Prostate International最新文献

{"title":"Screening and validation of novel serum panel of microRNA in stratification of prostate cancer","authors":"Anveshika Manoj ,&nbsp;Mohammad K. Ahmad ,&nbsp;Gautam Prasad ,&nbsp;Durgesh Kumar ,&nbsp;Abbas A. Mahdi ,&nbsp;Manoj Kumar","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.06.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.06.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Owing to the heterogeneous nature of prostate cancer (PCa) and errors in the characterization of the disease, researchers have been trying to unveil molecular biomarkers like microRNA (miRNA) as diagnostic markers. The purpose of our study is to demonstrate the precision of a panel of miRNAs as biomarkers with diagnostic potential for risk stratification.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>The present study demonstrates the comparative expression profiles of miRNA-141,-1290,-100, and -335 in both tissue and serum, including Benign Prostate Hyperplasia (BPH) and PCa, with healthy volunteers. Firstly, we demonstrate the expression of all miRNAs in the discovery cohort, including metastasis and benign tissue, and later validate their non-invasive diagnostic potential in BPH and PCa with healthy volunteers. MiRNA was isolated from tissue and serum to be quantified by RT-PCR and analyzed for biomarker potential by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis, followed by targetome analysis of each miRNA.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Among the non-invasive miRNA assessed, it was seen that miRNA 141 (<em>P</em> = 0.0003) and miRNA 1290 (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.0001) are oncogenic with significantly higher expression, while miRNA 100 (<em>P</em> = 0.0002) and miRNA 335 are tumor suppressor, in PCa as compared to controls. While for BPH, miRNA 141 (<em>P</em> = 0.003) and miRNA 335 (<em>P</em> = 0.0002) were found to be significantly oncogenic and tumor suppressors, respectively. The analysis of the ROC curve of panel miRNAs (miRNA-141,-1290, and -100) portrayed a significant area under the curve with greater sensitivity and specificity. Moreover, in-silico prediction of their respective targetomes represents their extensive involvement in PCa progression and various other cascades that aid in PCa networks.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>To the best of our knowledge, we are going to report for the first time this panel of miRNA that can be used to accurately and efficiently diagnose BPH and PCa patients from healthy males.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 150-158"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/bb/95/main.PMC10513910.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41144527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urine spermine and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for prediction of prostate cancer in Japanese men","authors":"Shuji Isotani ,&nbsp;Peter Ka-Fung Chiu ,&nbsp;Takeshi Ashizawa ,&nbsp;Yan-Ho Fung ,&nbsp;Takeshi Ieda ,&nbsp;Toshiyuki China ,&nbsp;Haruna Kawano ,&nbsp;Fumitaka Shimizu ,&nbsp;Masayoshi Nagata ,&nbsp;Yuki Nakagawa ,&nbsp;Satoru Muto ,&nbsp;Ka-Leung Wong ,&nbsp;Chi-Fai Ng ,&nbsp;Shigeo Horie","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.07.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.07.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><p>To investigate the role of urine spermine and spermine risk score in predicting prostate cancer (PCa) diagnoses in combination with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI).</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Three hundred forty seven consecutive men with elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) with mpMRI examination were prospectively enrolled in this study. In 265 patients with PSA levels between 4 and20 ng/ml, pre-biopsy urine samples were analyzed for spermine levels with ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC-MS/MS). Transperineal image-guided prostate biopsies with 16-18 cores were performed. Logistic regressions were used to form different models for the prediction of the PCa, and the performances were compared using the area under the curve (AUC).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The median serum PSA level and prostate volume were 7.4 ng/mL and 33.9 mL, respectively. PCa and high-grade PCa (ISUP group ≥2, HGPCa) were diagnosed in 66.0% (175/265) and 132/265 (49.8%) cases, respectively. The urine spermine levels were significantly lower in men with PCa (0.87 vs. 2.20, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that age, PSA, PV, urine spermine level, and Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) findings were independent predictors for PCa. The Spermine Risk Score is a multivariable model including PSA, age, prostate volume, and urine spermine. Adding the Spermine Risk Score to PI-RADS improved the AUC from 0.73 to 0.86 in PCa and from 0.72 to 0.83 in high grade PCa (HGPCa) prediction (both <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). At 90% sensitivity for HGPCa prediction using Spermine Risk Score, 31.1% of unnecessary biopsies could be avoided. In men with equivocal MRI PI-RADS score 3, the AUC for HGPCa prediction was 0.58, 0.79, and 0.87 for PSA, PSA density, and Spermine Risk Score, respectively.