Psychiatria Danubina最新文献

{"title":"Gut Microbiota and Mood Disorders: How Bottom-Up Techniques Can Improve Mental Health.","authors":"Alessandro Lepri","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The microbiome is dynamic and changes with early development, environmental factors such as diet and antibiotics, and in response to disease. Recently, its role in psychiatric disorders has gained interest. A new class of probiotics, psychobiotics, has emerged as a non-toxic intervention for psychiatric conditions. The relationship between gut microbial metabolism and mental health is gaining attention, with the gut microbiome playing a role in major depressive disorder. Understanding the microbiota offers new therapeutic opportunities for various medical conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"83-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rapidly Trading Down Depression's 3 Pillars to 5HT3-Receptors Through ECT or Psilocybin?","authors":"Gottfried R S Treviranus","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Depression astonishingly can be stopped instantly by electrotherapies or through some psychedelics like psilocybin. In explaining this, the traditional approaches to their antidepressant effects via \"reset\" models and orthosteric serotonin receptors has neglected the only serotonin channel 5HT3, which e.g. has emerged as being helpful for the neurotrophic translation for all anti-depressants and final synaptic effects. Psychedelics here are confronted with a panorama of also anti-depressant 5HT3-channels and a search for their part e.g. in the \"3 pillars\" reigning depression. Of these M1) mitochondria, parasitic organelles from a fusion between some proto-bacteria and archae, founding eukaryotes, also through 5HT3 in depression determine much of its somatic crises. Two further pillars, \"pushback\" and \"shame-link\", are clarified by the parasympathetic (PS-) conspiciously 5HT3-rich \"nasal\" pterygo-palatine ganglion (PPG): PPG-1.) Intramural \"pushbacks\" intoxicating brain's tissues, show up on MRI e.g. along branches of the peri-/subcallosal artery. The brain-draining circular chambers, by CIMURAF, are plausibly driven by the PPG (and other PS-ganglia) through their dense nitrergic grid, causing loose wrung areas creating hyperboloid stenoses where they delimit contracted sliding segments PPG-2.) Existential conflicts trigger last-resort attacks, whereby the subduing are stopped into submissive shame. This plausibly occurs via the antidromic \"Suzuki-link\" from preparatory attack-biting (V3) via the trigeminal ggl. V3-V2-crosstalk onto the PPG, which, blushing via PACAP, maybe via MCs opens the BBB causing foggy confusion. Mushrooms may have acquired psilocybin to similarly stop feeding moves of worms (C. elegans) via the >100 5HT3-like ion channels. While on MOD-1 serotonin elicits \"dwelling\", collective feeding on just one fungus, psilocin could on promote audacious \"roaming\" (protecting fungi) - channel LGC-50 learning from this. The biphasic and pervasive H₂S, being a dipole, might be flushed by ECT and on the 5HT3-receptors might get worms (and us) to move.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"134-148"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Treatment for Depression in Patients Who Have Suffered from Early Life Stress.","authors":"Joel Cols Beraha, Mario F Juruena","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>People with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) are far more likely to suffer from Early Life Stress (ELS) than the average population. This typically increases severity of symptoms, and often leads to treatment resistance. This study set out to examine which treatments work best to treat depression in patients who have suffered from ELS, as well as possible interactions between ELS and antidepressant effects in therapies.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>A literature review was conducted in July 2020 using the databases Embase, PsychInfo, and MEDLINE. The search looked for clinical trials treating MDD with psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with patients who suffered from ELS. Data regarding demographics, comorbidities, measurement tools, and outcomes (generally response rates and remission) were extracted. The data was compared according to treatment types.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) had the best evidence for treating MDD in people with ELS. There was some mixed evidence for Interpersonal Therapy, SSRIs, and SNRIs as suitable treatments for MDD. There was also very promising but limited evidence for Cognitive Behavioural Analysis of System Therapy and combination treatments (pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy together). Nefazodone (a SARI) had the weakest evidence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CBT was the most effective treatment for MDD with ELS. However, more research needs to be conducted to ascertain a proper hierarchy of treatments, particularly with combination treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Virtual Reality (VR) Device with Integrated Biofeedback Sensors (ReViSide) to Cope with Emotional Burnout State Among Employees Experiencing Stress at Workplace: Problem Overview and Action Plan.","authors":"Daria Smirnova, Anna Spikina, Daria Mezentseva, Andrei Vlasov, Darya Astafeva, Elena Berkovich, Ludmila Kruk, Svetlana Palevskaya, Svetlana Shport, Roman Akhapkin, Zarifjon Ashurov, Inara Khairedinova, Oleg Skugarevski, Sergey Chaplygin, Alexander Kolsanov, Timur Syunyakov","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In this study we examine the issue of employee burnout, caused by long-term exposure to workplace stressors, considering its complex phenomenology in the context of contemporary psychological and psychiatric views. Towards the development of innovative technologies to correct burnout in the context of psychosocial rehabilitation, we present our study protocol involving the ReViSide virtual reality (VR) and biofeedback intervention, including monitoring of respiratory rates and EEG rhythms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The randomized controlled trial protocol includes adult participants aged 18 to 65 years (n=140) who exhibit emotional burnout in the workplace. The intervention group will undergo a course of VR correction (ReViSide), while the control group receives a standard psychocorrection. The primary endpoint will be level of emotional burnout to the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI). We shall also assess anxiety, depression, asthenia and subjective improvement in condition using validated scales (HADS, HARS, HDRS, VAS-A, PGI-C).