Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.最新文献_第7页

Dominating taxonomic composition of the early life gut microbiota and influencing factors in infants up to seven months of age in Latvia 主导的早期生命肠道微生物群的分类学组成和影响因素在拉脱维亚婴儿7个月的年龄

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0101

Egija Zelča, D. Gudrā, Ērika Lūse, Jana Peterleviča, M. Ustinova, D. Fridmanis, I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, I. Daugule

{"title":"Dominating taxonomic composition of the early life gut microbiota and influencing factors in infants up to seven months of age in Latvia","authors":"Egija Zelča, D. Gudrā, Ērika Lūse, Jana Peterleviča, M. Ustinova, D. Fridmanis, I. Rumba-Rozenfelde, I. Daugule","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0101","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0101","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract It has been hypothesised that the establishment of stable adult microbiota is programmed in infancy, and therefore early life gut colonisation may lead to a lifelong microbiota pattern with significant effects on health. The aim of the study was to analyse the composition of gut microbiota and influencing factors in infants up to seven months of age in Latvia. A cross-sectional study was performed at primary healthcare centres. The parents of healthy infants filled out a questionnaire and brought the child’s faecal sample. 16 rRNS gene sequencing was performed to identify the bacterial taxonomic units. The composition of gut microbiota was compared between children with different risk factors. The final participant sample group included 55 infants with median age 4.0 months. The infant gut microbiota of the sample group had typical and rather healthy microbiota — the main phyla detected were Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, the main family was Bifidobacteriacea and genus — Bifidobacterium. A significant effect of the type of delivery and feeding type was identified, as well as negative correlation between Lactobacilli and gestational age. Further, it would be important to analyse the changes of microbiota prospectively to identify the association with environmental factors and health status in dynamics.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"68 6 1","pages":"657 - 664"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87654291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Surgical and non-surgical treatment of paediatric appendicitis: can algorithms help us to predict perforation? 小儿阑尾炎的手术和非手术治疗:算法能帮助我们预测穿孔吗?

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0092

A. Eņģelis, M. Kakar, A. Zviedre, P. Laizāns, Timurs Zurmutai, J. Bormotovs, A. Petersons

{"title":"Surgical and non-surgical treatment of paediatric appendicitis: can algorithms help us to predict perforation?","authors":"A. Eņģelis, M. Kakar, A. Zviedre, P. Laizāns, Timurs Zurmutai, J. Bormotovs, A. Petersons","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0092","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The recent interest in and evidence of non-surgical treatment with antibiotic therapy has led to the recurring issue of differentiating acute no-complicated appendicitis (AnA) and acute complicated appendicitis (AcA) when these are presented in an emergency department. To create the initial version of an acute appendicitis (AA) diagnostic and treatment algorithm, we analysed treatment results of 178 children with AnA and AcA treated at the Children’s Clinical University Hospital in Rīga, in the period between 2010 and 2013. Evaluation of the clinical symptoms, laboratory and radiological findings was included in development of the algorithm. The algorithm was created in 2016 and accepted by the hospital administration. We present the algorithm’s updated version of 2020. The introduction of diagnostic scores and algorithms has standardised and improved the diagnosis of paediatric AA. New diagnostic tests with higher sensitivity and specificity may improve the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms. Measuring multiple effective biomarkers simultaneously may improve the accuracy of diagnostic algorithms and predict the severity of paediatric AA. Machine learning algorithms may be able to process a much larger amount of data and provide a faster conclusion, helping the surgeon make the right decision in diagnosing appendicitis in children and prevent unnecessary surgery.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"199 1","pages":"595 - 601"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76399900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of body mass index on parameters of the left atrium: cardiac computed tomography study 身体质量指数对左心房参数的影响:心脏计算机断层扫描研究

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-12-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0098

Viktorija Verhovceva, L. Zvaigzne, K. Jubele, O. Kalējs

{"title":"Impact of body mass index on parameters of the left atrium: cardiac computed tomography study","authors":"Viktorija Verhovceva, L. Zvaigzne, K. Jubele, O. Kalējs","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0098","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Increased Body Mass Index (BMI) is often used as a predictor for cardiovascular diseases, and it is also known to be associated with left atrial enlargement, potentially affecting anatomic structures of the left atrium. The aim of the study was to determine the association between BMI and parameters of the left atrium, including characteristics of the pulmonary veins (PVs), found in cardiac computed tomography (CT) scan. The retrospective study included 140 patients with a mean age of 66.9 years (SD = 7.8). There were statistically significant correlations between BMI and volume changes of the left atrium during the cardiac cycle: Vmax (rs = 0.199, p = 0.023), Vmin (rs = 0.177, p = 0.043), Vmean (rs = 0.190, p = 0.029), which supports previously known data. The study also revealed unique associations regarding the impact of BMI on PV structures. There was a significant correlation between BMI and PV orifice size in the left inferior PV (rs = 0.216, p = 0.032) and the right accessory PV (rs = –0.629, p = 0.012). The right PV angle was positively correlated with BMI (rs = 0.178, p = 0.044), while the angle between left PVs did not show any correlation with BMI (p = 0.436). The results support previously known associations between increased BMI and left atrial enlargement and show a statistically significant effect of increased BMI on the characteristics of pulmonary veins.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"53 1","pages":"636 - 640"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84702370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Life Cycle Assessment for Olive Production: A Case Study for the Region of Trás-os-Montes, Portugal 橄榄生产的生命周期评估:葡萄牙Trás-os-Montes地区的案例研究