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>Urine Spermine Risk Score, including mpMRI could accurately identify men at high risk of HGPCa and reduce unnecessary prostate biopsies. Spermine Risk Score could more accurately predict HGPCa than PSA density in men with MRI showing equivocal PI-RADS 3 lesions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 180-185"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e7/d4/main.PMC10513900.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41177969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral chemotherapeutic agents in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","authors":"Yong Seong Lee ,&nbsp;Seong Hwan Kim ,&nbsp;Jong Hyun Tae ,&nbsp;In Ho Chang ,&nbsp;Tae-Hyoung Kim ,&nbsp;Soon Chul Myung ,&nbsp;Myoungsuk Kim ,&nbsp;Tuan Thanh Nguyen ,&nbsp;Joongwon Choi ,&nbsp;Jung Hoon Kim ,&nbsp;Jin Wook Kim ,&nbsp;Se Young Choi","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.06.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.06.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Multiple oral chemotherapeutic agents for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) have been developed for conjugated use with conventional androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). Several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) report significant benefits in mHSPC patients. Therefore, we compared overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) benefits among considerable mHSPC oral chemotherapeutic agents.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>We investigated mHSPC treatment efficacy through a systematic RCT-trial literature review (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus). Two reviewers independently screened, extracted data, and assessed bias risk in duplicate.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>We identified 18 RCTs (<em>n</em> = 13,509). Concerning OS, ADT + abiraterone, ADT + abiraterone + docetaxel, ADT + apalutamide, ADT + bicalutamide, ADT + darolutamide + docetaxel, ADT + enzalutamide, ADT + orteronel, and ADT + rezvilutamide were more effective than the standard of care (SOC). Comparing PFS, most treatments were more effective than SOC, excluding ADT + bicalutamide, nilutamide, flutamide, ADT + bicalutamide + palbociclib, and ADT + nilutamide. ADT + docetaxel with androgen receptor targeted agent (ARTA) triplet therapy was not among the top three treatments determined through ranking analysis.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>Novel oral chemotherapeutic agent combination therapies must replace current ADT monotherapy and ADT + docetaxel SOC. Even so, ADT + docetaxel with ARTA triplet therapy still is not the best mHSPC treatment and requires further study.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/14/63/main.PMC10513908.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41169685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Partial gland ablation using high-intensity focused ultrasound versus robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a propensity score-matched study","authors":"Gyoohwan Jung ,&nbsp;Jung Kwon Kim ,&nbsp;Jong Jin Oh ,&nbsp;Sangchul Lee ,&nbsp;Seok-Soo Byun ,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Hong ,&nbsp;Hakmin Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We compared the clinical outcomes of robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) and partial gland ablation (PGA) using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in localized prostate cancer.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>We analyzed 3,859 patients who had undergone RARP and PGA using HIFU. According to the propensity score for each treatment, 137 patients after PGA were matched to 3,722 patients after RARP at a 1:4 ratio using the nearest neighbor method.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>The matched cohort comprised 685 subjects (RARP, 548; PGA, 137), with a median follow-up period of 22 months. Treatment failures were identified in 13.9% and 9.1% of patients in the PGA and RARP groups, respectively, after a median follow-up of 36 months postoperatively. Kaplan–Meier analyses revealed significantly longer failure-free (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and salvage-free survival (<em>P</em> = 0.003) in the RARP group than in the PGA group. There was no significant difference in the postoperative urinary symptom score (<em>P</em> = 0.748), but the postoperative erectile function score was significantly higher in the PGA group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). The rate of urinary incontinence (any pad) was significantly lower in the PGA group than that in the RARP group (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Postoperative complications were more frequent in the PGA group (<em>P</em> = 0.003); however, there was no significant difference in high-grade complications (≥3) (<em>P</em> = 0.467).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>PGA using HIFU showed statistically inferior oncological outcomes compared with RARP for failure-free survival and salvage-free survival. However, functional outcomes regarding postoperative incontinence and erectile dysfunction were more favorable in the PGA group.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 134-138"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/a1/main.PMC10513903.