Protist最新文献

{"title":"Piercing the veil: A novel amoebozoan (Janelia veilia n. gen. n. sp.) reveals deep clades within Discosea through phylogenomics","authors":"Robert E. Jones ,&nbsp;Quentin Blandenier ,&nbsp;Felicity Kleitz-Singleton ,&nbsp;Tristan C. Henderson ,&nbsp;Nicholas W. Fry ,&nbsp;Idan Banson ,&nbsp;Jonah Nguyen ,&nbsp;Alexander K. Tice ,&nbsp;Matthew W. Brown","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126103","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126103","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Three major groups of primarily amoeboid taxa are present across Amoebozoa: Discosea, Evosea, and Tubulinea. While each of these groups were thought to have morphologically unique traits and members, the morphologic boundaries between each group have recently blurred. For example, it is demonstrated that several taxa in each group display monopodial limax amoebae, a characteristic most often associated with Tubulinea. Here we describe a novel discosean amoeba isolated from a freshwater pond, <em>Janelia veilia</em> n. gen. n. sp. Its cells have variable morphologies, but often display monopodial limax amoebae, with a unique trailing structure that appears to be derived from cellular material. In some cases, cells have conical pseudopodia or pointed pseudopodia. Using phylogenomics, we find that this taxon branches as sister to the recently described discosean <em>Mycamoeba gemmipara</em> and the sporocarpic protosteloid amoeba <em>Microglomus paxillus</em>, forming an order-level group we term Mycamoebida. Mycamoebida is fully supported as sister to Dermamoebida, together forming a subclass we term Dermelia. SSU rRNA phylogenies show that <em>Janelia veilia</em> n. gen. n. sp. is molecularly unique from any known organism, but branches with high support in a clade containing <em>Mycamoeba gemmipara</em> and several environmental sequences suggesting a larger diverse clade within Discosea.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143906538","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unveiling the remarkable diversity of the genus Hypotrichomonas (Parabasalia: Hypotrichomonadidae) in cockroaches (Blattodea, excluding Isoptera)","authors":"Michael Kotyk ,&nbsp;Zuzana Kotyková Varadínová ,&nbsp;Pavla Hrubá ,&nbsp;Ivan Čepička","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126100","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126100","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Parabasalid hindgut symbionts of the xylophagous Isoptera/<em>Cryptocercus</em> lineage (Blattodea: Blattoidea) have been attracting the interest of biologists for decades. However, the parabasalids from other cockroaches (Blattodea excluding Isoptera) remain largely unstudied. The genus <em>Hypotrichomonas</em>, along with genus <em>Trichomitus</em>, belongs to the small parabasalid order Hypotrichomonadida. So far, ten valid <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> species have been described from animals, both vertebrates and invertebrates. Here we have uncovered an extensive diversity of this genus in cockroaches. We have obtained 72 isolates from 41 cockroach species and one from a water-filled tree hole. Using a combination of light-microscopic morphology of protargol-stained cells, scanning electron microscopy, and a phylogenetic analysis of SSU rRNA gene, we show that our strains represent multiple novel <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> species, and we formally describe seven of them. Our data show that the evolutionary center of the genus likely lies in cockroaches. Moreover, the new evolutionary lineages of <em>Hypotrichomonas</em> from cockroaches show a high degree of host specificity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126100"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143851526","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A novel free-living endomyxan flagellate Viscidocauda repens gen. Nov., sp. nov","authors":"Takashi Shiratori,&nbsp;Ken-ichiro Ishida","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126101","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126101","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Endomyxa comprises a diverse group of protists, including free-living amoebae and parasites, that infect various hosts. In this study, we report a new free-living amoeboflagellate, <em>Viscidocauda repens</em> gen. Nov., sp. nov., isolated from seawater near Hachijojima Island, Japan. <em>V. repens</em> is a gliding bacterivorous biflagellate and occasionally extends pseudopodia from its posterior end. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences places <em>V. repens</em> as sister lineage to a clade comprising the endomyxan Ascetosporea and Gromiidea. Ultrastructural observations revealed that <em>V. repens</em> has four microtubular roots (R1–R4), but lacks vp2, a unique microtubular band widely distributed among cercozoan flagellates. Based on its morphology, ultrastructure, and phylogenetic position, we propose <em>V. repens</em> as a new genus and species within Endomyxa.