Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki最新文献

{"title":"Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ): Greek translation and psychometric validation in general and clinical population.","authors":"Afroditi Stefani, Anna Mavridou, Stelios Chatziioannidis, Vasilios P Bozikas, Agorastos Agorastos","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2024.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2024.005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Exposure to childhood trauma experiences shows a high prevalence worldwide, with approximately two-thirds of the general population reporting traumatic experiences during childhood. The valid psychometric assessment of childhood trauma experience represents, however, a significant challenge in clinical research and practice. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire - Short Form (CTQ-SF) embodies the most valid and internationally widely used tool for the retrospective assessment of traumatic experiences during childhood to date. The purpose of this study was the Greek translation of the questionnaire and its validation in both a general and clinical population. Participants completed electronically the Greek translation of the CTQ-SF, the Early Trauma Questionnaire (ETI-SR-SF), the Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC-40), the Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS- SF), the Well-Being Index (WHO-5) and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-4) to examine psychometric properties of the questionnaire (e.g., internal consistency, concurrent, convergent and divergent validity), but also to investigate the relationship between childhood trauma exposure and psychological well-being and symptoms of anxiety and depression. The total study sample (TS) consisted of 722 adults (606 women), of which 155 declared the existence of a psychiatric diagnosis (PD) and 567 constituted the general population (GP) sample. The most common trauma types reported were emotional abuse (29.1%), emotional neglect (23.7%), and physical abuse (24.6%). The CTQ-SF questionnaire showed high levels of internal consistency based on the Cronbach α coefficient (TS = 0.92, PD = 0.92, GP = 0.92), high concurrent and convergent validity and satisfactory convergent validity. In addition, self-reported childhood trauma was highly positively correlated to negative affect and anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as negatively to psychological well-being. Our results confirm that the Greek Version of Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-SF) is a reliable and valid tool that can be used for the retrospective assessment of traumatic childhood experiences both in the general and in the clinical adult Greek population.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"[Comparative study of stress and psychological well-being in parents of children with and without special education needs during the COVID-19 pandemic].","authors":"Christina Boteli, Stavroula Bargiota, Anna Papakonstantinou, Agorastos Agorastos","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2024.002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22365/jpsych.2024.002","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic, which rapidly spread worldwide in early 2020, has affected the daily lives of parents and their children in various ways. This study assessed the overall mental health status and stress experienced by parents during the COVID-19 pandemic and the differences between parents of children with special educational needs and parents of typically developing children. Additionally, we explored potential demographic factors that may influence these experiences. In this cross-sectional study, data were collected through questionnaires completed by a sample of 205 parents (103 of children with typical development attending regular mainstream schools and 102 of children with special educational needs attending special education schools) from February to April 2021. Participants completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the short form of the Profile of Mood States (POMS-S), and a demographic questionnaire. Our findings confirmed that parents of children attending special education schools reported higher levels of anxiety, reduced coping abilities, and poorer overall emotional well-being during the pandemic compared to parents of children attending regular schools. The type of educational setting that children attended was identified through multivariate analyses as the only factor consistently influencing all psychometric outcomes. Factors influencing anxiety levels included gender, older age, and family status, while family status and unemployment negatively impacted coping abilities. Taken together, the pandemic appears to have had a greater impact on the mental health of parents of children with special education needs compared to parents of children attending regular schools, highlighting the need for increased psychosocial support within this population group.