{"title":"Flagellar proteomic analysis of the brown alga Mutimo cylindricus revealed a novel calcium-binding protein abundantly localized in the anterior flagellum","authors":"Nana Kinoshita-Terauchi , Kogiku Shiba , Makoto Terauchi , Hideki Noguchi , Kazuo Inaba","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126070","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126070","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><em>Mutimo cylindricus</em> gametes have two flagella with different structures : an anterior and a posterior flagellum. Their flagellar waveforms are regulated by calcium ions through various mechanisms, however the factors involved in this regulation remain largely unknown To elucidate the molecular basis underlying the difference between the two flagella, we performed a flagellar proteomic analysis of male <em>M. cylindricus</em> gametes. We identified 848 proteins shared with <em>Ectocarpus siliculosus</em>, including 28 calcium-binding proteins. Among the EF-hand proteins, a 111 kDa protein showed predominant localization along the anterior flagellum. Immunogold localization suggested that this protein is associated with outer doublet microtubules. This is the first report to show heterogeneous localization of a calcium-binding protein between two flagellar axonemes and suggests that calcium-binding proteins are involved in the specific regulation of the anterior flagellum.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 6","pages":"Article 126070"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142578227","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-10-05DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126069
John R. Dolan
{"title":"The protists of Ernst Haeckel’s Kunstformen der Natur","authors":"John R. Dolan","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126069","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126069","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Haeckel’s ’art book’, <em>Kunstformen der Natur</em>, is likely familiar to most protistologists as it is probably Haeckel’s best known work, and it prominently featured protists. No doubt many of us have used some of the images from it in our lectures. Most familiar are perhaps the often-reproduced images of nassularian radiolaria, but plates were also devoted to phaeodarians, acantharia, foraminifera, ciliates, diatoms, dinoflagellates and desmids. Despite the fame of <em>Kunstformen der Natur</em>, there are aspects of the work that have received little attention, and are of potential interest to protistologists. These include the overall importance of protists in the work, compared to other taxa, the surprisingly under appreciated role of Haeckel’s collaborator, Adolph Giltsch in creating the figures, the disputed fidelity of the illustrations of protists, and Haeckel’s discrete inclusion of many descriptions of new species of protists, forcing us to consider <em>Kunstformen</em> a scientific publication. Here these aspects, and the 20 plates featuring protists will be reviewed. The goal of this review is to familiarize protistologists with the most famous work featuring protists, and point out the many particular figures of protists we may wish to avoid showcasing, as the illustrations are questionable. A supplemental file is provided listing the currently accepted names of the protist taxa (for names found in a database), and the reasons for considering some illustrations as questionable.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 6","pages":"Article 126069"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142418976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-09-24DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126068
James W. Wynne , Anca G. Rusu , Ben T. Maynard , Megan L. Rigby , Richard S. Taylor
{"title":"Dead reckoning of protist viability with propidium monoazide (PMA)-quantitative PCR; a case study using Neoparamoeba perurans","authors":"James W. Wynne , Anca G. Rusu , Ben T. Maynard , Megan L. Rigby , Richard S. Taylor","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126068","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126068","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The ability to distinguish between viable and non-viable protozoan parasites is central to improved human and animal health management. While conceptually simple, methods to differentiate cell viability in situ remain challenging. Amoebic gill disease, caused by <em>Neoparamoeba perurans</em> is a parasitic disease impacting Atlantic salmon aquaculture globally. Although commercial freshwater treatments alleviate AGD, viable amoebae remain on gills or in used treatment water. Existing PCR-based assays are able to quantify <em>N. perurans</em> abundance but cannot discriminate amoeba viability. We investigated the use of propidium monoazide (PMA) application, prior to real-time PCR, to distinguish between alive and dead cells. We demonstrate that 200 μM PMA can significantly reduce amplification from non-viable (isopropanol treated) cultured amoebae across at least three logs of cell concentrations. Using a serial dilution of viable and non-viable cells, we show that non-PMA PCR amplifies both viable and non-viable amoebae, while PMA exposure suppresses (but does not completely inhibit) amplification from non-viable amoebae. The effect of freshwater treatment on <em>N. perurans</em> viability was assessed using the PMA-PCR. Following PMA exposure, amplification from freshwater treated amoebae was reduced by approximately 94–97 %. Taken together this study demonstrates that PMA combined with traditional real-time PCR can estimate amoeba viability.