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126101"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143838655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and phylogeny of Prorocentrum venetum Tolomio & Cavolo (Dinophyceae)","authors":"Daniel Grzebyk ,&nbsp;Mona Hoppenrath ,&nbsp;Urban Tillmann","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126099","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126099","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Prorocentrum venetum</em> was one of the first species of the genus <em>Prorocentrum</em> described by scanning electron microscopy by Tolomio and Cavolo in 1985. Since the first observation of the species in the Venice Lagoon (Italy) in summer 1981, it has not been reported again in published phytoplankton records of Mediterranean waters or elsewhere. Two strains were isolated from a French Mediterranean lagoon, which were morphologically identified as <em>P. venetum</em> by microscopy. Based on rDNA sequences (spanning the 18S to the D3 region of 28S rDNA), the phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that <em>P. venetum</em> belongs to the same clade as <em>Prorocentrum triestinum</em> and <em>Prorocentrum redfieldii</em>. The analysis of scanning electron micrographs provided an in-depth morphological description of the theca, particularly on the pore pattern of thecal plates and new structural details of the platelets in the periflagellar area. These morphological characteristics were compared with the closely related species within the <em>P. triestinum</em> clade, which showed synapomorphic characters in the periflagellar area (small accessory pore, platelet pattern, shape of the apical wing). Further comparison of characteristics varying between species in this clade and in the sister clade encompassing species related to <em>Prorocentrum micans</em> suggests some features of morphological evolution within this part of the genus.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126099"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143834537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Morphology and taxonomy of a new species of a rare genus Paracolpidium (Ciliophora, Oligohymenophorea), P. harbinense sp. nov. from Northeast China","authors":"Xiang Wang ,&nbsp;Bailin Li ,&nbsp;Jiarui Wang,&nbsp;Xiaosong Wang,&nbsp;Jialu Wang,&nbsp;Xuming Pan","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126097","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126097","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The morphology and ciliary pattern of a new hymenostomatid ciliate, <em>Paracolpidium harbinense</em> sp. nov., collected from the Songhua River, northeast China, was investigated based on living observation and silver staining. <em>Paracolpidium harbinense</em> sp. nov. is characterized by the following features: body size in vivo about 47–56 μm × 17–26 μm in vivo; cell shape ovate with silghtly curved anterior body end; buccal field about 17 % of body length; 18–20 somatic kineties; oral ciliature consisting of a single paroral membrane and three adoral membranelles; macronucleus globular and accompanied by a single micronucleus; silverline system composed of primary meridians. Phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene sequences suggest the genus <em>Paracolpidium</em> is closely related to <em>Dexiostoma</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126097"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143715228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Alexandrium minutum strains from a recombinant cross show correlated allelopathic activity against the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri and the parasite Amoebophrya sp., independent of PST toxicity.","authors":"Lou Mary ,&nbsp;Marie Latimier ,&nbsp;Joelle Serghine ,&nbsp;Julien Quere ,&nbsp;Véronique Savar ,&nbsp;Sébastien Artigaud ,&nbsp;Damien Réveillon ,&nbsp;Mickael Le Gac ,&nbsp;Cécile Jauzein ,&nbsp;Hélène Hégaret","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126098","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126098","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Dinoflagellates of the genus <em>Alexandrium</em> can produce bioactive extracellular compounds (BECs) responsible for a wide range of effects on many organisms. These compounds are poorly characterized within the genus <em>Alexandrium</em>. The transmission of the allelopathic phenotype within the recombinant progeny in dinoflagellates has not been documented either. This study investigated the effects of these allelochemicals produced by two parental strains of the dinoflagellate <em>Alexandrium minutum</em> and their 14 recombinant progeny against two targets, the diatom <em>Chaetoceros muelleri</em> and the dinoflagellate parasite <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp.. Analyses by flow cytometry on proxy parameters of cell physiology revealed that the allelochemicals produced by 15 out of 16 strains appear to induce deleterious