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When you Like Other Algae: Adglutina synurophila gen. et sp. nov. (Moewusinia, Chlorophyceae), a Clingy Green Microalga Associated with Synura Colonies 当你喜欢其他藻类时:嗜尿Adglutina synurophila gen. et sp. 11 . (moewussinia，绿藻科)，一种与藻群相关的粘性绿色微藻

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125858

Dovilė Barcytė , Martin Pusztai , Pavel Škaloud , Marek Eliáš

{"title":"When you Like Other Algae: Adglutina synurophila gen. et sp. nov. (Moewusinia, Chlorophyceae), a Clingy Green Microalga Associated with Synura Colonies","authors":"Dovilė Barcytė , Martin Pusztai , Pavel Škaloud , Marek Eliáš","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125858","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125858","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Unicellular green biflagellates of the order Volvocales (Chlorophyceae, Chlorophyta) are common inhabitants of various types of habitats, and can also form peculiar interspecific relationships. Most of their morphological diversity has historically been assigned to the two prominent genera Chlamydomonas and Chloromonas. Ongoing reclassification of these algae, aided by molecular phylogenetics, has resulted in numerous newly proposed genera, but there are certainly brand-new taxa awaiting recognition. In this study, based on morphological and ultrastructural observations together with sequence data of the nuclear 18S and ITS2 rDNA and the plastid rbcL gene, we describe Adglutina synurophila gen. et sp. nov., a volvocalean biflagellate isolated from colonies of the golden-brown alga Synura petersenii (Chrysophyceae). Phylogenetic analyses placed Adglutina in the phylogroup Moewusinia as a sister lineage to the acidophilic “Chlamydomonas” species. It is characterised by having oval to broadly ellipsoidal cells with a low keel-shaped papilla and a cup-shaped chloroplast lacking a pyrenoid, but possessing a lateral eyespot of a variable position. The unique set of features, together with its Synura-loving nature, anchor Adglutina as a well distinguishable phylogenetic lineage within the Moewusinia. The novel alga has a widespread distribution; it has been found in three European countries to date.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 2","pages":"Article 125858"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43658148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Ultrastructure of Apocolpodidium etoschense (Ciliophora) and its Systematics Enlightenment for the Class Nassophorea 毛缕草的超微结构及其对毛缕草纲的系统学启示

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125867

Xiaoxi Zhang , Cuimin Sun , Zhiwei Gong , Rui Ma , Bing Ni , Xinpeng Fan

{"title":"Ultrastructure of Apocolpodidium etoschense (Ciliophora) and its Systematics Enlightenment for the Class Nassophorea","authors":"Xiaoxi Zhang , Cuimin Sun , Zhiwei Gong , Rui Ma , Bing Ni , Xinpeng Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125867","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125867","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The Class Nassophorea is not monophyletic with unsolved relationship of four orders, which calls for discussion to combine morphological features and molecular phylogeny. In the present study, the ultrastructure of Apocolpodidium etoschense in the order Colpodidiida is first studied. Comparisons between orders of Nassophorea were conducted and a discussion of systematics was performed based on a SSU rRNA gene-based phylogeny. The order Colpodidiida and Nassulida shared the following features: Two pairs of alveolocysts in the cortex, the presence of a ‘‘B-cartwheel’’ in the distal region of the kinetosome, the presence of cytostomal lamellae and subcytostomal lamellae in the cytopharyngeal basket, and spindle trichocysts with a simple tip. These similarities shape a core group of Nassophorea, which are morphologically and genetically different from the order Microthoracida. Consequently, Microthoracida should be regarded as an independent taxon rather than a member of Nassophorea. Within the core group of Nassophorea, Colpodidiida as an independent order is further validated by its delicate cytopharyngeal basket which lacks nematodesmal lamellae; while the non-monophyly of the order Nassulida might be explained by differentiation of the cartwheels in kinetosomes and the arrangement of kinetosomes with postciliary microtubules in the nassulid organelle 3 within its members.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 2","pages":"Article 125867"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40320270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

External pH Variations Modify Proliferation, Erythrophagocytosis, Cytoskeleton Remodeling, and Cell Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites 外部pH值变化改变了溶组织内阿米巴滋养体的增殖、红细胞吞噬、细胞骨架重塑和细胞形态

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125857

Sonia Cynthia Vanegas-Villa , Diana Milena Torres-Cifuentes , Lidia Baylon-Pacheco , Patricia Espíritu-Gordillo , Ángel Durán-Díaz , José Luis Rosales-Encina , Maritza Omaña-Molina