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41142043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The oncologic and safety outcomes of low-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer","authors":"Nobumichi Tanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.01.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.01.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Around 40 years have passed since a modern low-dose-rate (LDR) brachytherapy for prostate cancer was introduced. LDR brachytherapy has become one of the definitive treatment options besides radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiation therapy (EBRT). LDR brachytherapy has several advantages over EBRT such as a higher prescribed dose to the prostate gland while avoiding unnecessary irradiation of organs at risk, a precipitous dose gradient, a brief treatment time, and a short hospital stay. Previous reports revealed that the long-term oncologic outcomes of LDR brachytherapy are superior to those of EBRT. The oncologic outcomes of low- to intermediate-risk patients are equivalent to those of RP using the recurrence definition of surgery of prostate specific antigen (PSA) &gt;0.2 ng/mL, while the oncologic outcomes of LDR brachytherapy as tri-modality (combined EBRT and androgen deprivation therapy) for high-risk patients is superior to that of RP using the recurrence definition of surgery. In respect of toxicity, urinary disorders such as urgency and frequency are often observed after the acute phase of treatment, but these events usually resolve, while the quality of life of urinary continence is well preserved for a long time. Erectile function decreases yearly, but is relatively preserved compared to RP. In conclusion, the most noteworthy strength of LDR brachytherapy for low- to intermediate-risk patients is the “brief treatment time” that provides long recurrence-free survival, while that for high-risk patients who received LDR brachytherapy (tri-modality) is “excellent disease control.”</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 3","pages":"Pages 127-133"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/41/0b/main.PMC10513906.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41145777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combination of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and transperineal template-guided mapping prostate biopsy to determine potential candidates for focal therapy","authors":"Young Hyo Choi ,&nbsp;Chung Un Lee ,&nbsp;Wan Song ,&nbsp;Byong Chang Jeong ,&nbsp;Seong Il Seo ,&nbsp;Seong Soo Jeon ,&nbsp;Hyun Moo Lee ,&nbsp;Hwang Gyun Jeon ,&nbsp;Seung-Ju Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.12.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.12.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>We assessed the ability of the combination of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and transperineal template-guided mapping biopsy (TTMB) to determine the eligibility for focal therapy (FT) (hemiablation) in men and compared it with that of histology from radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>In this study, 120 men who underwent mpMRI, TTMB, and RP in a single tertiary center from May 2017 to June 2021 were analyzed. The criteria of hemiablation eligibility were unilateral low-to intermediate-risk prostate cancer (limited to a maximum of International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group 3 and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) &lt;20 ng/mL) and clinical stage ≤T2. Evidence of non-organ-confined disease or contralateral Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) v2 score ≥4 on mpMRI was classified as ineligible for hemiablation. Clinically significant cancer at RP was defined as any of the following: (1) ISUP grade group 1 with tumor volume ≥1.3 mL; (2) ISUP grade group ≥2; or (3) the presence of advanced stage (≥pT3).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Of the 120 men, data of 52 men who met the selection criteria for hemiablation were compared with final RP findings. Of these 52 men, 42 (80.7%) could be considered suitable for hemiablation on RP. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of mpMRI and TTMB in predicting FT eligibility were 80.7%, 85.1%, and 82.5%, respectively. The rate of undetected contralateral significant cancer was 10 (19.2%) on mpMRI and TTMB. Six had bilateral significant cancer and four had small volumes of ISUP grade group ≥2.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><p>The combination of mpMRI and TTMB substantially improves the prediction of potential candidates for hemiablation based on consensus recommendations. Improved selection criteria and further investigative tools are required to improve patient selection for hemiablation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 100-106"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/93/5f/main.PMC10318325.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10162141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"How many cores should be taken from each region of interest when performing a targeted transrectal prostate biopsy?","authors":"Serhat Cetin ,&nbsp;Arif Huseyinli ,&nbsp;Murat Yavuz Koparal ,&nbsp;Ender Cem Bulut ,&nbsp;Murat Ucar ,&nbsp;Ipek I. Gonul ,&nbsp;Sinan Sozen","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.01.