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0081

T. Brito, A. Fernandes-Silva

{"title":"Life Cycle Assessment for Olive Production: A Case Study for the Region of Trás-os-Montes, Portugal","authors":"T. Brito, A. Fernandes-Silva","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0081","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The olive tree (Olea europaea L.), widely cultivated in the Mediterranean countries for olive oil and table olive production, has an important economic role. In the age of climate change, it is crucial to know the importance of environmental impacts associated to the production system. Thus, the aim of this study was to characterise the environmental impacts of a semi-intensive olive orchard drip irrigated with ground water, located in the Northeast Region of Portugal. Life cycle analysis was conducted according to ISO 14040. We used openLCA software, the Agribalyse V. 3 database, and a cradle-to-gate analysis in the impact assessment (Recipe Midpoint (H) V1.13). In the climate change category, the results indicated that for production of 1 kg olives, a total of 0.249 kg CO2-Eq. were emitted to the atmosphere. Regarding the direct impact of production system, a total of 0.177 kg CO2-Eq. (71.5%) were emitted, followed by indirect impacts associated with raw material of the irrigation system (0.032 kg CO2-Eq. total, 12.7%), and electricity needed to pump ground water (0.012 kg CO2-Eq., 4.8%). In relation to inputs for production, the raw material for urea production contributed 0.013 kg CO2-Eq. (5.0%) of total emissions. To the best of our knowledge, this study was the first carried out in this region, and contributes to a better understanding of environmental impacts that will allow their minimisation and ensure olive orchard sustainability.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"5 1","pages":"526 - 530"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75549124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mechanical Thinning Improves the Consistency of Flowering and Yield in Apple Production 机械间伐提高苹果开花和产量的一致性

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0084

E. Rubauskis, Dāniels Udalovs, I. Borisova

{"title":"Mechanical Thinning Improves the Consistency of Flowering and Yield in Apple Production","authors":"E. Rubauskis, Dāniels Udalovs, I. Borisova","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0084","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most apple cultivars tend to bear biennially, i.e. produce many fruits in one and few fruits in the next year, or do not have a nature of self-thinning. The effectiveness of chemical thinning depends on conditions, particularly temperature, at the time of application. In some other fruit-growing regions, the mechanical thinning of flowers is adapted to some cultivars by changing the speed of moving and rotation of the mechanisms to conduct partial thinning — removing of flowers. The investigation aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of total flower removal mechanically on one side of the tree row, and on the other side the next year, during the full production period (8th to 12th year after planting) to obtain regular yields. Seven cultivars on dwarfing rootstocks M.9 and B.396 were compared. Apple trees on the dwarfing rootstock B.396 were less affected by biennial yielding. Cultivars had a strong relation to yield — ‘Gita’ (Vf), ‘Konfetnoye’ and ‘Kovalenkovskoye’ had less fluctuation yearly, while ‘White Transparent’, ‘Rubin’ (Kazah.), ‘Antei’, and ‘Ligol’ performed opposite. There was a positive influence observed on reduction of periodicity by mechanical flower thinning, however, there is a discussion on cumulative yield reduction.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"36 1","pages":"543 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77360071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Integrated Assessment of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.) Accessions from the ex situ Collection of Genetic Resources 牛至(Origanum Vulgare L.)的综合评价遗传资源迁地馆藏资料

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0070

I. Sivicka, A. Adamovics, O. Sokolova, G. Lācis, Baiba Krivmane

{"title":"Integrated Assessment of Oregano (Origanum Vulgare L.) Accessions from the ex situ Collection of Genetic Resources","authors":"I. Sivicka, A. Adamovics, O. Sokolova, G. Lācis, Baiba Krivmane","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) is one of the priority medicinal and aromatic plants in Europe because of its broad potential for use and distribution assessments of the species. The involvement of oregano genetic resources in cultivation can solve the problems of depletion of natural habitats and allows receiving high yield in marginal meteorological conditions. Also, ex situ conservation is the most applicable method for conserving local species of medicinal and aromatic plants in Nordic Europe. There is limited information about the characterisation and evaluation of oregano genetic resources in Latvia and Europe. In this study, long-term observations on 44 oregano accessions maintained at the ex situ collection of medicinal and aromatic plants of the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, were characterised by the Draft Descriptor List under the agro-climatic conditions of Latvia. Integrated assessment of oregano genetic resources was made to recommend the most valuable accessions for growing.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"38 1","pages":"455 - 463"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84042054","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mixing Hydrogel Granules into Peat Substrate Improves Germination and Enhances Growth and Physiological Performance of Tomato Seedlings 在泥炭基质中掺入水凝胶颗粒可以提高番茄幼苗的萌发率，提高幼苗的生长和生理性能