effects on the photosynthetic apparatus of <em>C. muelleri</em> as well as on cell size. The cell membranes of <em>C. muelleri</em> were also damaged by the filtrate of 9 strains. Finally, the allelochemicals of 8 <em>A. minutum</em> strains seem to have a deleterious effect on the cell membranes of <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp. dinospore. The deleterious effects against the two targets were correlated. However, they were not correlated with pH, cell size, or paralytic shellfish toxin content. Overall, our results suggest that 1) among the allelochemicals produced by <em>A. minutum</em>, some would have an effect on the same molecular targets in both <em>Amoebophrya</em> sp. and in <em>C. muelleri</em>, 2) specific metabolite production of each strain was responsible for the range of effects observed and 3) the heritability of allelochemical production in <em>A. minutum</em> may involve several genetic loci.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126098"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143746638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Description of new diplonemids (Diplonemea, Euglenozoa) and their endosymbionts: Charting the morphological diversity of these poorly known heterotrophic flagellates","authors":"Daria Tashyreva ,&nbsp;Jan Votýpka ,&nbsp;Akinori Yabuki ,&nbsp;Aleš Horák ,&nbsp;Julius Lukeš","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126090","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126090","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Diplonemids are a hyperdiverse group of flagellated protists, but with less than two dozen formally described representatives. Here, we describe four new species of cultured diplonemids, identified on the basis of their 18S rRNA sequences, light-, fluorescence-, scanning- and transmission electron microscopy. Three new species belong to the genus <em>Rhynchopus</em> (<em>R. asiaticus</em> sp.n.<em>, R. granulatus</em> sp.n., and <em>R. valaseki</em> sp.n.), while the fourth species is an unusual representative of the genus <em>Lacrimia</em> (<em>L. aflagellata</em> sp.n.). The latter organism is the first diplonemid outside the genus <em>Rhynchopus</em> (as defined previously) to show a gliding trophic stage with flagellar stubs concealed inside the flagellar pocket and a highly motile dispersive swimming stage. Since this character is thus no longer a genus-specific apomorphy, we provide a taxonomic revision of the genus <em>Rhynchopus</em> with separation of the new genus <em>Natarhynchopus</em> gen. n<em>.</em> We also identify bacterial endosymbionts of <em>L</em>. <em>aflagellata</em> and <em>R. asiaticus</em> as <em>Ca</em>. Syngnamydia medusae (<em>Chlamydiales</em>, <em>Simkaniaceae</em>) and Ca. Cytomitobacter rhynchopi sp. n. (<em>Alphaproteobacteria</em>, <em>Holosporaceae</em>), respectively, and discuss their potential functions. This is the first report of a chlamydial symbiont within a diplonemid host. We also propose that diplonemids may serve as vectors for chlamydial pathogens of marine fish.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"177 ","pages":"Article 126090"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143488035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The enigmatic genus Malacophrys Kahl, 1926 (Ciliophora: Intramacronucleata) belongs to the class Oligohymenophorea","authors":"William Bourland,&nbsp;Ivan Čepička","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126089","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126089","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ciliate genus <em>Malacophrys</em> has been incertae sedis for more than 50 years in what is now subphylum Intramacronucleata, provisionally assigned to three different classes by various authors. Of the three species included in the genus, <em>M. sphagni</em> and the type species, <em>Malacophrys rotans</em>, have not been studied by modern methods and <em>M. viridis</em>, although morphologically well-described, lacks molecular characterization. We identified two freshwater ciliates as morphologically consistent with two members of <em>Malacophrys</em>, namely <em>M. rotans</em> and <em>M. viridis</em>. We studied one population of <em>M. rotans</em>, using in vivo observation and silver carbonate and silver nitrate impregnation, and two populations of <em>M. viridis</em>, using in vivo observation, silver carbonate impregnation, and 18S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses strongly support the position of <em>M. viridis</em> in the class Oligohymenophorea. Morphologic features suggest <em>Malacophrys rotans</em> belongs to order Tetrahymenida, but a confident phylogenetic assignment awaits its molecular sequencing. Differences between their oral structures and silverline patterns indicate that <em>M. rotans</em> and <em>M. viridis</em> likely belong to different genera. A formal separation at the genus level awaits molecular characterization of the type species, <em>M. rotans</em>.