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We shall test our hypothesis that the VR-correction group will show significant improvements in MBI scores, particularly in emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment, compared to the control group. Secondary outcome measures are likewise expected to demonstrate more prominent improvements in the VR group, correlating with the magnitude of burnout reduction to MBI. Analysis of EEG data may reveal changes in alpha rhythm patterns during VR sessions, potentially correlating with reduced distress levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We designed this study to test the integration of an interdisciplinary approach for treating burnout, highlighting the ReViSide technology. Confirming the efficacy of this approach for psychosocial rehabilitation targeting burnout states among employees should improve their stress resilience, daily motivation, and work productivity in the context of the modern high working pressure environment and demanding corporate culture.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"354-360"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Brexpiprazole Augmentation in Treatment Resistant OCD: Safety and Efficacy in an Italian Sample.","authors":"Vassilis Martiadis, Enrico Pessina, Azzurra Martini, Fabiola Raffone, Filippo Besana, Miriam Olivola, Carlo Ignazio Cattaneo","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and debilitating psychiatric disorder with an approximate incidence of 2.5% in the general population. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SRIs) are considered the first line of pharmacological treatment but up to 50% of patients fail to achieve clinical remission or response. Atypical antipsychotics are one of the most common augmentation strategies in OCD treatment resistant patients. Brexpiprazole, a novel atypical antipsychotic with dopamine partial agonism action, has never been studied in addition to SRIs treatment in OCD resistant patients. This study retrospectively investigated the safety and efficacy of a 12 week brexpiprazole augmentation trial in 34 OCD resistant patients. SRI treatment resistance was defined as failing to improve the YBOCS total score by more than 25% from the beginning of the SRI trial. Brexpiprazole augmentation response was defined as at least a 25% improvement in the YBOCS total score. At the end of the study, 17 patients (50.0%) met the response criteria of ≥25% improvement in YBOCS total score vs. baseline. No safety issues were raised throughout the observation period. A total of 19 patients (55.9%) reported adverse experiences, generally mild and not requiring medical intervention. This is the first study to examine the safety and efficacy of brexpiprazole augmentation in resistant OCD patients. Our findings show that brexpiprazole may be a promising and well-tolerated augmentation strategy for SRI-resistant OCD patients. However, further research in larger populations is needed to confirm these results and investigate the long-term safety and tolerability of brexpiprazole in OCD patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"396-401"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Air Pollution and Symptom Severity in Hospitalized Subjects with Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders.","authors":"Giulia Menculini, Francesco Bernardini, Francesca Scopetta, Gianmarco Cinesi, Luigi Attademo, Pierfrancesco Maria Balducci, Chiara Gobbicchi, Kety Amantini, Patrizia Moretti, Alfonso Tortorella","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Air pollution has been demonstrated to represent a major threat to mental health, leading to higher risk of development or exacerbation of serious psychiatric disorders. The current study was aimed at investigating the associations between air pollutant concentrations (particulate matter 2.5 and 10, ozone, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide) and symptom severity in a sample of inpatients suffering from schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We collected sociodemographic, clinical, and psychopathological characteristics of subjects (n=118) with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who were hospitalized in the Psychiatric Inpatient Unit of the University Hospital of Perugia in the period 1^stJanuary 2015-31^stDecember 2016. Psychopathological characteristics were assessed using the Positive And Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Clinical Global impressions (CGI) scale. Hierarchical multiple regressions were run to assess the association between air pollutants concentrations and the PANSS, BPRS, and CGI total subscale scores, controlling the analyses for sex/age and meteorological data. We found a significant positive association between the average concentration of ozone before admission and the anxiety-depression factor score domain at the PANSS. No significant associations between the other pollutants and the different scores at the scales used for the psychopathological assessment were found. Short-term exposure to ozone may influence the clinical presentation of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and should be thus considered among the potentially modifiable risk factors in the urban environment. Air pollution should be considered among the main threats to human mental health and policymakers should address the built of sustainable urban environments.