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Learning Quantum Processes with Quantum Statistical Queries 用量子统计查询学习量子过程
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1739
Chirag Wadhwa, Mina Doosti
{"title":"Learning Quantum Processes with Quantum Statistical Queries","authors":"Chirag Wadhwa, Mina Doosti","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1739","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we initiate the study of learning quantum processes from quantum statistical queries. We focus on two fundamental learning tasks in this new access model: shadow tomography of quantum processes and process tomography with respect to diamond distance. For the former, we present an efficient average-case algorithm along with a nearly matching lower bound with respect to the number of observables to be predicted. For the latter, we present average-case query complexity lower bounds for learning classes of unitaries. We obtain an exponential lower bound for learning unitary 2-designs and a doubly exponential lower bound for Haar-random unitaries. Finally, we demonstrate the practical relevance of our access model by applying our learning algorithm to attack an authentication protocol using Classical-Readout Quantum Physically Unclonable Functions, partially addressing an important open question in quantum hardware security.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Interplay between external driving, dissipation and collective effects in the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes 马尔可夫和非马尔可夫制度中外部驱动、耗散和集体效应的相互作用
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-12 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1740
Roie Dann
{"title":"Interplay between external driving, dissipation and collective effects in the Markovian and non-Markovian regimes","authors":"Roie Dann","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-12-1740","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding how external driving and dissipation jointly influence the dynamics of open quantum systems is essential for advancing the study of non-equilibrium quantum phenomena and developing quantum technologies. The present study addresses the issue by exploring the behavior of open systems in driven optical setups coupled to a bosonic field. Starting from an exact non-Markovian master equation for linear systems, we extend the analysis to an ensemble of quantum emitters and validate the proposed solution. The analytical results unveil a range of intriguing phenomena, including pronounced non-Markovian corrections to the coherent driving and a collective cross-driving effect. These effects are experimentally accessible in platforms such as cavity QED, photonic crystals, and state-dependent optical lattices. In the Markovian limit, comparison with exact solutions reveal short-time non-Markovian effects that endure well beyond the environmental correlation decay time, alongside memory effects triggered by short laser pulses. These findings offer valuable insights into the dynamics of driven open systems, laying the groundwork for precise quantum state control.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143933470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Memory attacks in network nonlocality and self-testing 网络非局部性和自测试中的内存攻击
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1735
Mirjam Weilenmann, Costantino Budroni, Miguel Navascues
{"title":"Memory attacks in network nonlocality and self-testing","authors":"Mirjam Weilenmann, Costantino Budroni, Miguel Navascues","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1735","url":null,"abstract":"We study what can or cannot be certified in communication scenarios where the assumption of independence and identical distribution (iid) between experimental rounds fails. In this respect, we prove that membership tests for non-convex sets of correlations cannot be formulated in the non-iid regime. Similarly, it is impossible to self-test non-extreme quantum operations, such as mixed states, or noisy quantum measurements, unless one allows more than a single use thereof within the same experimental round. One consequence of our results is that non-classicality in causal networks without inputs cannot be experimentally demonstrated. By analyzing optimal non-iid strategies in the triangle scenario, we raise the need to take into account the prior communication required to set up a causal network.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"284 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
An Effective Way to Determine the Separability of Quantum State 确定量子态可分性的一种有效方法
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1734
Ma-Cheng Yang, Cong-Feng Qiao
{"title":"An Effective Way to Determine the Separability of Quantum State","authors":"Ma-Cheng Yang, Cong-Feng Qiao","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1734","url":null,"abstract":"We propose in this work a practical approach to address the longstanding and challenging problem of quantum separability, leveraging the correlation matrices of generic observables. General separability conditions are obtained by dint of constructing the measurement-induced Bloch space, which in essence come from the intrinsic constraints in the space of quantum state. The novel approach can not only reproduce various established entanglement criteria, it may as well brings about some new results, possessing obvious advantages for certain bound entangled states and the high dimensional Werner states. Moreover, it is found that criteria obtained in our approach can be directly transformed into entanglement witness operators.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Multidimensional Electrical Networks and their Application to Exponential Speedups for Graph Problems 多维电网络及其在图问题指数加速中的应用
