Rangeland Journal最新文献_第10页

The size, structure and efficiency of Mongolian flocks and herds on degraded grasslands 退化草原上蒙古牧群的规模、结构与效益

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/rj21014

Gantuya Jargalsaihan, Udval Gombosuren, D. Kemp, K. Behrendt, D. Lkhagvasuren, Luvsan Gankhuyg, Colin Brown

引用次数: 1

Species replacement and transitional zones in natural grasslands with subtle environmental gradations 具有微妙环境梯度的天然草原物种替代与过渡带

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/rj20043

Natalia Vercelli, Ilda Entraigas

{"title":"Species replacement and transitional zones in natural grasslands with subtle environmental gradations","authors":"Natalia Vercelli, Ilda Entraigas","doi":"10.1071/rj20043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj20043","url":null,"abstract":"Heterogeneity creates borders, limits and contrasts between patches. In turn, this pattern generates new processes. Linked to heterogeneity, ecological systems have limits where layout is essential to understanding system organisation. This study analysed internal heterogeneity in natural grassland using: (1) estimation of species replacement in space, and (2) identification of transitional zones and definition of their ecological features in an extremely flat area of the Flooding Pampa, Argentina. Transition analysis was conducted at three sites; 77 plots in total. In each plot, all species, their cover percentage and the proportion of bare soil were recorded and soil samples (0–20cm depth) measured for pH and electrical conductivity. With floristic data, we explored the relationship between pairwise similarities in community structure and pairwise differences in space, adjusting similarity as a linear or non-linear function of geographical distance. We then conducted a cluster analysis to identify transitional zones, which were associated with large vegetation units described for the Flooding Pampa. Floristic composition in transitional zones was analysed according to the proportions of species and combinations characteristic of the different plant communities. Finally, we synthetised topo-edaphic measured information with a Principal Component Analysis to analyse transitional zone environmental properties. Joining hierarchical classification methods and Indicator Species Analysis for single species and combinations, we highlighted internal heterogeneity, often not noticed in these environments. Rotational livestock grazing contribute to heterogeneity that is typical of these grasslands. Knowledge about transitional zones strongly supports the development of management strategies to prevent grassland degradation.","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"58648639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The use of Australian native grains as a food: a review of research in a global grains context 使用澳大利亚本土谷物作为食物:在全球谷物背景下的研究综述

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/rj21030

Anna Drake, C. Keitel, A. Pattison

引用次数: 6

Resilience of the pastoral component of Moroccan small ruminant systems in mountain areas 山区摩洛哥小反刍动物系统牧区组成部分的复原力

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.1071/rj21039

S. El Aayadi, A. Araba, M. Jouven

引用次数: 1

Grazing gradient detection and assessment in arid rangelands of central Iran using remote sensing and soil-vegetation characteristics 基于遥感和土壤植被特征的伊朗中部干旱草原放牧梯度检测与评价

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-23 DOI: 10.1071/rj20076

F. Moazam, R. Jafari, H. Bashari, M. Mosaddeghi

{"title":"Grazing gradient detection and assessment in arid rangelands of central Iran using remote sensing and soil-vegetation characteristics","authors":"F. Moazam, R. Jafari, H. Bashari, M. Mosaddeghi","doi":"10.1071/rj20076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj20076","url":null,"abstract":"One key tool to manage fragile ecosystems in arid lands is knowledge of land degradation. For this purpose, field-based soil and vegetation characteristics were related to remote sensing information extracted from Landsat OLI moving standard deviation index (MSDI), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI), soil-adjusted vegetation index (SAVI) and modified soil-adjusted vegetation index (MSAVI) in degraded (watering points and livestock camps) and reference sites of arid rangelands of Iran. Values of spectral indices along grazing gradients at a distance of 50–1500 m from the centre of degradation were also extracted and analysed. Statistical analysis (t-test and ordination analysis) shows that MSDI is a sensitive index of landscape heterogeneity and, unlike other indices, exhibits a significant difference between degraded and reference sites. MSDI was sensitive to grazing gradients around watering points and livestock camps, and declined with increasing distance from these areas, although this varied between different sites due to grazing intensity and characteristics of soil and vegetation cover. Soil analysis showed that the amount of organic carbon, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD) and soil stability indicator (SSI) at reference sites were significantly higher than those at degraded areas. Ordination analysis confirmed the results of t-test regarding the high potential capability of MSDI in separating degraded areas. This simple and practical index can be used to determine ecological thresholds and investigating rangeland condition in arid ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":"10 21 1","pages":"425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88724172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Designing a payment for ecosystem services scheme, the practical obstacles for implementation in arid and semiarid rangelands 设计生态系统服务付费方案，在干旱和半干旱草原实施的实际障碍