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2023.01.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The number of core biopsies required per region of interest (ROI) is controversial, as is the localization of the core to be taken from a lesion. This study aimed to determine the ideal biopsy core number and location in a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging guided targeted prostate biopsy (TPB), without reducing the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPC) detection rate.</p></div><div><h3>Materials and methods</h3><p>Data of patients who had PI-RADS ≥3 lesions on multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and underwent a TPB in our clinic between October 2020 and January 2022 were reviewed, retrospectively. The first and second cores were taken from the central part of the ROI, whereas the third and fourth cores were taken from the right and left peripheries of the ROI. We compared the csPC detection success of single-, 2-, 3-, and 4-core samplings.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Software-based transrectal TPB was performed on 251 ROIs in a total of 167 patients. Internal Society of Urological Pathology Grade Group ≥2 cancer was detected in at least one core in 64 (25.4%) lesions. Moreover, csPC was detected in 42 (65.6%) ROIs in first-core biopsies; in 59 (92.2%) ROIs in first- and second-core biopsies; in 62 (96.9%) ROIs in first-, second-, and third-core biopsies; and in 64 (100%) ROIs in first-, second-, third-, and fourth-core biopsies. Using McNemar's test for comparison, a significant difference was found in terms of csPC detection success between performing first-core and second-core biopsies (65.6 – 92.2%, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001); by contrast, no significant difference was observed in csPC detection success between 2-core and 3-core biopsies (92.2% - 96.9%, <em>p</em> = 0.24). Furthermore, no significant difference existed between performing second-core and fourth-core biopsies in terms of csPC detection success (92.2%–100%, <em>p</em> = 0.07).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We concluded that taking 2-core biopsies from the center of each ROIs during a transrectal TPB is sufficient for diagnosing csPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 122-126"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/42/94/main.PMC10318326.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10180971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel biguanide derivative, IM176, induces prostate cancer cell death by modulating the AMPK-mTOR and androgen receptor signaling pathways","authors":"Yunlim Kim ,&nbsp;Sangjun Yoo ,&nbsp;Bumjin Lim ,&nbsp;Jun Hyuk Hong ,&nbsp;Cheol Kwak ,&nbsp;Dalsan You ,&nbsp;Jung Jin Hwang ,&nbsp;Choung-Soo Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>Metformin and phenformin, biguanide derivatives that are widely used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus, have recently been shown to exert potential anticancer effects in prostate cancer. This study compared the antiprostate cancer effects of the novel biguanide derivative IM176 with those of metformin and phenformin.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>Prostate cancer cell lines and patient-derived castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells were treated with IMI76, metformin, and phenformin. The effects of these agents on cell viability, annexin V-FITC apoptosis, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition, protein expression and phosphorylation, and gene expression were evaluated.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>IM176 dose dependently reduced the viability of all prostate cancer cell lines tested, with IC₅₀s (LNCaP: 18.5 μM; 22Rv1: 36.8 μM) lower than those of metformin and phenformin. IM176 activated AMP-activated protein kinase, inhibiting mammalian target of rapamycin and reducing the phosphorylation of p70S6K1 and S6. IM176 inhibited the expression of androgen receptor, the androgen receptor splice variant 7, and prostate-specific antigen in LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells. IM176 increased caspase-3 cleavage and annexin V-positive/propidium iodide–positive cells, which indicated apoptosis. Moreover, IM176 reduced viability, with low IC₅₀, in cultured cells derived from two patients with CRPC.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>The antitumor effects of IM176 were comparable with those of other biguanides. IM176 may therefore be a novel candidate for the treatment of patients with prostate cancer, including those with CRPC.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 83-90"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/30/0b/main.PMC10318334.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9803916","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of conventional smoking versus electronic cigarette on the expression of VEGF, PEMPA1, and PTEN in rat prostate","authors":"Alireza Namazi Shabestari ,&nbsp;Seyed Saeed Tamehri Zadeh ,&nbsp;Parisa Zahmatkesh ,&nbsp;Leila Zareian Baghdadabad ,&nbsp;Akram Mirzaei ,&nbsp;Rahil Mashhadi ,&nbsp;Gholamreza Mesbah ,&nbsp;Alireza Khajavi ,&nbsp;Milad Akbarzadehmoallemkolaei ,&nbsp;Mahdi Khoshchehreh ,&nbsp;Ramin Rahimnia ,&nbsp;Seyed Mohammad Kazem Aghamir","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), the alternative to conventional smoking, is increasing considerably worldwide; however, their safety is a matter of debate. Several studies have demonstrated their toxic effects, but no study assessed their effects on the prostate.