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Soil ciliates' response to glyphosate exposure: A microcosm experiment 土壤纤毛虫对草甘膦暴露的反应：一个微观实验

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-07-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126112

Hai T.T. Luu , Genoveva F. Esteban , Iain D. Green

{"title":"Soil ciliates' response to glyphosate exposure: A microcosm experiment","authors":"Hai T.T. Luu , Genoveva F. Esteban , Iain D. Green","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126112","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126112","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The widespread use of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, in agriculture raises concerns about its impact on non-target organisms and ecosystem functions. Research on glyphosate's effect on soil microorganisms has been inconsistent due to varying methodologies and focuses. To address this, a controlled microcosm study was conducted to investigate glyphosate's impact on soil ciliates, an essential component of soil microbial communities. This study is among the first to examine glyphosate impact on ciliates. The experiment used agricultural soil with glyphosate applied at standard and elevated rates. Ciliate abundance and species richness were monitored in the microcosms at 1-, 7-, and 15-days post-application. Soil ciliates showed remarkable tolerance to glyphosate at standard application rates, with a notable increase in abundance after 15 days, primarily driven by one species' proliferation. This study demonstrates the resilience of ciliate communities to standard glyphosate rates, suggesting their crucial role in maintaining soil functionality in the presence of the herbicide. However, it also highlights potential ecological risks at higher glyphosate concentrations, as evidenced by the loss of ciliate species at the highest rates tested. These findings contribute to our understanding of glyphosate's impact on soil ecosystems and highlights the importance of further research in this area.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 126112"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The apparently misunderstood Didinium Gargantua of Alphonse Meunier 显然被误解的阿尔方斯·穆尼耶的巨型Didinium

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-06-24 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126111

John R. Dolan

{"title":"The apparently misunderstood Didinium Gargantua of Alphonse Meunier","authors":"John R. Dolan","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126111","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126111","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span><span>Meunier's, 1910</span></span> “<em>Microplankton des Mers de Barents et de Kara</em>” was the first monographic treatment of protists of the arctic plankton, and it contained many descriptions of new species of a variety of taxa. Among the most conspicuous was the ciliate <em>Didinium Garantua</em>, named with a capital G, corresponding with the title character, the gluttonous giant, of Rabelais' 1534 novel, <em>Gargantua</em>, a classic of French literature. Meunier described <em>D. gargantua</em> at length in the text as a large voracious predator, and devoted many figures to it. As of today, it has been reported from a surprising diversity of marine and estuarine ecosystems, for example, from Antarctic sea-ice, to the Gulf of Mexico, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Caspian Sea. However, most reports concern specimens of sizes considerably smaller than most of those depicted by Meunier, and cite no taxonomic authorities for ciliate identifications, suggesting that many researchers may be unfamiliar <span><span>Meunier's, 1910</span></span> monograph, thus with the ‘gargantuan' nature of his <em>D. gargantua</em>. Here, a brief biography of Meunier is given first, followed by a description of his 1910 monograph, and then a summary of his text, and some of his remarkable figures of <em>D. gargantua</em> are presented. Finally, subsequent reports of the occurrence of <em>D. gargantua</em> are reviewed, and it is suggested that many concern a species distinct from <em>D. gargantua</em>, as there are large differences in size and shapes compared to Meunier's species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 126111"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144571291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphology and ultrastructure of marine bacterivorous bicosoecid Hirugamonas aperieos gen. et sp. nov. 海洋嗜菌生物鱿鱼的形态和超微结构。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126104

