Protein & CellPub Date : 2026-05-03DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwag030
Yitong Zhou, Dongchun Xie, Chenhui Ding, Wenlian Wu, Tianqi Cao, Qianyi Liu, David L Keefe, Canquan Zhou, Junjiu Huang
{"title":"Human embryo editing: Ten years of breakthroughs and challenges.","authors":"Yitong Zhou, Dongchun Xie, Chenhui Ding, Wenlian Wu, Tianqi Cao, Qianyi Liu, David L Keefe, Canquan Zhou, Junjiu Huang","doi":"10.1093/procel/pwag030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwag030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Over the past decade, the field of human embryo editing has witnessed remarkable advancements and triggered significant ethical debates. The groundbreaking tool, CRISPR/Cas9, has revolutionized the landscape of genetic engineering by enabling modifications at the genomic level in germ cells. Since the first case of human embryo gene editing in 2015, the field has rapidly progressed, presenting promising avenues for therapeutic interventions. However, it still grapples with safety concerns, including off-target effects, mosaicism, and the long-term impacts of genetic alterations, as well as ongoing ethical controversies. In this review, we will systematically overview the significant research in this field and provide insights into the potential applications of basic research in early embryonic development and the treatment of genetic diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":20790,"journal":{"name":"Protein & Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147842101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Next-generation skin wound healing related disease models with integration of immune cells.","authors":"Yutong Yuan,Shan Zhu,Yuanbo Liu,Yu Yao,Jing Zhang,Xiaoran Li,Yuan Gao,Zilin Zhang,Boyang Song,Jun Ouyang,Juan Zhang,Qiwei L,Zaozao Chen,Zhonze Gu,Ningbei Yin,Nuo Si","doi":"10.1093/procel/pwag013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwag013","url":null,"abstract":"Impaired wound healing and pathological scarring remain major clinical challenges, with immune cell dysregulation being a key driver of disease progression. Conventional in vitro models fail to recapitulate human immune responses, limiting their translational relevance. In recent years, advances in tissue engineering and microfluidic technologies have driven growing efforts to incorporate immune cells into in vitro models, thereby improving their ability to mimic pathological microenvironments. Among these, organ-on-a-chip technology stands out for its capacity to replicate dynamic perfusion, mechanical stimulation, and multicellular crosstalk-features critical for modeling immune-mediated wound repair. This review systematically summarizes recent progress in immune cell-integrated models of aberrant wound healing, including two-dimensional co-cultures, three-dimensional static cultures, organoid systems, and organ-on-a-chip platforms. We highlight core strategies for immune cell integration and their roles in recapitulating key pathological processes such as inflammation and fibrosis. Despite ongoing challenges in cell source stability, model standardization, and long-term culture viability, emerging strategies (e.g., organ-on-a-chip combined with three-dimensional bioprinting or modular design) offer new opportunities for creating biomimetic, high-throughput platforms for wound research. This review aims to facilitate the adoption of immune-integrated in vitro models in wound healing research, deepen mechanistic understanding of immune-driven pathology, and accelerate the development of precision therapeutics.","PeriodicalId":20790,"journal":{"name":"Protein & Cell","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147655833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protein & CellPub Date : 2026-03-27DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwaf105
{"title":"Correction to: The nuclear phosphoinositide-p53 signalosome in the regulation of cell motility.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/procel/pwaf105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwaf105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20790,"journal":{"name":"Protein & Cell","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":21.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147518560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Protein & CellPub Date : 2026-03-25DOI: 10.1093/procel/pwag026
Semin Park, Hari Lim, Jin-A Lee
{"title":"Organelle-anchored translation factories: the roles of neuronal RBP condensates in organizing local protein synthesis in neurological diseases.","authors":"Semin Park, Hari Lim, Jin-A Lee","doi":"10.1093/procel/pwag026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwag026","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurons face a fundamental proteostasis challenge: synapses and axons located far from the soma must rapidly remodel their proteome during activity, stress, and development. While local protein synthesis has long been recognized as essential for meeting these demands, classical models largely focused on ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules as autonomous carriers of translationally silent mRNAs, treating membranous organelles as parallel logistics or metabolic systems. Recent work overturns this view, revealing that endosomes, lysosomes, axonal endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, and their contact sites actively function as mobile translation platforms. In this review, we propose an RBP-centered framework in which phase-separated condensates physically tether specific mRNA cohorts to organelle surfaces, coupling mRNA transport, translational control, and organelle dynamics into a unified network. By organizing recent discoveries into functional modules-long-range transport, localized translation, and stress buffering-this neuron-focused framework identifies organelle-anchored translation factories as a unifying principle of synaptic proteostasis and a broadly applicable design paradigm for highly polarized cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":20790,"journal":{"name":"Protein & Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147514217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"DNA-triggered AIM2 condensation orchestrates immune activation and regulation.","authors":"Quanjin Li, Xiaohan Geng, Huiwen Yan, Zhaolong Li, Miao Shi, Ziqi Zhu, Tongxin Niu, Chunqiu Zhao, Kaile Shu, Yina Gao, Han Feng, Songqing Liu, Qiuyao Jiang, Pengcheng Bu, Dong Li, Pu Gao","doi":"10.1093/procel/pwag024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/procel/pwag024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The innate immune sensor AIM2 detects cytosolic DNA and initiates inflammatory responses, yet its activation mechanism remains incompletely understood. Here, we show that AIM2 undergoes liquid-liquid phase separation upon DNA binding, forming dynamic condensates both in vitro and in cells. These condensates serve as platforms for inflammasome and PANoptosome assembly, promoting immune activation across multiple pathways. Direct structural determination from condensates reveals the assembly of active-form ASC filaments. Mechanistically, liquid-phase condensation is governed by multivalent interactions involving different AIM2 domains, including previously uncharacterized regions and species-specific elements. In vitro and in vivo assays show that mutants specifically disrupting condensation impair immune complex assembly, cell death initiation, antimicrobial defense, and intestinal homeostasis. Moreover, AIM2-DNA condensates function as regulatory hubs targeted by host- and pathogen-derived factors to balance immune homeostasis or facilitate immune evasion. These findings establish liquid-phase condensation as a fundamental mechanism of AIM2 activation and a potential therapeutic target.</p>","PeriodicalId":20790,"journal":{"name":"Protein & Cell","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":12.8,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147513994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}