{"title":"External pH Variations Modify Proliferation, Erythrophagocytosis, Cytoskeleton Remodeling, and Cell Morphology of Entamoeba histolytica Trophozoites","authors":"Sonia Cynthia Vanegas-Villa , Diana Milena Torres-Cifuentes , Lidia Baylon-Pacheco , Patricia Espíritu-Gordillo , Ángel Durán-Díaz , José Luis Rosales-Encina , Maritza Omaña-Molina","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125857","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125857","url":null,"abstract":"<div>To infect the human host, Entamoeba histolytica carries out processes requiring cytoskeleton remodeling, which involves reorganizing the actin fibers. However, little is known about the external influence factors, e.g., the pH, on the parasite's cytoskeleton remodeling or cell morphology. Such influence becomes relevant given the pH gradient that the amoeba cope with when going through the human colonic mucus during infection. Therefore, we analyzed the proliferation, the reorganization of the actin fibers, and other actin structures and cell shape during adhesion to fibronectin and erythrophagocytosis in trophozoites at different external pH conditions (6.0, 6.5, 6.8, 7.5, 8.0). We found that the best condition of external pH to perform such functions was 6.8. At acid pH, the trophozoites presented better-defined actin fibers that formed a more compact network, while at alkaline pH, the fibers reorganized, forming a looser and less defined network. Similarly, the number of actin dots also changed from acid to alkaline pH. In conclusion, the external pH alters the proliferation of the amoebas and promotes the dynamic restructuration of their cytoskeleton, allowing them to carry out their functions.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 2","pages":"Article 125857"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39943692","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Diplonemids – A Review on "New" Flagellates on the Oceanic Block 双鞭毛虫——大洋板块“新”鞭毛虫综述

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125868

Daria Tashyreva , Alastair G.B. Simpson , Galina Prokopchuk , Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková , Anzhelika Butenko , Michael Hammond , Emma E. George , Olga Flegontova , Kristína Záhonová , Drahomíra Faktorová , Akinori Yabuki , Aleš Horák , Patrick J. Keeling , Julius Lukeš

{"title":"Diplonemids – A Review on \"New\" Flagellates on the Oceanic Block","authors":"Daria Tashyreva , Alastair G.B. Simpson , Galina Prokopchuk , Ingrid Škodová-Sveráková , Anzhelika Butenko , Michael Hammond , Emma E. George , Olga Flegontova , Kristína Záhonová , Drahomíra Faktorová , Akinori Yabuki , Aleš Horák , Patrick J. Keeling , Julius Lukeš","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125868","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2022.125868","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Diplonemids are a group of flagellate protists, that belong to the phylum Euglenozoa alongside euglenids, symbiontids and kinetoplastids. They primarily inhabit marine environments, though are also found in freshwater lakes. Diplonemids have been considered as rare and unimportant eukaryotes for over a century, with only a handful of species described until recently. However, thanks to their unprecedented diversity and abundance in the world oceans, diplonemids now attract increased attention. Recent improvements in isolation and cultivation have enabled characterization of several new genera, warranting a re-examination of all available knowledge gathered so far. Here we summarize available data on diplonemids, focusing on the recent advances in the fields of diversity, ecology, genomics, metabolism, and endosymbionts. We illustrate the life stages of cultivated genera, and summarise all reported interspecies associations, which in turn suggest lifestyles of predation and parasitism. This review also includes the latest classification of diplonemids, with a taxonomic revision of the genus Diplonema. Ongoing efforts to sequence various diplonemids suggest the presence of large and complex genomes, which correlate with the metabolic versatility observed in the model species Paradiplonema papillatum. Finally, we highlight its successful transformation into one of few genetically tractable marine protists.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 2","pages":"Article 125868"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41600982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

25 Years of Protist 25年的原生动物

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2022.125856

Michael Melkonian

引用次数: 0

Effects of Copper and the Insecticide Cypermethrin on a Soil Ciliate (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Community 铜与杀虫剂氯氰菊酯对土壤纤毛虫群落的影响

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125855

Hai T.T. Luu , Genoveva F. Esteban, Andrew A. Butt, Iain D. Green

{"title":"Effects of Copper and the Insecticide Cypermethrin on a Soil Ciliate (Protozoa: Ciliophora) Community","authors":"Hai T.T. Luu , Genoveva F. Esteban, Andrew A. Butt, Iain D. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125855","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125855","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Ciliated protozoa play important ecological roles in soils, yet few studies have investigated the effect of soil pollution on them. We determined the effect of copper (Cu) and cypermethrin on a soil ciliate community under microcosm conditions. Soils were treated with Cu or cypermethrin and the abundance and species richness of ciliates determined 15 days later. Cu treatment increased soil ciliates abundance at the highest concentration (960 mg kg−1), as did cypermethrin at a treatment of 160 mg kg−1. No negative effect on ciliate abundance was found for either substance due to increased numbers of tolerant species, particularly Homalogastra setosa and Chilodonella uncinata in the case of Cu and Colpoda stenii and Colpoda inflata for cypermethrin treatments. However, several species were absent at high treatment levels. Notably, Halteria grandinella was not found in Cu treatments above 240 mg kg−1, whilst Oxytricha setigera was not found in cypermethrin treatments above 160 mg kg−1. For Homalogastra setosa, there was an initial positive response to cypermethrin, but abundance then decreased at a treatment of 320 mg kg−1, and treatment at 640 mg kg−1 eradicated the species from the microcosms. Accordingly, both substances affected the structure of the soil ciliate community at high concentrations.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 1","pages":"Article 125855"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39884940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Examining the Relationship Between the Testate Amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Arcellinida, Amoebozoa) and its Associated Intracellular Microalgae Using Molecular and Microscopic Methods 用分子和显微方法研究睾丸阿米巴透明蝶蝶(Arcellinida, Amoebozoa)与相关细胞内微藻的关系