Tatsuya Kishikami, Marina Ota, Kasumi Ishida, Kazumasa Yamada, Takafumi Kataoka

{"title":"Morphology and ultrastructure of marine bacterivorous bicosoecid Hirugamonas aperieos gen. et sp. nov.","authors":"Tatsuya Kishikami, Marina Ota, Kasumi Ishida, Kazumasa Yamada, Takafumi Kataoka","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126104","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126104","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Heterotrophic nanoflagellates (HNF) are recognized as active bacterivores in marine environments. We report the isolation and culture of a strain of HNF obtained from the seawater of Lake Hiruga. The organism has two flagella of different length, a long anterior flagellum with tripartite mastigonemes and a short smooth posterior flagellum; a spiral fiber was observed in the transition zone of the flagella. The spherical or D-shaped cell has a groove with one stretchable edge and is supported by 6–8 microtubule bundle that extends from the basal bodies and forms a cytostome. Additionally, the isolate lacked lorica, body scales, cytopharynx, or acronematic structure of flagella, and thus it could not be assigned to any known genera in the order Bicosoecida. Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences from Bicosoecida confirmed an independent clade at the genus level with the closest relative genus being <em>Bicosoeca</em>. The optimal salinity and temperature ranges for growth was 21 %–30 % and 25–31 °C, respectively, indicating a marine mesophilic HNF. Thus, based on the morphological features and phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences, we propose a novel genus for the isolate: <em>Hirugamonas</em>, n. gen. The species name <em>Hirugamonas aperieos</em> sp. nov. is proposed.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"178 ","pages":"Article 126104"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144280907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Piercing the veil: A novel amoebozoan (Janelia veilia n. gen. n. sp.) reveals deep clades within Discosea through phylogenomics 揭开面纱：一种新的变形虫（Janelia veilia n. gen. n. sp.）通过系统基因组学揭示了Discosea内部的深层分支

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-05-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126103

Robert E. Jones , Quentin Blandenier , Felicity Kleitz-Singleton , Tristan C. Henderson , Nicholas W. Fry , Idan Banson , Jonah Nguyen , Alexander K. Tice , Matthew W. Brown

{"title":"Piercing the veil: A novel amoebozoan (Janelia veilia n. gen. n. sp.) reveals deep clades within Discosea through phylogenomics","authors":"Robert E. Jones , Quentin Blandenier , Felicity Kleitz-Singleton , Tristan C. Henderson , Nicholas W. Fry , Idan Banson , Jonah Nguyen , Alexander K. Tice , Matthew W. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three major groups of primarily amoeboid taxa are present across Amoebozoa: Discosea, Evosea, and Tubulinea. While each of these groups were thought to have morphologically unique traits and members, the morphologic boundaries between each group have recently blurred. For example, it is demonstrated that several taxa in each group display monopodial limax amoebae, a characteristic most often associated with Tubulinea. Here we describe a novel discosean amoeba isolated from a freshwater pond, <em>Janelia veilia</em> n. gen. n. sp. Its cells have variable morphologies, but often display monopodial limax amoebae, with a unique trailing structure that appears to be derived from cellular material. In some cases, cells have conical pseudopodia or pointed pseudopodia. Using phylogenomics, we find that this taxon branches as sister to the recently described discosean <em>Mycamoeba gemmipara</em> and the sporocarpic protosteloid amoeba <em>Microglomus paxillus</em>, forming an order-level group we term Mycamoebida. Mycamoebida is fully supported as sister to Dermamoebida, together forming a subclass we term Dermelia. SSU rRNA phylogenies show that <em>Janelia veilia</em> n. gen. n. sp. is molecularly unique from any known organism, but branches with high support in a clade containing <em>Mycamoeba gemmipara</em> and several environmental sequences suggesting a larger diverse clade within Discosea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Transcriptomic analyses reveal sexual cues in reproductive life stages of uncultivated Acantharia (Radiolaria) 转录组学分析揭示了未栽培棘虫（Radiolaria）生殖阶段的性暗示

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-04-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126102

Iris Rizos , Sarah Romac , Caroline Juery , Charlotte Berthelier , Johan Decelle , Juliana Bernardes , Erwan Corre , Lucie Bittner , Fabrice Not