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 6","pages":"Article 126068"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dinotoms possess two evolutionary distinct autophagy-related ubiquitin-like conjugation systems","authors":"Euki Yazaki , Tadaaki Uehara , Hirokazu Sakamoto , Yuji Inagaki","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126067","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126067","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Autophagy is an intracellular degradation mechanism by which cytoplasmic materials are delivered to and degraded in the lysosome-fused autophagosome (autolysosome) and proposed to have been established at an early stage of eukaryotic evolution. Dinoflagellates harboring endosymbiotic diatoms (so-called “dinotoms”), which retain their own nuclei and mitochondria in addition to plastids, have been investigated as an intermediate toward the full integration of a eukaryotic phototroph into the host-controlled organelle (i.e., plastid) through endosymbiosis. Pioneering studies systematically evaluated the degree of host governance on several metabolic pathways in the endosymbiotic diatoms (ESDs). However, little attention has been paid to the impact of the endosymbiotic lifestyle on the autophagy operated in the ESDs. In this study, we searched for ATG3, ATG4, ATG5, ATG7, ATG8, ATG10, and ATG12, which are required for autophagosome formation, in the RNA-seq data from dinotoms <em>Durinskia baltica</em> and <em>Kryptoperidinium foliaceum</em>. We detected two evolutionally distinct sets of the ATG proteins in the dinotom species, one affiliated with the dinoflagellate homologs and the other with the diatom homologs in phylogenetic analyses. The results suggest that the ATG proteins descended from the diatom taken up by the dinoflagellate host persist for autophagosome formation and, most likely, autophagy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 6","pages":"Article 126067"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142323616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-08-18DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126059
Limin Jiang , Qianhui Sun , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Xiaozhong Hu
{"title":"Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of genus Plagiocampa (Ciliophora, Prostomatea), with redescriptions of two poorly known species","authors":"Limin Jiang , Qianhui Sun , Xiaoxuan Zhu , Xiaozhong Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126059","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126059","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Prostomateans, as common inhabitants in diverse aquatic environments, are among the simplest ciliate lineages, and serve as trophic links in food webs. However, only a few members are well-known and thoroughly studied, and the diversity of this group remains elusive. The unique genus <em>Plagiocampa</em> has a long history of research, but few studies have been performed using up-to-date methods. In the present work, <em>Plagiocampa longis</em> Kahl, 1927 and <em>Plagiocampa minima</em> Kahl, 1927, collected from Chinese coastal habitats, were investigated based on microscopical observation, protargol staining, and SSU rRNA gene sequencing. Their ciliature and morphometric data as well as gene sequences are documented. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that the family Plagiocampidae is likely monophyletic and has a closer relationship with parasitic <em>Cryptocaryon</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 5","pages":"Article 126059"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142088757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-07-26DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126058
Asma Guilane , Meriem Ali Zouaoui , Maria Trelis , Amina Boutellis , Christen Rune Stensvold
{"title":"On the host specificity and genetic diversity of Iodamoeba bütschlii: Observations from short amplicon-based next-generation sequencing","authors":"Asma Guilane , Meriem Ali Zouaoui , Maria Trelis , Amina Boutellis , Christen Rune Stensvold","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Iodamoeba</em> is a single-celled intestinal parasite, which is common in humans in certain parts of the world, and also in pigs. For the first time, we provide DNA-based evidence of goat, dromedary, fallow deer, and donkey as hosts of <em>Iodamoeba</em> and show that <em>Iodamoeba</em>-specific nucleotide sequences from these four hosts do not appear to overlap with those of humans, unlike those from pigs. We moreover show that similar strains of <em>Iodamoeba</em> can be found in Madagascar, Western Sahara, and Ecuador and that intra-sample diversity is typically extensive across even small fragments of DNA in both human and non-human hosts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 5","pages":"Article 126058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434461024000506/pdfft?md5=b9d1db359df9fe47fd2c95d26a1ee189&pid=1-s2.0-S1434461024000506-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141842172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-06-14DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126048
Christopher J. Howe , Adrian C. Barbrook