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1071/rj19072

E. Zakeri, S. Mousavi, H. Karimzadeh

{"title":"Designing a payment for ecosystem services scheme, the practical obstacles for implementation in arid and semiarid rangelands","authors":"E. Zakeri, S. Mousavi, H. Karimzadeh","doi":"10.1071/rj19072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj19072","url":null,"abstract":"Payment for Ecosystem Services (PES) schemes are an innovative solution to reduce environmental degradation. However, most existing experience with PES implementation is related to the agricultural, forestry and marine sectors, and the application of PES in rangelands is limited. Although a PES could be an option to reduce rangeland degradation, there is no specific framework or experience for its implementation in Iran. Financial resources for funding the scheme are important, although funding by itself is not sufficient, and details are important in designing a successful PES system. This study aimed to design and introduce the framework of a PES scheme based on field surveys, information collection and analysis emphasising soil and water conservation functions, and identification and discussion of the challenges and obstacles facing implementation of the designed framework. After delineating the vegetation types on rangeland ecosystems, their current ecological condition was considered the baseline, and minimum and maximum payments were considered, equal to the livestock reduction compensation and the total value of the increased ecosystem services as a result of PES implementation respectively. Results suggest designing the practical steps of PES schemes is complicated despite the concept’s simplicity, and a lack of clear property rights can increase complexity and multiply the costs. Considering different socioeconomic and ecological contexts, and the detailed framework in all the processes of identification and investigation, development, pilot testing, and project operation can increase the effectiveness of PES schemes. Our findings appear useful for policy-making to balance utilisation pressure in natural areas, not only in Iran, but also in many arid and semiarid rangelands elsewhere.","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":"17 1","pages":"387-400"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87392922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Building human capacity, capability and future leaders for Australia’s rangelands 为澳大利亚牧场建设人力资源、能力和未来领导者

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1071/RJ20052

John A. Taylor, P. Erkelenz, A. Churchill

{"title":"Building human capacity, capability and future leaders for Australia’s rangelands","authors":"John A. Taylor, P. Erkelenz, A. Churchill","doi":"10.1071/RJ20052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/RJ20052","url":null,"abstract":"Maintaining a skilled, knowledgeable and adaptable workforce in Australian rangeland enterprises and research, development and extension/adoption (RD&E/A) organisations is a varied and challenging task, compounded by trends of sustained losses of human capacity through senior retirements and short-term appointments over the last decade. Concerns for how to fill these gaps while gaining the skills and knowledge needed for a successful career and leadership roles were raised by students and young professionals in the World Cafe session and throughout Early Career workshops and activities at the 2019 Biennial Conference of the Australian Rangeland Society (ARS). This paper responds to these expressed information needs through drawing on literature, experiences shared by session participants, and existing ARS members currently working in the rangelands in diverse roles to provide insights into two main areas: (i) skills and knowledge for personal development and future success in the rangelands across three broad classes of occupation/careers (i.e. advisors, researchers, and producers), and (ii) skills and knowledge that will be expected of future leaders in the rangelands. We outline a variety of options for professional development in the early stage(s) of a career working on aspects of sustainable production systems and pathways to leadership throughout a career in the rangelands. We note the apparent lack of formal rangeland-specific education in Australia, and suggest that this is a major impediment to efforts to build skills and knowledge to ensure the viability of the livelihoods and the integrity of our rangelands. Finally, we believe that the ARS has the potential to play a more central role in inspiring interest and passion for the rangelands, in providing current information on (i) range science and management-relevant education and training opportunities in Australia and internationally, and (ii) leadership development and training opportunities; and in facilitating and supporting mentoring to develop and retain human capacity for a resilient future.","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48592765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Optimising grazing for livestock production and environmental benefits in Chinese grasslands 优化中国草原畜牧业生产和环境效益