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"73-77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression, Mood Disorders and Bipolar Spectrum: One or Different Diseases?","authors":"Giuseppe Tavormina","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The concept of mixity is the essential cognitive cornerstone for quantifying and understanding unstable mood and restlessness, which are components of all mood disorders, diseases that always present fluctuations in mood, from the depressive component to the restless one and to the hypomanic and manic one. The GT-MSRS Mixed States Rating Scale becomes an essential means for early diagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"170-175"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research in Defense Mechanisms: What Do We Stand?","authors":"Valentina Tavoloni, Janet Garofani, Mariagrazia Di Giuseppe, Giada Juli, Laura Muzi, Marco Innamorati, Maria Rosaria Nappa","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than a century is passed since Freud conceived the concept of defense mechanisms. In this article, we retrace the historical evolution of the construct and offer a narrative review of current clinical and empirical literature on its relevance in clinical psychology. Conceptual contributions and empirical findings on the relationship between defenses and personality, as well as between defensive styles and psychopathology (e.g., eating, depressive, and personality disorders) were described. Findings showed that defense mechanisms can help clinicians in understanding the function of patients' symptoms and in tailoring therapeutic interventions. Lastly, we reviewed studies on the potential role of defense mechanisms in unpredictable and changing environmental conditions, such as the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic. All these studies support the view that defensive functioning is a key topic in the mental health field, and that the further application of reliable and clinically relevant assessment tools is a pivotal future direction in both research and clinical practice.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"20-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mental Health Literacy Interventions in Young People: a Narrative Review.","authors":"Antonella Litta, Elena Amelio, Cira Papari, Marina De Benedittis, Francesco Pastore","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Health literacy is defined as the \"ability to obtain, process and understand basic health information and to access health services in order to make informed choices\". The concept of Mental Health Literacy (MHL) has been introduced in recent years in order to promote mental health. MHL refers to knowledge and beliefs about mental disorders that facilitate their recognition, management, and prevention. A low level of MHL represents a fundamental barrier to seeking mental health care.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For this review we followed a narrative approach. Papers published between 2013 and 2024 were screened for inclusion. Only 24 articles met the inclusion criteria, all of them were included in the review.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 24 articles included, schools represented a particularly important context for interventions, as adolescents spend much of their time in school and school staff are often the point of reference for young people seeking help and advice. School-based interventions aimed at improving MHL and reducing stigma have the potential to prevent mental disorders and promote mental well-being, ultimately reducing their health, social, and economic burden.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Schools are a key setting for mental health interventions, given the significant time adolescents spend there and their reliance on school staff for support. Enhancing MHL and reducing stigma through school-based programs can prevent mental disorders and promote well-being. Both live and digital interventions have shown effectiveness, though long-term impacts need more study.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"385-388"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurocognitive Disorders and Cognitive Reserve: a Study on a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Patients Sample.","authors":"Antonella Vacca, Maria Vincenza Minò, Antonella Litta, Roberto Longo, Mario Vetrano, Giovanna Lucisani, Barbara Solomita, Debora Benazzi, Mariangela Perito, Andreana Franza, Francesco Franza","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Research on neurocognitive disorders and cognitive reserve in psychiatric rehabilitation patients is crucial to understanding how cognitive function impacts rehabilitation outcomes. Cognitive reserve refers to the brain's resilience to neuropathological damage, and exploring its role in psychiatric patients can provide insights into their varying responses to treatment and recovery potential. Investigating whether there are differences in cognitive reserve and neurocognitive disorders between offenders and non-offenders within psychiatric rehabilitation can help tailor interventions and improve rehabilitation strategies. This study explores cognitive reserve (CR) and neurocognitive disorders (NCDs) in a sample of psychiatric patients within a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Center, with a particular focus on differences between offenders and non-offenders following the closure of Judicial Psychiatric Hospitals in Italy (March 31, 2015).</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>In our observational study, were recruited a total of 59 patients (20 females and 39 males, mean age = 45.39 years) from various Psychiatric Rehabilitation Communities in Southern Italy. The patients were assessed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 (SCID-5 CV) and a battery of tests, including in particular the Cognitive Reserve Index Questionnaire (CRIq), Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), Aberrant Salience Inventory (ASI) and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results indicated significant differences between offenders and non-offenders in cognitive reserve, psychopathological symptoms and personal and social functionality.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Understanding these distinctions is important for developing specialized therapeutic approaches that address the rehabilitation needs of each group that also include neurocognitive aspects such as cognitive reserve.</p>","PeriodicalId":20760,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatria Danubina","volume":"36 Suppl 2","pages":"86-90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142392759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}