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1733
Jianqiang Li, Sebastian Zur
{"title":"Multidimensional Electrical Networks and their Application to Exponential Speedups for Graph Problems","authors":"Jianqiang Li, Sebastian Zur","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1733","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1733","url":null,"abstract":"Recently, Apers and Piddock [TQC '23] strengthened the connection between quantum walks and electrical networks via Kirchhoff's Law and Ohm's Law. In this work, we develop a new multidimensional electrical network by defining Alternative Kirchhoff's Law and Alternative Ohm's Law based on the multidimensional quantum walk framework by Jeffery and Zur [STOC '23]. In analogy to the connection between the incidence matrix of a graph and Kirchhoff's Law and Ohm's Law in an electrical network, we rebuild the connection between the alternative incidence matrix and Alternative Kirchhoff's Law and Alternative Ohm's Law. This new framework enables generating an alternative electrical flow over the edges on graphs, which has the potential to be applied to a broader range of graph problems, benefiting both quantum and classical algorithm design.<br/> We first use this framework to generate quantum alternative electrical flow states and use it to find a marked vertex in one-dimensional random hierarchical graphs as defined by Balasubramanian, Li, and Harrow [arXiv '23]. In this work, they generalised the exponential quantum-classical separation of the welded tree graph by Childs, Cleve, Deotto, Farhi, Gutmann, and Spielman [STOC '03] to random hierarchical graphs. Our result partially recovers their results with an arguably simpler analysis.<br/> Furthermore, this framework also allows us to demonstrate an exponential quantum speedup for the pathfinding problem in a type of regular graph, which we name the welded tree circuit graph. The exponential quantum advantage is obtained by efficiently generating quantum alternative electrical flow states and then sampling from them to find an s-t path in the welded tree circuit graph. By comparison, Li [arXiv '23] constructed a non-regular graph based on welded trees and used the degree information to achieve a similar speedup.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quantum network-entanglement measures 量子网络纠缠措施
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1736
Zhen-Peng Xu, Julio I. de Vicente, Liang-Liang Sun, Sixia Yu
{"title":"Quantum network-entanglement measures","authors":"Zhen-Peng Xu, Julio I. de Vicente, Liang-Liang Sun, Sixia Yu","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1736","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum networks are of high interest nowadays and a quantum internet has been long envisioned. Network-entanglement adapts the notion of entanglement to the network scenario and network-entangled states are considered to be a resource to overcome the limitations of a given network structure. In this work, we introduce measures of quantum network-entanglement that are well-defined within the general framework of quantum resource theories, which at the same time have a clear operational interpretation characterizing the extra resources necessary to prepare a targeted quantum state within a given network. In particular, we define the network communication cost and the network round complexity, which turn out to be intimately related to graph-theoretic parameters. We also provide methods to estimate these measures by introducing novel witnesses of network-entanglement.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Quadratic Speedup in Finding Nash Equilibria of Quantum Zero-Sum Games 寻找量子零和博弈纳什均衡的二次加速
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-06 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1737
Francisca Vasconcelos, Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis, Panayotis Mertikopoulos, Georgios Piliouras, Michael I. Jordan
{"title":"A Quadratic Speedup in Finding Nash Equilibria of Quantum Zero-Sum Games","authors":"Francisca Vasconcelos, Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis, Panayotis Mertikopoulos, Georgios Piliouras, Michael I. Jordan","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-06-1737","url":null,"abstract":"Recent developments in domains such as non-local games, quantum interactive proofs, and quantum generative adversarial networks have renewed interest in quantum game theory and, specifically, quantum zero-sum games. Central to classical game theory is the efficient algorithmic computation of Nash equilibria, which represent optimal strategies for both players. In 2008, Jain and Watrous proposed the first classical algorithm for computing equilibria in quantum zero-sum games using the Matrix Multiplicative Weight Updates (MMWU) method to achieve a convergence rate of $mathcal{O}(d/epsilon^2)$ iterations to $epsilon$-Nash equilibria in the $4^d$-dimensional spectraplex. In this work, we propose a hierarchy of quantum optimization algorithms that generalize MMWU via an extra-gradient mechanism. Notably, within this proposed hierarchy, we introduce the Optimistic Matrix Multiplicative Weights Update (OMMWU) algorithm and establish its average-iterate convergence complexity as $mathcal{O}(d/epsilon)$ iterations to $epsilon$-Nash equilibria. This quadratic speed-up relative to Jain and Watrous' original algorithm sets a new benchmark for computing $epsilon$-Nash equilibria in quantum zero-sum games.