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140028818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating predictors of well-being in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: the role of undiagnosed depression.","authors":"Anastasia Antoniou, Alexios Sotiropoulos, Efstathios Skliros, Athanasios Raptis, Rossetos Gournellis, Emmanouil Rizos, Nikolaos Smyrnis, Panagiotis Ferentinos","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2022.093","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2022.093","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder with various medical and psychological adverse effects. Well-being in patients with T2DM is often compromised. The aim of the present study was to investigate clinicodemographic predictors of well-being in patients with T2DM with no known psychiatric history and explore the mediatory role of undiagnosed anxiety and depression. We recruited 175 outpatients with T2DM (54.3% males, aged 34-79 (mean 59.9) years) followed-up at the Diabetes Center of the General Hospital of Nikaia-Peiraeus in Athens. Patients included had no severe diabetes-related complications or known psychiatric history. Well-being was measured with the Mental Health Continuum Short-Form (MHC-SF), a novel 14-item tool measuring the emotional (EWB), social (SWB) and psychological (PWB) dimensions of well-being, as well as a total score of well-being (WBT). Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used for screening for undiagnosed anxiety (HADS-A) and depression (HADS-D). Patients' demographics, Body Mass Index (BMI), glycemic control (HbA1c), T2DM duration, comorbid hypertension or dyslipidemia and type of antidiabetic medication were investigated as predictors of well-being or its dimensions in stepwise linear regression models, also including or excluding HADS-A and HADS-D. Mediational effects of HADS-A and HADS-D were explored in structural equation models through path analyses. Results showed that 21.1% of participants had comorbid depression (HADS-D≥11) and 5.1% comorbid anxiety disorder (HADS-A≥11). In the models without HADS, higher WBT as well as EWB and PWB were significantly predicted by lower HbA1c (all p=0.001) and lower BMI (p=0.015, 0.019 and 0.030, respectively). After being included in the model, HADS-A and HADS-D significantly predicted WBT and every dimension of well-being, but the effects of HbA1c and BMI were no longer statistically significant. In path analyses, the indirect effects of HbA1c and BMI on well-being via HADS-D were statistically significant, while the direct and indirect effects via HADS-A were not. Therefore, the effects of HbA1c and BMI on EWB, PWB and WBT were completely mediated by HADS-D. Concludingly, this is the first study using MHC-SF to measure well-being in patients with T2DM. High levels of undiagnosed depression were recorded, in agreement with other studies. Depression was predicted by HbA1c and BMI and finally predicted well-being. Undiagnosed depression fully explained the effects of HbA1c and BMI on well-being. The interplay of glycemic control and positive mental health should be further investigated.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40707882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dimensionality and psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Τype 1 Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale (DSAS-1-Gr).","authors":"Emmanouil S Benioudakis, Argyroula Kalaitzaki, Eleni Karlafti, Maria-Alexandra Kalpou, Christos Savopoulos, Triantafyllos Didangelos","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2022.097","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2022.097","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1D) is one of the most common chronic diseases affecting children and adolescents. The daily management of T1D requires continuous insulin therapy, as well as the inevitable adjustment of daily activities according to glycaemic control, both of which may result in experiencing T1D related stigma. A significant proportion of people with T1D have been shown to experience social discrimination and stigma, which can lead to emotional distress and act as a barrier to help-seeking behavior. This study presents the psychometric properties of the Greek translation of the Diabetes Stigma Assessment Scale-1 (DSAS-1), which assesses self-perceived stigma in people with T1D. A sample of 105 adults with T1D, mostly females (70.5%), with a mean age of 34.3 years (±11.1), and mean disease duration of 19.4 years (±10.5), completed the translated in Greek DSAS-1 (DSAS-1-Gr). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to investigate the construct validity of the scale. In line with the original version, the results of the present study supported the three-factor model of the scale 'identity concerns', 'different treatment', 'blame and judgment'. The internal consistency indices (Cronbach alpha) of the three subscales were above α=.80 and .88 for the whole scale. Moderate correlations were found between the DSAS-1-Gr and the Diabetes Distress scale for type 1 Diabetes (T1-DDS), the Rosenberg self-esteem scale, and the DASS-21 subscales (depression, anxiety, and stress), which is indicative of convergent validity. DSAS-1-Gr correlated negatively with the diabetes duration (in years), which was indicative of discriminant validity. Finally, females presented higher total DSAS-1-Gr score than males. DSAS-1-Gr is a valid and reliable tool to be used in clinical practice to assess stigma in Greek people with T1D.