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Broadening our knowledge of the Trachelophyllidae Kent, 1881 (Litostomatea, Ciliophora): Observations on known species of three genera and a new genus and species from the Czech Republic 拓宽我们对肯特犬舌蝗科的认识（Litostomatea, Ciliophora）：捷克共和国已知3属和1新属和新种的观察。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126179

William Bourland, Wenbao Zhuang, Marek Jankásek, Ondřej Pomahač, Ivan Čepička

{"title":"Broadening our knowledge of the Trachelophyllidae Kent, 1881 (Litostomatea, Ciliophora): Observations on known species of three genera and a new genus and species from the Czech Republic","authors":"William Bourland, Wenbao Zhuang, Marek Jankásek, Ondřej Pomahač, Ivan Čepička","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126179","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126179","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Trachelopyllidae Kent, 1881 is a family of predatory litostomatean ciliates distinguished by a three-rowed dorsal brush composed of two dikinetidal rows and one monokinetid row, and one or more types of organic epicortical scales called lepidosomes. To date, the taxonomy of the nine genera comprising the family has been based, almost exclusively, on the types of scales and their combinations together with cell morphometry. Six of the nine genera are monotypic. To date, molecular data has been available from only four species representing two genera. With the aim of broadening the molecular characterization of the Trachelophyllidae, we present new rRNA cistron sequences of three trachelophyllid species from Idaho, USA, identified by scanning electron microscopy and representing three genera of the family not yet sequenced, and we describe a novel species representing a new genus from the Czech Republic. The results confirm the extraordinarily conserved nature of the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 regions in the Trachelophyllidae and demonstrate the discordance between lepidosome-based taxonomy and the rRNA cistron-based molecular phylogeny in this group. Additionally, we consider ciliary ultrastructural features unique to members of the Trachelophyllidae and Lingulotrichidae (suborder Trachelophyllina Grain, 1994).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 126179"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148679869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An updated checklist of testate amoebae in China 中国遗存变形虫的最新清单。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126178

Yangmin Qin, Yulin Zhu, Zixuan Lin, Daniel Puppe

{"title":"An updated checklist of testate amoebae in China","authors":"Yangmin Qin, Yulin Zhu, Zixuan Lin, Daniel Puppe","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126178","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126178","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We present an updated checklist of testate amoebae (TA) in China covering TA records in the literature of the past ∼100 years. In total 363 TA species/subspecies in 53 genera have been included in the current Chinese checklist. The updated Chinese checklist includes five recently discovered TA species (<em>Netzelia mulanensis</em>, <em>Pentagonia zhangduensis</em>, <em>Pontigulasia pentangulostoma</em>, <em>Cornutheca jiuhuensis</em>, and <em>Planhoogenraadia wuchanica</em>) and 24 TA species/subspecies that have been added as new records for China. TA taxonomy and classification in the updated Chinese checklist are based on current knowledge derived from morphological, physiological, and molecular (ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA sequence data, genomics) studies. Corresponding changes in the updated Chinese checklist are outlined and the taxonomy and diversity of (Chinese) TA as well as their biogeography, ecology, and conservation are discussed. As all kinds of TA studies are eventually based on a reliable taxonomy and nomenclature, we are confident that our updated Chinese checklist will be of great value for TA researchers not only in China, but also worldwide.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"182 ","pages":"Article 126178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2026-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148701750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Meeting report: 11th international symposium on testate amoebae (ISTA-11 Niagara), Brock University, Canada, June 22–27, 2025 会议报告：第11届遗嘱变形虫国际研讨会（ISTA-11 Niagara），布鲁克大学，加拿大，2025年6月22-27日。

IF 1.9 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-08-01 Epub Date: 2026-07-31 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126177

Francine M.G. McCarthy, R. Timothy Patterson, Florin Pendea

引用次数: 0

Genetic modification in dinoflagellate algae: Some successes, many failures 鞭毛藻的基因改造：一些成功，许多失败。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126148

Lucy Gavin, Catherine E. Evans, R. Ellen R. Nisbet

引用次数: 0

Experimental evidence of ciliate dispersal and successional patterns via endozoochory in temporary aquatic systems 临时水生系统中纤毛虫通过内胆扩散和演替模式的实验证据

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126136

Crislaine Cochak , Andy J. Green , Marta I. Sánchez , Alfonso Pineda , Matheus Henrique de Oliveira de Matos , Luiz Felipe Machado Velho