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 126089"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143444486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of the encystment-inducing activity of extracellular fluid from encysting vegetative cells in the terrestrial ciliated protozoa Colpoda cucullus","authors":"Yuto Shimada ,&nbsp;Arisa Momota ,&nbsp;Ayumu Onda ,&nbsp;Mikihiko Arikawa","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126088","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126088","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The terrestrial ciliated protozoan <em>Colpoda cucullus</em> transforms into a dehydration-resistant cyst upon sensing adverse signals. Recently, we identified a pheromone secreted by encysting vegetative cells of <em>C. cucullus</em>, termed “encystment-inducing pheromone” (EnIP), and characterized its properties. Overpopulated vegetative cells spontaneously encysted in ion-free ultrapure water without external stimuli. The external solution of encysting cells markedly induced encystment in vegetative cells under low cell density conditions, suggesting that EnIP, secreted by encysting cells into the external solution, induced encystment in vegetative cells. Further investigations revealed the following properties of EnIP: 1) EnIP retains encystment-inducing activity even in the presence of EGTA. 2) EnIP exhibits a concentration-dependent encystment effect. 3) EnIP is released within hours at high cell density. 4) EnIP is released by exocytosis. 5) EnIP loses its activity after 1–2 days. 6) EnIP is inactivated by heating and treatment with proteolytic enzymes. 7) The nominal molecular weight of EnIP was estimated to range between 10 and 100 kDa. These findings lead to the conclusion that encystment-induced <em>C. cucullus</em> vegetative cells secrete EnIP, a protein pheromone, with encystment-inducing activity for other cells. This study contributes to understanding microbial communication and reveals a novel mechanism for protist survival in harsh environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 126088"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143436443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The protist symbionts of Reticulitermes tibialis: Unexpected diversity enables a new taxonomic framework","authors":"Nicole L. Coots,&nbsp;Daniel E. Jasso-Selles,&nbsp;Kali L. Swichtenberg,&nbsp;Serena G. Aguilar,&nbsp;LeAnn Nguyen,&nbsp;Piper G. Sidles,&nbsp;Cindy Woo,&nbsp;Harrison M. Smith,&nbsp;Bailey J. Bresee,&nbsp;Amir A. Abboud,&nbsp;Tala Abd Al Rahman,&nbsp;Ritika Anand,&nbsp;Sergio R. Avalle,&nbsp;Anuvi Batra,&nbsp;Mackenzie A. Brown,&nbsp;Hilary Camacho Ruelas,&nbsp;Alfanarely Fajardo Chavez,&nbsp;Campbell N. Gallegos,&nbsp;Amalia Grambs,&nbsp;D. Armaan Hernández,&nbsp;Gillian H. Gile","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126087","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126087","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wood-feeding termites harbor specialized protists in their hindguts in a classic nutritional mutualism. The protists are vertically inherited, which has generated a broad-scale pattern of codiversification over ∼150 million years, but there are many incongruences due to lineage-specific loss and transfer of symbionts. Despite the evolutionary and economic importance of this symbiosis, the symbiont communities of most termite species are incompletely characterized or entirely unstudied. Here, we have investigated the protist symbiont community of <em>Reticulitermes tibialis,</em> using single-cell PCR to link morphology to 18S rRNA gene sequences. The protists belong to at least 41 species in 3 major lineages within Metamonada: Spirotrichonymphida, Pyrsonymphidae, and <em>Trichonympha</em>. The Spirotrichonymphida symbionts belong to 6 genera, including <em>Pseudospironympha</em>, which has not been found in <em>Reticulitermes</em> until now, and <em>Dexiohelix</em>, a new genus. Pyrsonymphidae traditionally include just <em>Pyrsonympha</em> and <em>Dinenympha</em>, but our morphology-linked 18S phylogeny indicates that both genera are polyphyletic. We accordingly restrict the definitions of <em>Pyrsonympha</em> and <em>Dinenympha</em> to the clades that include their type species, and we propose 5 new genera to accommodate the remaining clades. Short-read 18S amplicon sequencing revealed considerable variation in community composition across <em>R. tibialis</em> colonies in Arizona, suggestive of a symbiont metacommunity. Symbiont species varied in their prevalence across colonies, with a core set of about 12 highly prevalent symbiont species, 11 species with intermediate prevalence, and 18 rare species. This pattern contrasts with the traditional paradigm of consistent symbiont community composition across colonies of a termite species.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"176 ","pages":"Article 126087"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2025-02-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143372666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}