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143915965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fault-tolerant structures for measurement-based quantum computation on a network 基于测量的网络量子计算容错结构
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1723
Yves van Montfort, Sébastian de Bone, David Elkouss
{"title":"Fault-tolerant structures for measurement-based quantum computation on a network","authors":"Yves van Montfort, Sébastian de Bone, David Elkouss","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1723","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we introduce a method to construct fault-tolerant $textit{measurement-based quantum computation}$ (MBQC) architectures and numerically estimate their performance over various types of networks. A possible application of such a paradigm is distributed quantum computation, where separate computing nodes work together on a fault-tolerant computation through entanglement. We gauge error thresholds of the architectures with an efficient stabilizer simulator to investigate the resilience against both circuit-level and network noise. We show that, for both monolithic (i.e., non-distributed) and distributed implementations, an architecture based on the diamond lattice may outperform the conventional cubic lattice. Moreover, the high erasure thresholds of non-cubic lattices may be exploited further in a distributed context, as their performance may be boosted through $textit{entanglement distillation}$ by trading in entanglement success rates against erasure errors during the error-decoding process. These results highlight the significance of lattice geometry in the design of fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computing on a network, emphasizing the potential for constructing robust and scalable distributed quantum computers.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"24 1","pages":"1723"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A geometrical description of non-Hermitian dynamics: speed limits in finite rank density operators 非厄米动力学的几何描述：有限秩密度算子中的速度限制
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1729
Niklas Hörnedal, Oskar A. Prośniak, Adolfo del Campo, Aurélia Chenu
{"title":"A geometrical description of non-Hermitian dynamics: speed limits in finite rank density operators","authors":"Niklas Hörnedal, Oskar A. Prośniak, Adolfo del Campo, Aurélia Chenu","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1729","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1729","url":null,"abstract":"Non-Hermitian dynamics in quantum systems preserves the rank of the state density operator. Using this insight, we develop a geometric framework to describe its time evolution. In particular, we identify mutually orthogonal coherent and incoherent directions and provide their physical interpretation. This understanding enables us to optimize the success rate of non-Hermitian driving along prescribed trajectories, with direct relevance to shortcuts to adiabaticity. Next, we explore the geometric interpretation of a speed limit for non-Hermitian Hamiltonians and analyze its tightness. We derive the explicit expression that saturates this bound and illustrate our results with a minimal example of a dissipative qubit.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"18 1","pages":"1729"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Measuring quantum relative entropy with finite-size effect 用有限尺寸效应测量量子相对熵
IF 6.4 2区 物理与天体物理
Quantum Pub Date : 2025-05-05 DOI: 10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1725
Masahito Hayashi
{"title":"Measuring quantum relative entropy with finite-size effect","authors":"Masahito Hayashi","doi":"10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22331/q-2025-05-05-1725","url":null,"abstract":"We study the estimation of relative entropy $D(rho|sigma)$ when $sigma$ is known. We show that the Cramér-Rao type bound equals the relative varentropy. Our estimator attains the Cramér-Rao type bound when the dimension $d$ is fixed. It also achieves the sample complexity $O(d^2)$ when the dimension $d$ increases. This sample complexity is optimal when $sigma$ is the completely mixed state. Also, it has time complexity $O(d^6 polylog~d)$. Our proposed estimator unifiedly works under both settings.","PeriodicalId":20807,"journal":{"name":"Quantum","volume":"73 1","pages":"1725"},"PeriodicalIF":6.4,"publicationDate":"2025-05-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143910404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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