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40707828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Outcome in patients with religious delusions.","authors":"Vera Rössler, Philipp Sand","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.012","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.012","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We read with interest the recent report on the definition, diagnosis, and clinical implications of religious delusions (RD).1 In our sample of 929 delusional schizophrenia patients who had been admitted to two psychiatric hospitals in Germany between 2010 and 2014, 138 patients (15%) reported RD. In 569 cases, information on religious affiliation was available. Patients with religious affiliation did not differ from patients without religious affiliation in the frequency of RD [χ2(1,569)= 0.02, p= 0.885]. Furthermore, patients with RD did not differ from patients with other types of delusion (OD) in the duration of hospitalisation [t(924)= -0.39, p= 0.695], or the number of hospitalisations [t(927)= -0.92, p= 0.358]. Additionally, in 185 cases, information on Clinical Global Impressions (CGI) and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) was available at the beginning and end of the hospital stay. By CGI-scores, no difference was seen in morbidity of subjects with RD relative to subjects with OD on admission [t(183)= -0.78, p= 0.437] and discharge t(183)= -1.10, p= .273 . Likewise, GAF-scores on admission did not differ in these groups [t(183)= 1.50, p= 0.135]. However, a trend was noted for lower GAF-scores on discharge in subjects with RD [t(183)= 1.91, p= .057, d= 0.39, CI 95% (-0.12-0.78)]. While RD have often been associated with a poorer prognosis in schizophrenia,2,3 we argue that this need not apply to all domains. Mohr et al4 reported that patients with RD were less likely to maintain psychiatric treatment, but did not have a more severe clinical status than patients with OD. Iyassu et al5 found higher levels of positive, but also lower levels of negative symptoms in patients with RD compared to patients with OD. Groups did not differ in terms of length of illness or level of medication. Siddle et al6 reported higher symptom scores in patients with RD at their first presentation, but a similar response to treatment when compared to patients with OD after 4 weeks of treatment. Furthermore, Ellersgaard et al7 iindicated that first-episode psychosis patients with RD at baseline were more likely to be non-delusional at follow-ups conducted after years 1, 2 and 5 when compared to patients with OD at baseline. We conclude that RD may thus interfere with short-term clinical outcome. With regard to long-term effects more favourable observations exist8 and the interplay of psychotic delusions with non-psychotic beliefs still warrants further research.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children and young people.","authors":"Konstantina Magklara, Marinos Kyriakopoulos","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.024","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.024","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the spread of COVID-19 as a global pandemic, and youth worldwide were suddenly confronted with unprecedented consequences. The first line of concern was related to the direct effect of SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. While severe physical health symptomatology including death following infection was found to be less common in children than in adults,1 long-COVID has been identified in the pediatric population with the most prevalent manifestations involving mood symptoms, sleep difficulties, and fatigue.2 Secondly, the measures against COVID-19 carried their own set of risks. Many governments imposed national lockdowns, schools closed, remote learning started operating and social distancing measures prevented families from visiting public places or meeting people from other households. Isolation, disruption of everyday routines, and a sharp and dramatic decrease in physical activity and social interaction levels became the new reality experienced by children and adolescents of all age groups.3 Cross-sectional community studies on children and adolescents conducted early in the course of the pandemic indicated elevated levels of loneliness, anxiety, and behavioral problems in youth samples, even during the initial phases of the outbreak.4 Systematic reviews of mainly cross-sectional studies that followed indicated a significant rise in clinically significant anxiety and depression symptoms among children and adolescents compared to pre-pandemic levels5 and high prevalence estimates for depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and sleep disorders.6 A recent systematic review that included data from 55,000 children and adolescents from many countries of the world (mean age 11.3 years) reported that anxiety (range = 1.8–49.5%), depression (range = 2.2– 63.8%), irritability (range = 16.7–73.2%) and anger (range = 30.0–51.3%) were frequently reported by children and adolescents during the pandemic.7\u0000\u0000However, the experience of the pandemic was not homogenous among all youth. Possible risk factors included the presence of mental health problems before the pandemic, excessive exposure to media, and high COVID-19 caseload in the community, while the presence of any kind of family routines and good parent-child communication were identified as protective factors.7 Females and older adolescents were also reported to be at greater risk for adverse mental health outcomes. In most countries, the spread of the infection, on one hand, and the enforcement of lockdowns and other containment measures, on the other, have put health care under tremendous pressure, leaving families with children with mental health disorders with minimal or inadequate support. Nevertheless, differences were also observed within the group of children with psychiatric or developmental disorders diagnosed before the pandemic. Numerous studies that have investigated the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and related cont","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138047826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Depression in medical students during the COVID-19 lockdown in Greece.","authors":"Mariana Styliari, Michaella Alexandrou, Georgia Polychronidou, Garyfallia Poulakou, Vana Sypsa, Konstantinos Ν Fountoulakis","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.023","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a mental health crisis. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of depression in medical students in Greece during a nationwide lockdown. The secondary aims were to assess the association of depression with socio-demographic factors and students' attitudes regarding the quality of their studies. The data was gathered anonymously through a self-administered online questionnaire between January 11 and 27, 2021. The CES-D scale was used to measure depression rates. Multiple logistic regression was used to identify factors independently associated with depression. Analyses were conducted using Stata version 16.0 and the IBM® SPSS® software. In total, 978 sixth- and fifth-year medical students participated; their mean age was 23.2 years and 65.6% were females. The prevalence of clinical depression was 21.3% (95% CI: 18.7%, 24.0%), whereas 17.9% (95% CI: 15.5%, 20.4%) experienced severe distress. Depression was more prevalent in females (25.4% vs 13.1% in males, p<0.001). Approximately half (53.4%) of the participants reported a change in plans regarding their medical career due to the pandemic and 16.9% expressed a decreased willingness to practice medicine. Factors independently associated with depression were female gender, living alone or with housemates at high risk for COVID-19, being anxious about becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2, studying in one of the three largest medical schools, negatively evaluating the adjustment of the teaching personnel to online teaching and the university's response to the pandemic. The findings of this study report depression in one out of five medical students during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the need to protect the most vulnerable medical students during a pandemic. Medical students must be able to seek professional mental health services, even in the era of a pandemic. Universities should increase accessibility to support services and provide a student-centered approach in their strategies, as the pandemic has placed a spotlight on an existing phenomenon.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41132112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early maladaptive schemas and symptoms of psychopathology in children in residential care.","authors":"George Tsouvelas, Michaila Chondrokouki, Xenia Antoniou, George Nikolaidis","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.007","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.007","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>According to schema theory, early maladaptive schemas (EMS) contribute to the onset and development of psychopathology. Given that research on EMS in children is limited, the contribution of the present study is that it investigates the role of EMS in psychopathology in children living in residential care. Participants of the present study were children who lived in residential care and were referred for assessment to the Day Center \"The House of the Child\" run by the Organisation \"The Smile of the Child\". The study sample comprised of 75 children (35 boys, 40 girls), mean age 12.7 years old. The Greek version of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist was completed by the child's caregiver, whereas the Greek version of the Schema Questionnaire for Children was administered to children. The research questions were explored by implementing both variable-focused (multiple regression) as well as person-focused (cluster analysis) techniques. The Confirmatory Factor Analysis conducted in the Schema Questionnaire for Children showed acceptable goodness of fit indices. The Vulnerability schema was found to be the highest scoring schema. Social isolation was a strong predictor for most indicators of psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing). Strong predictor for the Symptoms of Withdrawal, Anxiety/Depression, Social Problems and Thought Problems was the EMS of Failure. Hierarchical cluster analysis on schemas revealed two strong clusters, one with low scores and one with high scores in most EMS. In the cluster with high levels of EMS, Emotional deprivation, Failure, Defectiveness, Social isolation and Abandonment showed the highest scores. In this cluster, children presented statistically significant burdened indicators in externalizing psychopathology. Our hypotheses that EMS and, especially, schemas related to the domains of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy/Performance would be predictive indicators of psychopathology were confirmed. Cluster analysis confirmed the above findings and highlighted the role of schemas Emotional deprivation and Defectiveness in the emergence of psychopathology symptoms. The results of the current study highlight the importance of assessing EMS in children who live in residential care and could inform the development of appropriate intervention programs in this population to prevent the establishment of psychopathology.