{"title":"Transcriptomic analyses reveal sexual cues in reproductive life stages of uncultivated Acantharia (Radiolaria)","authors":"Iris Rizos , Sarah Romac , Caroline Juery , Charlotte Berthelier , Johan Decelle , Juliana Bernardes , Erwan Corre , Lucie Bittner , Fabrice Not","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126102","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126102","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to reproduce is a key process for the perpetuation of organisms. Along the evolution of protist reproductive strategies, the molecular machinery of sexual recombination is estimated to have been inherited from the last eukaryotic common ancestor (LECA). Unraveling the sexual cycles of free-living protists remains challenging, given the enigmatic roles of many uncultivated life stages. For the planktonic group of Acantharia (Radiolaria), a hypothetical sexual cycle has been proposed since the late 19th century, including a gamete-like stage, referred to as swarmers. In order to investigate the sexual nature of acantharian reproductive stages, we compared transcriptomes of various acantharian life stages. Our results show distinct functional profiles for reproductive and vegetative stages, while revealing the expression of the gamete fusion genes, HAP2/GCS1 and KAR5-GEX1-BMB in swarmers. Annotation of differentially expressed life stage-specific genes, also highlighted putative meiosis-related functions among pre-swarmer and swarmer stages, while suggesting the existence of a putative zygotic stage. This original life stage-specific genetic data is coherent with morphological evidence supporting the acantharian sexual cycle, with swarmers acting as gametes. Moreover, it paves the way for a deeper understanding of radiolarian cell biology and ecology at a single-cell scale.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126102"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143928096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Unveiling the remarkable diversity of the genus Hypotrichomonas (Parabasalia: Hypotrichomonadidae) in cockroaches (Blattodea, excluding Isoptera) 揭示蟑螂（小蠊总目，不包括等翅目）中滴虫属（副滴虫目：滴虫科）的显著多样性

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-04-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126100

Michael Kotyk , Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová , Pavla Hrubá , Ivan Čepička

{"title":"Unveiling the remarkable diversity of the genus Hypotrichomonas (Parabasalia: Hypotrichomonadidae) in cockroaches (Blattodea, excluding Isoptera)","authors":"Michael Kotyk , Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová , Pavla Hrubá , Ivan Čepička","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parabasalid hindgut symbionts of the xylophagous Isoptera/<em>Cryptocercus</em> lineage (Blattodea: Blattoidea) have been attracting the interest of biologists for decades. However, the parabasalids from other cockroaches (Blattodea excluding Isoptera) remain largely unstudied. The genus <em>Hypotrichomonas</em>, along with genus <em>Trichomitus</em>, belongs to the small parabasalid order Hypotrichomonadida. So far, ten valid <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> species have been described from animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here we have uncovered an extensive diversity of this genus in cockroaches. We have obtained 72 isolates from 41 cockroach species and one from a water-filled tree hole. Using a combination of light-microscopic morphology of protargol-stained cells, scanning electron microscopy, and a phylogenetic analysis of SSU rRNA gene, we show that our strains represent multiple novel <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> species, and we formally describe seven of them. Our data show that the evolutionary center of the genus likely lies in cockroaches. Moreover, the new evolutionary lineages of <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> from cockroaches show a high degree of host specificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A novel free-living endomyxan flagellate Viscidocauda repens gen. Nov., sp. nov 一种新的自由生活的内生鞭毛软尾纲动物，repens gen. Nov., sp. Nov.