{"title":"Experimental evidence of ciliate dispersal and successional patterns via endozoochory in temporary aquatic systems","authors":"Crislaine Cochak , Andy J. Green , Marta I. Sánchez , Alfonso Pineda , Matheus Henrique de Oliveira de Matos , Luiz Felipe Machado Velho","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126136","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126136","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporary aquatic ecosystems in Mediterranean regions rely on passive dispersal to maintain connectivity among isolated habitats. In Doñana National Park, Spain, aquatic birds enhance this connectivity by dispersing microbial propagules via endozoochory. We tested whether ciliate dispersal through bird feces facilitates community assembly and ecological succession in disconnected aquatic systems. Bird feces were incubated in aquatic microcosms for 42 days, and 39 ciliate morphospecies emerged. Species richness and abundance increased steadily, peaking between days 21 and 35. Functional succession started with small filter-feeders, followed by predators and mixotrophs. Despite taxonomic changes, ciliate body size remained stable, suggesting dispersal success depended more on cyst resistance than on morphological traits. The emergence of structured, functionally diverse communities confirms that waterbirds not only transport viable propagules but also actively enhance microbial connectivity and drive successional dynamics in temporary wetlands. These results reinforce endozoochory as a key mechanism shaping microbial metacommunities and supporting biodiversity in fragmented aquatic landscapes. Given that species were identified <em>in vivo</em> observation without molecular or staining confirmation, our results should be interpreted as community-level patterns rather than precise species-specific dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 126136"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145665548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nuclear localization signal in Leishmania spp.: Implications for parasite physiology and host nucleus hijacking 利什曼原虫核定位信号：寄生虫生理学和宿主核劫持的意义

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126145

Lara da Mata Aredes Riguetti , Carlos Roberto Alves , Franklin Souza da Silva

{"title":"Nuclear localization signal in Leishmania spp.: Implications for parasite physiology and host nucleus hijacking","authors":"Lara da Mata Aredes Riguetti , Carlos Roberto Alves , Franklin Souza da Silva","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126145","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126145","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Protein transport between the cytoplasm and the nucleus is a fundamental process for the survival and proper functioning of all eukaryotic cells. This transport is regulated by adaptor proteins that recognize nuclear localization signals (NLSs) present in essential nuclear proteins. The data compiled in this review provide an overview of the classification and diversity of NLSs across various organisms. As in all eukaryotes, NLS-mediated transport is essential for <em>Leishmania</em> spp. For this parasite, there is evidence that NLS-mediated transport is essential for its physiology, allowing key proteins to perform crucial functions in maintaining intrinsic nuclear processes. Beyond classical nuclear proteins, this review indicates that some <em>Leishmania</em> proteases also contain NLSs, suggesting that these enzymes may have multifaceted roles: acting within the parasite itself and functioning as a strategy by the parasite to modulate the nuclear dynamics of the host cell. NLS-tagged metalloproteases of the GP63 family are known to interact with host nuclear components and inactivate critical transcription factors, thereby modulating cellular responses and promoting parasite survival. This function persists during the parasite's differentiation from the promastigote to the amastigote form, highlighting a continuous and sophisticated survival strategy. However, this mechanism still requires experimental confirmation. A deeper understanding of these processes offers promising perspectives for the development of novel therapeutic approaches against leishmaniasis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 126145"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145977374","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The draft genome of the calcareous foraminifera Ammonia Veneta (rotaliida, globothalamea, foraminifera) 石灰质有孔虫氨Veneta（轮虫目，球藻目，有孔虫目）的基因组草图。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2025-12-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126144

Yoshiyuki Ishitani , Shunichi Ishii , Yurika Ujiié

{"title":"The draft genome of the calcareous foraminifera Ammonia Veneta (rotaliida, globothalamea, foraminifera)","authors":"Yoshiyuki Ishitani , Shunichi Ishii , Yurika Ujiié","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126144","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126144","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Foraminifera are abundant and widely spread protists that contribute to global biogeochemical cycles and are used as bioindicators of polluted environments. However, their genomic basis remains poorly understood due to technical difficulties such as high genome complexity, microbial contamination, and the lack of axenic cultures. Here, we present the first draft genome of an axenic strain of a benthic foraminifer, <em>Ammonia veneta</em> WYF01. The 433 Mb genome assembly exhibits high completeness (80 % BUSCO score) and reveals a complex genomic landscape with extensive repeat content and 350,650 predicted gene models. Comparative genomic analysis with other rhizarians highlights conserved gene families related to pseudopodial motility and some osmoregulation, and substrate adhesion as species-specific expansions in <em>A. veneta</em>. Notably, we observed remarkable diversification of <em>glutathione S-transferase</em> genes, involved in detoxification of reactive oxygen species and xenobiotics, suggesting a genomic basis for this species' tolerance to polluted environments. Our findings provide valuable insights into the molecular adaptations of benthic Foraminifera and establish <em>A. veneta</em> as a genomic model for future evolutionary and environmental studies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 126144"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145820401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Tracing the Glow: Rethinking Luciferin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates 追踪发光：重新思考荧光素在鞭毛藻中的生物合成。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126146

