Psychological Science in the Public Interest最新文献

{"title":"A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction.","authors":"Antoine Bechara, Kent C Berridge, Warren K Bickel, Jose A Morón, Sidney B Williams, Jeffrey S Stein","doi":"10.1177/1529100619860513","DOIUrl":"10.1177/1529100619860513","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Two major questions about addictive behaviors need to be explained by any worthwhile neurobiological theory. First, why do people seek drugs in the first place? Second, why do some people who use drugs seem to eventually become unable to resist drug temptation and so become \"addicted\"? We will review the theories of addiction that address negative-reinforcement views of drug use (i.e., taking opioids to alleviate distress or withdrawal), positive-reinforcement views (i.e., taking drugs for euphoria), habit views (i.e., growth of automatic drug-use routines), incentive-sensitization views (i.e., growth of excessive \"wanting\" to take drugs as a result of dopamine-related sensitization), and cognitive-dysfunction views (i.e., impaired prefrontal top-down control), including those involving competing neurobehavioral decision systems (CNDS), and the role of the insula in modulating addictive drug craving. In the special case of opioids, particular attention is paid to whether their analgesic effects overlap with their reinforcing effects and whether the perceived low risk of taking legal medicinal opioids, which are often prescribed by a health professional, could play a role in the decision to use. Specifically, we will address the issue of predisposition or vulnerability to becoming addicted to drugs (i.e., the question of why some people who experiment with drugs develop an addiction, while others do not). Finally, we review attempts to develop novel therapeutic strategies and policy ideas that could help prevent opioid and other substance abuse.</p>","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"20 1","pages":"96-127"},"PeriodicalIF":18.2,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7001788/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47442335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Commentary on Bechara et al.’s “A Neurobehavioral Approach to Addiction: Implications for the Opioid Epidemic and the Psychology of Addiction”","authors":"T. Robbins","doi":"10.1177/1529100619862034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619862034","url":null,"abstract":"The article by Bechara et al. (2019; p. 96) rightly brings to prominence the importance of neurobehavioral research in the investigation of the underlying mechanisms of drug abuse and is particularly timely in the context of the U.S opioid epidemic. They refer to a number of theories of addiction that focus on different aspects of the phenomena associated with chronic drug misuse before a detailed account of the special properties of opioids in processing pain as well as reward and a survey of the role of “willpower” and related cognitive control mechanisms in the understanding and possible treatment of drug abuse. Bechara et al.’s emphasis on theoretical mechanisms is much needed to make progress in reducing initiation, maintenance, and relapse in opioid addiction. In this spirit, I offer a few observations. To begin, the opponent-motivational-processing perspective is rejected by Bechara et al. in its simple form as an account of opioid addiction because it appears to predict that “cold turkey” should eventually cure heroin addiction, whereas in fact it is a chronic, relapsing disorder. However, there is evidence that withdrawal symptoms can readily be classically conditioned (e.g., Goldberg & Schuster, 1967; Kenny, Chen, Kitamura, Markou, & Koob, 2006), which is consistent with the retrieval of such symptoms as aversive memories that sustain addictive behavior. Thus, it seems premature to discard this theory. There is also an important instrumental (voluntary behavior) component to the opponent theory, in that it is based on the negative-reinforcement principle that heroin-seeking occurs in anticipation of the withdrawal state, which can be postponed or escaped from by taking the drug. In that sense, heroin seeking is analogous to avoidance behavior, which is well known to be highly resistant to extinction, and exhibits the normal phenomena of extinction, such as spontaneous recovery, which again would readily promote relapse. Instrumental appetitive behavior also plays an important role in drug seeking, as well as in drug use itself, which is most directly studied in animals in terms of schedules in which the drug is administered intravenously (or via other routes) consequent on instrumental responding, often in the presence of drug-related cues (discriminative stimuli and conditioned reinforcers). Such instrumental behavior has been demonstrated for virtually all drugs of abuse but has been most studied for stimulant drugs, such as cocaine and amphetamine. A modern cognitive account of such behavior (e.g., Balleine & O’Doherty, 2010) refers to “goal-directed behavior,” which is governed by specific neural circuits in the corticostriatal system; in the rat, this probably implicates the prelimbic cortex and dorsomedial striatum, equivalent to the caudate nucleus in primates. However, with training, instrumental behavior can become relatively autonomous of the goal and is then referred to as being habitual. This transition is associated with a ","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"20 1","pages":"91 - 95"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100619862034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65439747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"F. Schmid","doi":"10.1177/1529100619880179","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619880179","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":" ","pages":"iii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100619880179","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44282049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"Mieke Bal, Mieke Bal, Michelle Williams, M. Bleeker, Wiep van Bunge, J. F. V. Dijkhuizen","doi":"10.1177/1529100619856055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619856055","url":null,"abstract":"Summarizes results of a recent inventory of service forester activities in 20 Northeastern States. Each year some 500 local state foresters give one-half million hours of technical assistance and advice about the manage- ment of forest resources to nearly 50,000 woodland owners. Yearly on-the-ground help with activities ranging from