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9304307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The impact of meteorological factors on involuntary admission in Attica, Greece.","authors":"Ioannis Rizavas, Rossetos Gournellis, Nikos Pantazis, Fotios Chatzinikolaou, Phoebe Douzenis, Vasiliki Efstathiou, Kostas Lagouvardos, Athanasios Douzenis","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.011","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Few studies in the literature have examined the effect of meteorological factors, especially temperature, on psychiatric hospitalization and even less on their association with involuntary admission. This study aimed to investigate the potential association of meteorological factors with the involuntary psychiatric hospitalization in the region of Attica, Greece. The research was conducted at the Psychiatric Hospital of Attica \"Dafni\". This was a retrospective time series study of 8 consecutive years of data (2010 to 2017) and included 6887 involuntarily hospitalized patients. Data on daily meteorological parameters were provided from the National Observatory of Athens. Statistical analysis was based on Poisson or negative binomial regression models with adjusted standard errors. Analyses were initially based on univariable models for each meteorological factor separately. All meteorological factors were taken into account through factor analysis and then, through cluster analysis, an objective grouping of days with similar weather type was performed. The resulting types of days were examined for their effect on the daily number of involuntary hospitalizations. Increases in maximum temperature, in average wind speed and in minimum atmospheric pressure values were associated with an increase in the average number of involuntary hospitalizations per day. Increase of the maximum temperature above 23 °C at lag 6 days before admission did not affect significantly the frequency of involuntary hospitalizations. Low temperature and average relative humidity above 60% levels had a protective effect. The predominant day type at lag 1 to 5 days before admission showed the strongest correlation with the daily number of involuntary hospitalizations. The cold season day type, with lower temperatures and a small diurnal temperature range, northerly winds of moderate speed, high atmospheric pressure and almost no precipitation, was associated with the lowest frequency of involuntary hospitalizations, whereas the warm season day type, with low daily temperature and small daily temperature range during the warm season, high values of relative humidity and daily precipitation, moderate wind speed/gust and atmospheric pressure, was associated with the highest. As climate change increases the frequency of extreme weather events, it is necessary to develop a different organizational and administrative culture of mental health services.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9880610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stigma and discrimination among persons with mental illness in a tertiary care medical institution in Southern India.","authors":"Shashwath Sathyanath M, Sachin Beesanahalli Shanmukhappa, Anil Kakunje, Santanu Nath, Mohanchandran Varikara Veetil","doi":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.013","DOIUrl":"10.22365/jpsych.2023.013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The proportional contribution of mental disorders to the total disease burden in India has almost doubled since 1990. Stigma and discrimination are major barriers to seeking treatment for persons with mental illness (PMI). Stigma reduction strategies are thus crucial, and for this, there needs to be an understanding of the various factors associated with them. The current study intended to assess stigma and discrimination in PMI visiting the department of psychiatry in a teaching hospital in Southern India and their association with various clinical and sociodemographic factors in them. The index study was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving consenting adults who presented to the department of psychiatry with mental disorders from August 2013 to January 2014. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using a semi-structured proforma, and the Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC-12) was used to assess discrimination and stigma. Most of PMI suffered from bipolar disorder, followed by depression, schizophrenia, and other disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, somatoform disorder, and substance use disorder. Discrimination was experienced by 56% of them and 46% had stigmatizing experiences. Both discrimination and stigma were found to be significantly associated with their age, gender, education, occupation, place of residence, and illness duration. While PMI suffering from depression experienced the highest discrimination, those with schizophrenia faced the stronger stigma. Binary logistic regression revealed depression, family history of psychiatric illness, age of less than 45 years, and rural locality of residence to be the significant determinants of discrimination and stigma. The study thus found that stigma and discrimination were associated with multiple social, demographic, and clinical factors in PMI. A rights-based approach to PMI is the need of the hour to tackle stigma and discrimination, which is already included in recent Indian acts and statutes. Implementation of these approaches is the need of the hour.</p>","PeriodicalId":20741,"journal":{"name":"Psychiatrike = Psychiatriki","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9869508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}