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126101

Takashi Shiratori, Ken-ichiro Ishida

引用次数: 0

Morphology and phylogeny of Prorocentrum venetum Tolomio & Cavolo (Dinophyceae) 龙足科原中央兽类的形态与系统发育

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-04-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126099

Daniel Grzebyk , Mona Hoppenrath , Urban Tillmann

{"title":"Morphology and phylogeny of Prorocentrum venetum Tolomio & Cavolo (Dinophyceae)","authors":"Daniel Grzebyk , Mona Hoppenrath , Urban Tillmann","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Prorocentrum venetum</em> was one of the first species of the genus <em>Prorocentrum</em> described by scanning electron microscopy by Tolomio and Cavolo in 1985. Since the first observation of the species in the Venice Lagoon (Italy) in summer 1981, it has not been reported again in published phytoplankton records of Mediterranean waters or elsewhere. Two strains were isolated from a French Mediterranean lagoon, which were morphologically identified as <em>P. venetum</em> by microscopy. Based on rDNA sequences (spanning the 18S to the D3 region of 28S rDNA), the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that <em>P. venetum</em> belongs to the same clade as <em>Prorocentrum triestinum</em> and <em>Prorocentrum redfieldii</em>. The analysis of scanning electron micrographs provided an in-depth morphological description of the theca, particularly on the pore pattern of thecal plates and new structural details of the platelets in the periflagellar area. These morphological characteristics were compared with the closely related species within the <em>P. triestinum</em> clade, which showed synapomorphic characters in the periflagellar area (small accessory pore, platelet pattern, shape of the apical wing). Further comparison of characteristics varying between species in this clade and in the sister clade encompassing species related to <em>Prorocentrum micans</em> suggests some features of morphological evolution within this part of the genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphology and taxonomy of a new species of a rare genus Paracolpidium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea), P. harbinense sp. nov. from Northeast China 东北疏膜蜂属一新种的形态与分类

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126097

Xiang Wang , Bailin Li , Jiarui Wang, Xiaosong Wang, Jialu Wang, Xuming Pan

引用次数: 0

Alexandrium minutum strains from a recombinant cross show correlated allelopathic activity against the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri and the parasite Amoebophrya sp., independent of PST toxicity. 重组杂交的微小亚历山大菌菌株对硅藻毛囊毛藻和寄生虫变形虫具有相关的化感作用，与PST毒性无关。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-03-19 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126098

Lou Mary , Marie Latimier , Joelle Serghine , Julien Quere , Véronique Savar , Sébastien Artigaud , Damien Réveillon , Mickael Le Gac , Cécile Jauzein , Hélène Hégaret

{"title":"Alexandrium minutum strains from a recombinant cross show correlated allelopathic activity against the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri and the parasite Amoebophrya sp., independent of PST toxicity.","authors":"Lou Mary , Marie Latimier , Joelle Serghine , Julien Quere , Véronique Savar , Sébastien Artigaud , Damien Réveillon , Mickael Le Gac , Cécile Jauzein , Hélène Hégaret","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinoflagellates of the genus <em>Alexandrium</em> can produce bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) responsible for a wide range of effects on many organisms. These compounds are poorly characterized within the genus <em>Alexandrium</em>. The transmission of the allelopathic phenotype within the recombinant progeny in dinoflagellates has not been documented either. This study investigated the effects of these allelochemicals produced by two parental strains of the dinoflagellate <em>Alexandrium minutum</em> and their 14 recombinant progeny against two targets, the diatom <em>Chaetoceros muelleri</em> and the dinoflagellate parasite <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp.. Analyses by flow cytometry on proxy parameters of cell physiology revealed that the allelochemicals produced by 15 out of 16 strains appear to induce deleterious effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of <em>C. muelleri</em> as well as on cell size. The cell membranes of <em>C. muelleri</em> were also damaged by the filtrate of 9 strains. Finally, the allelochemicals of 8 <em>A. minutum</em> strains seem to have a deleterious effect on the cell membranes of <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp. dinospore. The deleterious effects against the two targets were correlated. However, they were not correlated with pH, cell size, or paralytic shellfish toxin content. Overall, our results suggest that 1) among the allelochemicals produced by <em>A. minutum</em>, some would have an effect on the same molecular targets in both <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp. and in <em>C. muelleri</em>, 2) specific metabolite production of each strain was responsible for the range of effects observed and 3) the heritability of allelochemical production in <em>A. minutum</em> may involve several genetic loci.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0