"UV Mutagenesis of Aspergillus flavus for Enhanced Mannanase Synthesis and Catabolite Activation Studies","authors":"O. Olaniyi, Ibitoye Oluyemisi Folasade, Taye Victor Familoni, E. O. Bankefa","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.542.550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.542.550","url":null,"abstract":"The present investigation was conducted to generate catabolite activation mutants of Aspergillus flavus through UV mutagenesis. Mutants of A. flavus were generated by exposure of spores suspension to UV irradiation at a distance of 13 cm in dark from the centre of germicidal lamp (240 nm). Quantitatively, mannanase activity was determined using dinitrosalicylic acid method, while protein content was determined by Lowry method. Mannanase production by the mutants varied with time of exposure to UV irradiation. All the mutants except for mutant designated AFUV90 showed higher specific mannanase activity in comparison with the parent strain. The isolated mutants were screened for catabolite activation studies in the presence of different mannose and glycerol concentrations (1 and 1% w/v) as carbon sources. The supplementation of 0.1 and 1% (w/v) mannose in the fermentation media caused activation of mannanase biosynthesis in 100 and approximately 91% of the mutants, respectively. The inclusion of 0.1 and 1% (w/v) glycerol induced an improvement in approximately 82 and 55% of the mutants, respectively in terms of mannanase biosynthesis. The generation of catabolite activation mutants through UV mutagenesis might be considered as a break through in the industrial production of mannanase.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88786176","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Direct Cloning Protocol for Rapid Transformant Selection","authors":"A. Gomaa, S. Yang, Sangmi Sun, G. Chung","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.551.556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.551.556","url":null,"abstract":"This study highlights a reporter-less direct-cloning protocol based on PCR and digestion/ligation reactions. Few manipulations were done allowing the user to reduce the time required for screening the right colony of any transformed cells. The obtained result showed high efficiency compared to the other commercially-available high throughput techniques, especially Gateway.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90308710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Design for Optimization of Process Parameters for Biodecolorization of Reactive Orange 4 Azo Dye by Bacillus cereus Isolate","authors":"S. Garg, M. Tripathi, N. Lal","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.502.512","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.502.512","url":null,"abstract":"In the present study, different approaches are being compared for the decolorization of reactive orange 4 monoazo dye by Bacillus cereus isolate under varied cultural and nutritional conditions. By employing conventional one-factor-at-a-time approach, the bacterial strain exhibited decolorization activity over a wide range of pH (7.0-9.0), temperature (30-38°C), dye concentration (50-200 mg LG MSM) and inoculum size (1.0-6.0%, v/v), with peak activity (68.2% color removal) at pH 8.0, 35°C, 50 mg dye LG MSM and 4.0% (v/v) inoculum in the presence of 1.0% (w/v) glucose as carbon/energy source and 0.2% (w/v) ammonium nitrate within 72 h incubation. Under response surface methodology (RSM using Box-Behnken design) approach, the dye decolorization enhanced to 100% at optimized 40 mg reactive orange LG MSM, glucose 1.0% (w/v) and ammonium nitrate 0.2% (w/v) during 72 h of incubation. The dye decolorization time was advanced by 12 h in bioreactor trial and 100% color removal was achieved within only 60 h incubation. In future experimentation, we envisage to test the potential of our isolate for the decolorization of other variety of azo dyes, mixture of dyes as well as the real textile effluent.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75137567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimization of Lipase Production by Thermo-Alkalophilic Bacillus sp. 8C","authors":"H. Bhosale, S. Uzma, Priti Bismile","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.523.532","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.523.532","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78996800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enzyme Activity of Microorganisms Associated with Fermented Husk and Testa of Cola acuminata","authors":"D. Arotupin, T. B. Fabunmi, R.A.O. Gabriel-Aj","doi":"10.3923/JM.2015.466.475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3923/JM.2015.466.475","url":null,"abstract":"The availability of microbial enzymes in addition to its low cost, large production, environmental protection, plasticity and chemical stability, makes them widely used for industrial processes. Agricultural and forestry waste which can serve as substrate in producing biologically important secondary metabolites such as cellular proteins, organic acids, prebiotic, enzymes are economically advantageous due to its low cost and availability. The study investigated and compared the potential of same micorganisms isolated from Cola acuminata husk and testa waste to produce hydrolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes. The screened enzymes included α-amylase, β-amylase, cellulase, protease and lipases using appropriate procedures, with their activity measured in μmol minG mLG. Microorganisms were isolated using standard microbiological techniques from Cola acuminata husk and testa subjected to liquid state fermentation for 10 days. Thirteen microorgainsms were isolated in all and examined for potentials to produce the named enzymes. The bacterial isolates included; Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus laterosporus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus firmus, Micrococcus luteus and Lactobacillus fermentum. Trichoderma viridiae, Articulospora inflata, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were the fungal species isolated. The α-amylase, β-amylase and cellulase activity of the bacterial isolates ranged from 0.093±0.006-0.383±0.015 μmol minG mLG. Protease activity ranged from 1.723±0.147-3.300±0.170 μmol minG mLG while the lipase from 1.000±0.160-1.500±0.200 μmol minG mLG. The activity of the fungal isolates on the other hand ranged from 0.013±0.005-0.430±0.001, 2.416±0.313-10.137±0.083 and 1.000±0.0502.267±0.289 μmol minG mLG for the hydrolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic enzymes respectively. Protease and lipase had highest activity. Bacterial and fungal isolates from the testa showed higher enzymatic activity as compared to same isolates from the husk. Kolanut husk and testa can thus serve as an alternative substrate for microorganisms for the production of the screened enzymes.","PeriodicalId":20888,"journal":{"name":"Research Journal of Microbiology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85700618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}