</p></div><div><h3>Objective</h3><p>The current study aimed at evaluating e-cigarettes and conventional smoking prostate toxicity and effects on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), phosphatase and tensin (PTEN), and prostate transmembrane protein androgen induced 1 (PMEPA1).</p></div><div><h3>Method</h3><p>30 young Wistar rats were categorized into three groups (n = 10) as follows: the control group, the conventional smoking group, and the e-cigarette group. The case groups were exposed to cigarettes or e-cigarettes for 40 minutes, 3 times a day for four months. Serum parameters, prostate pathology, and gene expression were measured at the end of the intervention. Data were analyzed by Graph Pad prism 9.</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>Histopathological findings presented that both types of cigarette-induced hyperemia and induced inflammatory cell infiltration and hypertrophy of smooth muscle of the vascular wall in the e-cigarette group. Expression of <em>PMEPA1,</em> and <em>VEGFA</em> genes significantly increased in conventional (2.67-fold; P = 0.0108, 1.80-fold; P = 0.0461 respectively) and e-cigarettes (1.98-fold; P = 0.0127, 1.34-fold; P = 0.938, respectively) groups compared to the control group. Expression of the <em>PTEN</em> gene non-significantly decreased in the case of groups compared to the control group.</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>We found no significant differences between the two groups in terms of PTEN and PMEPA1 expression, whereas VEGFA was significantly more expressed in a conventional smoking group compared to the e-cigarette group. Therefore, it seems that e-cigarettes could not be taken into account as a better option than conventional smoking, and quitting smoking still is the optimal option.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 76-82"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50183879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of recurrence sites using 18F-fluorocholine PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with PSA failure","authors":"Dong-Yun Kim ,&nbsp;Won Woo Lee ,&nbsp;Yoo Sung Song ,&nbsp;Sung Kyu Hong ,&nbsp;Seok-Soo Byun ,&nbsp;Jae-Sung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prnil.2022.11.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><p>The optimal condition for the clinical application of ¹⁸F-fluorocholine positron emission tomography–computed tomography (FCH-PET/CT) to detect recurrence sites in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) failure remains unclear due to the heterogeneity of prostate cancer failure. We aimed to evaluate the detection rate of FCH-PET/CT in prostate cancer patients with PSA failure and to determine the optimal PSA level for performing FCH-PET/CT.</p></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><p>FCH-PET/CT was conducted in 89 patients diagnosed with PSA failure after radical treatment (radical prostatectomy in 75 and definitive radiotherapy in 14) between November 2018 and May 2021. Detection rates were examined via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, and multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify factors affecting positive FCH-PET/CT findings. We also conducted subgroup analyses according to the PSA failure patterns after the radical treatment (persistently high PSA [<em>N</em> = 48] and biochemical recurrence [BCR] [<em>N</em> = 41]).</p></div><div><h3>Results</h3><p>FCH-PET/CT demonstrated a 59.6% overall detection rate, and the optimal PSA threshold for detecting positive findings was ≥ 1.00 ng/mL at the time of imaging. On multivariable analysis, PSA &gt; 1.00 ng/mL (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) was a significant predictor of positive FCH-PET/CT findings, especially regarding distant bone metastases (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001) and recurrence outside the pelvis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). In a subgroup analysis of patients with BCR after initial radical treatment, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.82, and PSA ≥ 1.75 ng/mL was the optimal value for identifying positive FCH-PET/CT findings. This PSA value was also associated with significantly higher detection rates of distant bone metastases and outside-pelvis metastasis (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001, both).</p></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><p>FCH-PET/CT is a clinically useful tool for detecting tumor recurrence sites in prostate cancer patients with PSA failure if PSA has exceeded a certain value at the time of imaging. Particularly, higher AUC values were observed when FCH-PET/CT was performed in patients with BCR after initial treatment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20845,"journal":{"name":"Prostate International","volume":"11 2","pages":"Pages 69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"50183880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}