timber sales to shade tree protection involves more than 2 million acres of nonindustrial private forest.","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":" ","pages":"iii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100619856055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48041107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"C. S. Green, Lydia Bradford","doi":"10.1177/1529100620962097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100620962097","url":null,"abstract":"C. Shawn Green is an Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. His research program utilizes both traditional methods (e.g., psychophysics, brain imaging) as well as certain modern forms of media (e.g., video games, virtual reality) to examine factors that influence the rate and generalization of perceptual and cognitive learning. His research has been supported by grants from the National Science Foundation, the National Institutes of Health, and the Department of Defense and has been disseminated in such journals as Nature, the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Neuron, Psychological Bulletin, Psychological Science, and Current Biology. Green’s service to psychological science includes serving as an associate editor for both the Journal of Cognitive Enhancement and Technology, Mind, and Behavior. Finally, Green has had a strong focus on sharing science more directly with the general public, including writing a cover article for the pop-science magazine Scientific American and appearing on the Netflix show Bill Nye Saves the World.","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"21 1","pages":"iii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100620962097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43138826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors.","authors":"Alberto Boschetti, L. Massaron","doi":"10.1177/1529100617706076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100617706076","url":null,"abstract":"Hamish Coates is a Tenured Professor at Tsinghua University Institute of Education, China, and Deputy Director of Tsinghua University Global Research Centre for the Assessment of College and Student Development. He was Professor of Higher Education at the University of Melbourne, Founding Director of Higher Education Research at the Australian Council for Educational Research, and Program Director at the LH Martin Institute for Tertiary Leadership and Management. He concentrates on improving the quality and productivity of higher education.","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"18 1 1","pages":"iii-iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100617706076","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"65439659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"M. Bergman, Niels Brügger, A. Kantola, Kristin Skare, J. Straubhaar","doi":"10.1177/1529100619831747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619831747","url":null,"abstract":"Jonathan Corbet got his first look at the BSD Unix source back in 1981, when an instructor at the University of Colorado let him “fix” the paging algorithm. He has been digging around inside every system he could get his hands on ever since, working on drivers for VAX, Sun, Ardent, and x86 systems. He got his first Linux system in 1993 and has never looked back. Jonathan is currently the cofounder and executive editor of Linux Weekly News (http://www.LWN.net). He lives in Boulder, Colorado with his wife and two children.","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"19 1","pages":"iv - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100619831747","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47264659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dedication to Walter Mischel","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1529100619828777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100619828777","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"19 1","pages":"iii - iii"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2018-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100619828777","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"Reginald Wilson","doi":"10.1177/1529100618815879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618815879","url":null,"abstract":"Art Graesser is a Professor in the Department of Psychology and the Institute of Intelligent Systems at the University of Memphis as well as an Honorary Research Fellow at the University of Oxford. His primary research interests are in cognitive science, discourse processing, and the learning sciences. More specific interests include knowledge representation, question asking and answering, tutoring, text comprehension, conversation, emotions, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics. He served as editor of the journals Discourse Processes (1996–2005) and Journal of Educational Psychology (2009–2014). His service in professional societies includes having been president of the Empirical Studies of Literature, Art, and Media (1989–1992), the Society for Text and Discourse (2007–2010), the International Society for Artificial Intelligence in Education (2007–2009), and the Federation of Associations in the Behavioral and Brain Sciences Foundation (2012–2013). He and his colleagues have developed and tested software in learning, language, and discourse technologies, including those that hold a conversation in natural language and interact with multimedia (such as AutoTutor) and those that analyze text on multiple levels of language and discourse (Coh-Metrix and QUAID). He has served on four Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) expert panels on problem solving, including acting as chair of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) 2015 Collaborative Problem Solving.","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"19 1","pages":"iii - iv"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100618815879","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44343627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the Authors","authors":"","doi":"10.1177/1529100618777756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100618777756","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20879,"journal":{"name":"Psychological Science in the Public Interest","volume":"19 1","pages":"ii - ii"},"PeriodicalIF":25.4,"publicationDate":"2018-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/1529100618777756","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43557871","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}