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125853

Agnes K.M. Weiner , Billie Cullison , Shailesh V. Date , Tomáš Tyml , Jean-Marie Volland , Tanja Woyke , Laura A. Katz , Robin S. Sleith

{"title":"Examining the Relationship Between the Testate Amoeba Hyalosphenia papilio (Arcellinida, Amoebozoa) and its Associated Intracellular Microalgae Using Molecular and Microscopic Methods","authors":"Agnes K.M. Weiner , Billie Cullison , Shailesh V. Date , Tomáš Tyml , Jean-Marie Volland , Tanja Woyke , Laura A. Katz , Robin S. Sleith","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125853","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125853","url":null,"abstract":"<div>Symbiotic relationships between heterotrophic and phototrophic partners are common in microbial eukaryotes. Among Arcellinida (Amoebozoa) several species are associated with microalgae of the genus Chlorella (Archaeplastida). So far, these symbioses were assumed to be stable and mutualistic, yet details of the interactions are limited. Here, we analyzed 22 single-cell transcriptomes and 36 partially-sequenced genomes of the Arcellinida morphospecies Hyalosphenia papilio, which contains Chlorella algae, to shed light on the amoeba-algae association. By characterizing the genetic diversity of associated Chlorella, we detected two distinct clades that can be linked to host genetic diversity, yet at the same time show a biogeographic signal across sampling sites. Fluorescence and transmission electron microscopy showed the presence of intact algae cells within the amoeba cell. Yet analysis of transcriptome data suggested that the algal nuclei are inactive, implying that instead of a stable, mutualistic relationship, the algae may be temporarily exploited for photosynthetic activity before being digested. Differences in gene expression of H. papilio and Hyalosphenia elegans demonstrated increased expression of genes related to oxidative stress. Together, our analyses increase knowledge of this host-symbiont association and reveal 1) higher diversity of associated algae than previously characterized, 2) a transient association between H. papilio and Chlorella with unclear benefits for the algae, 3) algal-induced gene expression changes in the host.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 1","pages":"Article 125853"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10588285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Acknowledgment of Protist Reviewers 2021 原生审稿人致谢2021

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/S1434-4610(22)00010-4

引用次数: 0

The Vampyrellid Amoebae (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria) 吸血鬼Amoebae（吸血鬼，Rhizaria）。

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2022-02-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125854

Sebastian Hess, Andreas Suthaus

{"title":"The Vampyrellid Amoebae (Vampyrellida, Rhizaria)","authors":"Sebastian Hess, Andreas Suthaus","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125854","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2021.125854","url":null,"abstract":"<div>The Vampyrellida (Endomyxa, Rhizaria) is a group of free-living, predatory amoebae, which is most closely related to the Phytomyxea (plasmodiophorids and phagomyxids). It encompasses about 50 credibly described species that have a characteristic life history with the regular alternation of trophic amoebae and immobile digestive cysts. All known vampyrellid amoebae are naked and filose, but the different species display a broad morphological variety. Vampyrellids also vary greatly in their feeding habits, and range from generalist predators to specialized ‘protoplast feeders’ that exclusively feed on the cell contents of eukaryotic prey. They can be found in freshwater, soil and marine habitats, and appear to be globally distributed. Yet, the phenotypic diversity and ecological roles of the Vampyrellida are still poorly explored. Currently, there are eight well-recognized subclades that comprise four families (Vampyrellidae, Leptophryidae, Placopodidae and Sericomyxidae) as well as some lineages without any phenotypic information. Research on vampyrellids is challenging due to their cryptic occurrence in nature, intricate feeding habits that complicate cultivation, and a convoluted taxonomic history. Here, we review available information about cell structure, diversity, ecology, taxonomy and phylogenetics, and provide an up-to-date introduction to the Vampyrellida that may facilitate future research.</div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"173 1","pages":"Article 125854"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143446102100064X/pdfft?md5=3ab2289f5f7b00caaee3160546d156a2&pid=1-s2.0-S143446102100064X-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39869326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

The Draft Genome of the Centric Diatom Conticribra weissflogii (Coscinodiscophyceae, Ochrophyta) 中心硅藻Conticribra weissflogii基因组草图(cosciinodiscophyae, ochrophyia)

IF 2.5 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2021-10-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2021.125845

Linzhou Li , Hongli Wang , Sibo Wang , Yan Xu , Hongping Liang , Huan Liu , Eva C. Sonnenschein

引用次数: 2