James F.E. Vanstone , Jan Janouškovec

{"title":"Tracing the Glow: Rethinking Luciferin Biosynthesis in Dinoflagellates","authors":"James F.E. Vanstone , Jan Janouškovec","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126146","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2026.126146","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Bioluminescence is a striking feature of many dinoflagellates, yet the origin of the luciferin substrate that underlies light emission remains unresolved. Previous studies have noted that luciferin is structurally similar to chlorophyll and related catabolites, but its presence in heterotrophs is puzzling, as such organisms have no need to produce chlorophyll. Hypothetical and sometimes conflicting views on several luciferin biosynthesis reactions have been proposed, but a conclusive template for the pathway is missing. Here, we integrate existing evidence into a model for luciferin biosynthesis based on three testable hypotheses. First, we posit that phototrophic and heterotrophic dinoflagellates are capable of <em>de novo</em> luciferin synthesis through a plastid-derived pathway. Secondly, we surmise that luciferin is derived from a specific pathway for chlorophyll degradation that includes the structurally similar pyropheophorbide <em>a</em>. Finally, we revisit the role of P630 as a likely biosynthetic precursor rather than a mere oxidation artefact. We then outline experimental strategies to test these hypotheses within the broader framework of tetrapyrrole metabolism. Resolving luciferin biosynthesis will elucidate not only the biochemical, spatial, and regulatory underpinning of bioluminescence but also illuminate its evolutionary origins and how ancestral metabolic pathways can be retooled for novel cellular functions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"180 ","pages":"Article 126146"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146019566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Corrigendum to “Notable morphologies, molecular phylogenetics and taxonomy of the dinophyte Borghiella tenuissima (Borghiellaceae, Phytodiniales)” [Protist 179 (2025) 126132] 《细刺波氏菌（波氏菌科，植物didiiales）的显著形态、分子系统发育和分类》[原生生物179(2025)126132]的勘误。

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2026-03-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-18 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2026.126147

Büşra Şahin , Anna Müller , Paweł M. Owsianny , Corinna Romeikat , Danail P. Krastev , Juliana Chacón , Marc Gottschling

引用次数: 0

Environmental regulation of ciliates in corals: A secondary pathogen in coral disease 珊瑚中纤毛虫的环境调节：珊瑚病的次级病原体

IF 2.1 3区生物学

Protist Pub Date : 2025-12-01 Epub Date: 2025-11-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2025.126135

Lawrance Irudayarajan , Chinnarajan Ravindran , Haritha Parekkattumalayil Raveendran

{"title":"Environmental regulation of ciliates in corals: A secondary pathogen in coral disease","authors":"Lawrance Irudayarajan , Chinnarajan Ravindran , Haritha Parekkattumalayil Raveendran","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126135","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2025.126135","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ciliate invasion in corals is an emerging concern, yet the mechanisms behind their role in disease progression remain unclear. In this study, ciliates were isolated from pigmented lesions of <em>Porites lutea</em> and <em>Acropora muricata</em> and examined for their possible mode of interactions with coral tissues and bacteria. Histopathology revealed active bacterial feeding by ciliates along lesion margins, highlighting their potential role in worsening tissue damage. Microcosm experiments, designed to mimic seasonal conditions at the sampling site, showed that ciliate growth was most favorable during pre-monsoon conditions (32 °C, 36 ‰ salinity), while nutrient-rich post-monsoon environments (25 °C, 32 ‰) also supported proliferation. Importantly, maximum bacterial feeding occurred under pre-monsoon conditions, suggesting that elevated temperatures and mucus release from thermally stressed corals provide ideal resources for ciliates. This feeding may further extend to host-damaged tissue containing <em>Symbiodiniaceae</em>, disrupting coral recovery processes and increasing risks to reef biodiversity. These findings emphasize the importance of environmental factors and microbial interactions in shaping ciliate behaviour and highlight their role as secondary pathogens in coral disease dynamics.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"179 ","pages":"Article 126135"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145620173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0