Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health最新文献_第3页

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) 获得性免疫缺陷综合症(艾滋病)

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0071

Q. Karim, Urisha. Singh, C. Baxter, S. A. Abdool Karim

引用次数: 0

New communication technologies, social media, and public health 新的通信技术、社会媒体和公共卫生

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0025

P. Sullivan, A. Siegler, L. Hightow-Weidman

{"title":"New communication technologies, social media, and public health","authors":"P. Sullivan, A. Siegler, L. Hightow-Weidman","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0025","url":null,"abstract":"New communications technologies constitute a rapidly changing field with tremendous opportunities for public health practice. Platforms include a variety of apps, which share the general characteristics of platforms to share words, text, and video content, but which have important differences in their preferred formats of media, strategies for sharing information within social networks, and user bases. These technologies can facilitate public health efforts through the provision of information, as portals for communication with those in need of services, and as platforms for public health interventions. Social media platforms also give rise to the possibility of using public data to increase understanding of health concerns and programmes—for example, using public data on internet searches or social media postings to identifying trends in infectious diseases. Despite these exciting possibilities, there are important heterogeneities globally in the coverage of smartphone devices, in data speed, and in access to data services. There are also important considerations about possible harms of technologies, and about privacy concerns for users of social media in the context of public health.","PeriodicalId":206715,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122495088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Behavioural economics and health 行为经济学与健康

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0050

Alison N Buttenheim, H. Thirumurthy

引用次数: 1

Information systems in support of public health in high-income countries 支持高收入国家公共卫生的信息系统

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0023

T. Staa, L. Smeeth

{"title":"Information systems in support of public health in high-income countries","authors":"T. Staa, L. Smeeth","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0023","url":null,"abstract":"Public health activities are dependent on the availability of information and ability to disseminate information to clinicians/healthcare providers, individuals, and communities. The increasing computerization of healthcare systems can offer opportunities to improve these activities. Databases of electronic healthcare records are used for disease surveillance and monitoring healthcare interventions. The quality and quantity of reporting of notifiable diseases may be improved by regular review of the electronic healthcare records. Randomized trials that recruit patients at the point of care and use electronic healthcare records for collection of follow-up information can be used to test the effectiveness of healthcare intervention in routine clinical practice. Cluster trials that randomize different clinics or regions can compare different public health policies and improve the evidence base for the pragmatic use of public health interventions. Data generated within clinical information systems can be used to provide feedback and guidance to clinicians and patients as part of clinical care. Better information systems providing data on risks and benefits of healthcare interventions will provide an important impetus to evidence-based public health.","PeriodicalId":206715,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128565071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intersectional and social epidemiology approaches to understanding the Influence of race, ethnicity, and caste on global public health 了解种族、民族和种姓对全球公共卫生影响的交叉和社会流行病学方法

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0088

Jennifer L. Beard, Nafisa Halim, S. Abdalla, S. Galea

{"title":"Intersectional and social epidemiology approaches to understanding the Influence of race, ethnicity, and caste on global public health","authors":"Jennifer L. Beard, Nafisa Halim, S. Abdalla, S. Galea","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0088","url":null,"abstract":"Ethnicity, race, caste, sex, and gender are characteristics that can determine social status, health, and illness for both individuals and communities. They are among the many attributes that social epidemiologists account for when conducting research to understand the forces driving health disparities. Intersectional theory posits that each individual comprises multiple, interlocking identities that are projected on to them by the society in which they live. These identities confer multilayered privilege or disadvantage based on context-specific power dynamics, social norms, and biases. Intersectionality is a perspective that grew out of the social justice movements that have shaken entrenched systems of power and social norms over the last 60 years. Intersectional theory challenges traditional epidemiological methods of measuring associations between demographic variables and health outcomes. It also offers social epidemiology an opportunity to explore new methodologies that illuminate factors contributing to health disparities and promote social justice as core research objectives. This chapter illustrates intersections between social determinants and health outcomes in a descriptive case study focused on India and explores innovative methods for incorporating intersectionality into epidemiological research methods and analysis.","PeriodicalId":206715,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134505543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Training of public health professionals in developing countries 培训发展中国家的公共卫生专业人员

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780199661756.003.0243

V. Saphonn, S. Hone, R. Detels

引用次数: 0

Transformative learning for health professional in the twenty-first century for the future health workforce 面向21世纪卫生专业人员的变革性学习，面向未来的卫生工作人员

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0103

W. Chuenkongkaew, S. Wibulpolprasert

引用次数: 0

Forced migrants and other displaced populations 被迫移民和其他流离失所人口

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0092

C. Bateman, A. Zwi, R. Detels, R. Beaglehole, M. Lansang, M. Gulliford

引用次数: 1

Principles of outbreak investigation 疫情调查原则

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0028

S. Iamsirithaworn, P. Thammawijaya, K. Ungchusak

{"title":"Principles of outbreak investigation","authors":"S. Iamsirithaworn, P. Thammawijaya, K. Ungchusak","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"Outbreak investigation is an essential function of public health professionals. It is an opportunity to gain new knowledge of diseases and to discover the weaknesses of current public health practices and systems. Unfortunately, most outbreaks are not investigated. This chapter will present the principles and important points about outbreak investigation. The reader will learn about how to detect outbreaks from routine official surveillance and unofficial sources. The reader can assume oneself as an investigator who has to organize the team, review previous knowledge, and prepare the technical and management aspects, before starting the investigation. The reader will learn about the major ten steps in the investigation, with examples, which starts by confirming the existence of the outbreak, verifying the diagnosis, gathering case information, descriptive epidemiology, formulating and testing the hypothesis when necessary, conducting environmental surveys to supplement epidemiological evidence, providing timely on-site reporting of the findings, with practical recommendations to local and national responsible authorities, and communicating risk to health professional community and public. The reader is reminded about the need to follow-up on the recommendations and continue vigorous surveillance of the health problem. The chapter ends by forecasting more joint international investigations to control emerging diseases and new problems. After reading this chapter, the reader should be clear that outbreak investigation is an interesting, challenging, and important task requiring a competent investigator who combines sound scientific knowledge and good management.","PeriodicalId":206715,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health","volume":"158 6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125928364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Environmental health methods 环境卫生方法

Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1093/med/9780198816805.003.0053

Chien-Jen Chen, S. You

引用次数: 0