{"title":"Dinoflagellate chloroplasts as a model for extreme genome reduction and fragmentation in organelles – The COCOA principle for gene retention","authors":"Christopher J. Howe , Adrian C. Barbrook","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126048","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126048","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The genomes of peridinin-containing dinoflagellate chloroplasts have a very unusual organisation. These genomes are highly fragmented and greatly reduced, with most of the usual complement of chloroplast genes relocated to the nucleus. Dinoflagellate chloroplasts highlight evolutionary changes that are found to varying extents in a number of other organelle genomes. These include the chloroplast genome of the green alga <em>Boodlea</em> and other Cladophorales, and the mitochondrial genomes of blood-sucking and chewing lice, the parasitic plant <em>Rhopalocnemis phalloides</em>, the red alga <em>Rhodosorus marinus</em> and other members of the Stylonematophyceae, diplonemid flagellates, and some Cnidaria. Consideration of the coding content of the remnant chloroplast genomes indicates that organelles may preferentially retain genes for proteins important in initiating assembly of complexes, and the same is largely true for mitochondria. We propose a new principle, of CO-location for COntrol of Assembly (COCOA), indicating the importance of retaining these genes in the organelle. This adds to, but does not invalidate, the existing hypotheses of the multisubunit completion principle, CO-location for Redox Regulation (CORR) and Control by Epistasy of Synthesis (CES).</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 4","pages":"Article 126048"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1434461024000403/pdfft?md5=18f463c69c8a8b489f34662fe907cefa&pid=1-s2.0-S1434461024000403-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141410457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-05-31DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126047
Sheng-Bo Zhou, Zhi-Yu Zhao, Ping Guan, Bo Qu
{"title":"New geographical records and molecular investigation of the ciliate Spirostomum","authors":"Sheng-Bo Zhou, Zhi-Yu Zhao, Ping Guan, Bo Qu","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><em>Spirostomum</em> is a genus of large ciliates, and its species are distributed worldwide. However, there has been limited research conducted on their geographical distribution and genomics. We obtained nine samples of ciliates from eight regions in Liaoning Province, China, and conducted a study on their geographical distribution and characteristics. Morphological and second-generation high-throughput sequencing methods were applied to identify the species, and a phylogenetic tree was established to gain a deeper understanding of the geographical distribution and evolutionary relationships of <em>Spirostomum</em> in Northeast China. The results identified <em>Spirostomum yagiui</em> and <em>Spirostomum subtilis</em> as a newly recorded species in Northeast China region. There are now five species of <em>Spirostomum</em> that have been recorded in China, and new details on the genomic characteristics of <em>Spirostomum yagiui</em> were provided. In addition, this study also identified the main branches of <em>Spirostomum teres</em> and <em>Spirostomum minus</em> in northern China, and provided a theoretical basis for the existence of hidden species. <em>Spirostomum yagiui</em> is the first species in the family Spirostomidae to have undergone mitochondrial genome sequencing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 4","pages":"Article 126047"},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141535140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ProtistPub Date : 2024-05-25DOI: 10.1016/j.protis.2024.126045
Jaroslav Kubín , Josef Juráň , Jan Kučera
{"title":"Checklist of colourless euglenoids of the Czech Republic, with several taxonomic additions","authors":"Jaroslav Kubín , Josef Juráň , Jan Kučera","doi":"10.1016/j.protis.2024.126045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.protis.2024.126045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>This study presents the results of a complex survey of freshwater heterotrophic euglenoids in the Czech Republic, including both literature data and own field surveys of 469 sites visited in the course of three years. The checklist includes 189 taxa in 28 genera: <em>Anisonema</em> (10), <em>Astasia</em> (26), <em>Atraktomonas</em> (1), <em>Calycimonas</em> (2), <em>Chasmostoma</em> (1), <em>Dinematomonas</em> (3), <em>Distigma</em> (8), <em>Dylakosoma</em> (1), <em>Entosiphon</em> (4), <em>Euglena</em> (1), <em>Gyropaigne</em> (1), <em>Heteronema</em> (19), <em>Jenningsia</em> (11), <em>Khawkinea</em> (1), <em>Lepocinclis</em> (1), <em>Menoidium</em> (7), <em>Neometanema</em> (3), <em>Notosolenus</em> (18), <em>Petalomonas</em> (40), <em>Phacus</em> (1), <em>Ploeotia</em> (2), <em>Pseudoperanema</em> (7), <em>Rhabdomonas</em> (5), <em>Scytomonas</em> (1), <em>Sphenomonas</em> (5), <em>Teloprocta</em> (1) <em>Tropidocyphus</em> (1), <em>Urceolus</em> (4), and 4 species of uncertain identity. In addition, a general description of habitat types in which the taxa were found and a review of the current taxonomy and nomenclature of included taxa are provided. Several taxonomic and nomenclatural novelties are proposed, based on the review of morphological features, mostly applying to the genera <em>Notosolenus</em> and <em>Jenningsia</em>.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":20781,"journal":{"name":"Protist","volume":"175 4","pages":"Article 126045"},"PeriodicalIF":2.5,"publicationDate":"2024-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141292229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}