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1071/rj20049

W. Badgery, D. Kemp, Zhang Ying-jun, Wang Zhongwu, Han Guodong, Hou Fu-jiang, L. Nan, D. Michalk, K. Behrendt

{"title":"Optimising grazing for livestock production and environmental benefits in Chinese grasslands","authors":"W. Badgery, D. Kemp, Zhang Ying-jun, Wang Zhongwu, Han Guodong, Hou Fu-jiang, L. Nan, D. Michalk, K. Behrendt","doi":"10.1071/rj20049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj20049","url":null,"abstract":"Overgrazing has extensively degraded Chinese grasslands. A reduction in stocking rate of 30–50% below the district averages is required to increase the profitability of livestock production and protect vital ecosystem services such as mitigation of greenhouse gases (GHG). Grazing experiments located in the desert steppe, typical steppe and alpine meadow verified the influence of stocking rate and grazing management on livestock production, grassland composition and associated ecosystem services. The desert steppe experiment found lower stocking rates of ~150 SE (where SE is sheep equivalent, which is a 50kg animal) grazing days ha–1 (1 SE ha–1 over 150 days) enhanced botanical composition, maintained profitable lamb growth rates and reduced GHG emissions intensity. The typical steppe experiment found moderate grazing pressure of ~400 SE grazing days ha–1 (4 SE ha–1 over 100 days) maintained higher lamb growth rates, an average herbage mass >0.5t DM ha–1 that maintained the content of Leymus chinensis above 70% and Artemisia frigida below 10% of the grassland and had the highest level of net carbon sequestration. In the alpine meadow experiment the district average stocking rate of ~16 SE ha–1 (1440 SE grazing days ha–1 over 90 days) was not too high, but extending grazing into the non-growing season had no benefit. The findings of these experiments highlight that many of the benefits to ecosystem services can be achieved with reduced stocking rates which also generate profitable levels of livestock production. In both the desert and typical steppe experiments, the results were optimal when the stocking rates were adjusted to maintain average herbage mass over summer above ~0.5t DM ha–1, whereas herbage mass was higher with the local, conservative stocking rates in the alpine meadow.","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":"2011 1","pages":"347-358"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88163627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

A narrative to support the future of the Australian Outback 一个支持澳大利亚内陆未来的故事

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-21 DOI: 10.1071/RJ20040

B. Traill, M. Stafford-Smith

引用次数: 2

Preventing rangeland degradation: a shared problem for Australia and China 防止牧场退化:澳大利亚和中国的共同问题

IF 1.2 4区环境科学与生态学

Rangeland Journal Pub Date : 2020-12-03 DOI: 10.1071/rj20068

K. Hodgkinson, Deli Wang

{"title":"Preventing rangeland degradation: a shared problem for Australia and China","authors":"K. Hodgkinson, Deli Wang","doi":"10.1071/rj20068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/rj20068","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Rangeland degradation continues in Australia, China and elsewhere. The stocking rate/animal production relationship has been a successful concept for pastoralists wanting to avoid degradation and/or raise incomes. However, there are no means available of alerting pastoralists to the approach of critical thresholds that would ‘flip’ rangelands into alternative states when grazing-stressed. Critical threshold forecasting for avoiding degradation (and seizing restoration opportunities) could be made available online. Research has yet to find, assemble and test the set of indicators needed to forecast the approach of critical thresholds envisaged in State-and-Transition thinking. Forecasting at paddock, property and regional scales would have to involve high-performance computing because the thresholds will be space and time dependent. The case for Australia and China to contribute cooperatively to this research effort rests on the large number of contrasting rangeland ecosystems across the two countries that represent rangelands globally. A proven history of past collaboration is extant with existing research programs on plant population dynamics, landscape patchiness/leakiness and soil biota status, and their responses to the separate and combined effects of climate and grazing animals. The road to adoption would involve partnerships with pastoralists throughout the process, remote sensing to identify approaching thresholds in real time, application of high-performance computing and possibly artificial intelligence, and packaging of forecasts for different socio-economic rangeland systems.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20810,"journal":{"name":"Rangeland Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2020-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47106130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2