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0083

A. Balliu, Erjald Haxhiu, G. Sallaku

{"title":"Mixing Hydrogel Granules into Peat Substrate Improves Germination and Enhances Growth and Physiological Performance of Tomato Seedlings","authors":"A. Balliu, Erjald Haxhiu, G. Sallaku","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0083","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The effects of hydrogel granules mixed with peat substrate on germination, morphological and physiological parameters of plugged seedlings were tested in tomato seedlings, at two different irrigation regimes. Due to hydrogel presence, the germination speed was increased, whereas mean germination time was significantly reduced. Slight improvement was recorded regarding final germination, but no effect was found regarding the synchronisation index and seedling vigour index. Due to addition of hydrogel granules a significant increase occurred in dry matter of shoots and plants. No effect was found regarding dry matter of roots, but the presence of hydrogel granules significantly reduced the length of tap root. Interestingly, stomata conductance and chlorophyll index were higher than in control plants. No statistically significant interaction was found between hydrogel variants and irrigation frequency, i.e., the effect of different levels of hydrogel variants did not depend on irrigation frequency. Therefore, we recommend mixing hydrogel capsules into the substrate of plug seedlings to improve the morphological and physiological parameters of seedlings and reduce water and fertiliser leaching into the environment.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"3 1","pages":"536 - 542"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89067487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Frost Resistance Potential of Hybrid Apple Seedlings of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding after Artificial Thawing 俄罗斯水果作物育种研究所杂交苹果苗人工解冻后的抗冻潜力

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0078

Z. Ozherelieva, E. Sedov

{"title":"Frost Resistance Potential of Hybrid Apple Seedlings of Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding after Artificial Thawing","authors":"Z. Ozherelieva, E. Sedov","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0078","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goal of our work was to assess the ability of hybrid apple seedlings and their parent forms to maintain frost resistance during the thaw period, by using artificial freezing methods. Apple resistance was studied in the laboratory by modelling the damage factors of the frost resistance component III with the use of a climatic chamber. All of the studied hybrid apple seedlings from all used crossing combinations showed a sufficient level of frost resistance under modelling of a three-day artificial thaw (+2 °C) with subsequent temperature lowering to –25 °C. The damage of bark, cambium and wood in all of the studied hybrid seedlings was reversible and did not exceed a 2.0 point rating on a 5-point scale. The temperature rise up to +2 °C during three days in February did not cause the activation of growth processes in buds and bark and did not dramatically affect hybrid apple seedlings. According to the results of the artificial freezing, hybrid apple seedlings of the 6026 family (‘Imrus’ × ‘Krasa Sverdlovska’) and hybrids of the 6030 family (‘Svezhest’ × ‘Pepin Orlovsky’) showed the largest potential frost resistance after a thaw in winter.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"105 1","pages":"505 - 511"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86967516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Goji Berry (Lycİum spp.) Cultivation in Turkey 枸杞(Lycİum属)在土耳其的栽培

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0064

İ. Oğuz, H. I. Oğuz, Ayşen Alay Vural, N. Kafkas

{"title":"Goji Berry (Lycİum spp.) Cultivation in Turkey","authors":"İ. Oğuz, H. I. Oğuz, Ayşen Alay Vural, N. Kafkas","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0064","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The goji berry (Lycium spp.) belongs to the Solanaceae family. The genus Lycium comprises 87 recognised species and is distributed in arid and semi-arid regions in temperate to subtropical zones in the world. In botanical terms, there are three types of Lycium species known as wolf-berry and commercially grown in the whole world: Lycium barbarum L. (2n = 24), Lycium chinense Miller (n = 12), and Lycium ruthenicum Murray (n = 12). Wolfberry is a herb growing naturally in both the mild and tropical areas of East, Southeast Asia, and Southern Africa. Also known as wolfberry (Lycium spp.), the motherland of wolfberry is China and it can even be grown in the Himalayas, the highest points of Tibet and Mongolia. Recently, in Turkey goji berry became a popular fruit due to its health benefit compounds, especially phenolic compounds (phenolic acids and flavonoids), carotenoids, tocopherol, ascorbic acid and antioxidant properties. The purpose of this study was to conduct a historical assessment of the botanic properties and cultivation of wolfberry plant and to provide information on the types and cultivars grown commonly in Turkey, distribution areas of production, consumption and use as a technologic product, marketing status, benefits for human health, multiplication and production techniques.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"32 1","pages":"409 - 416"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74639870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Current Achievements of the Latvian Apple Breeding Programme 拉脱维亚苹果育种计划的最新成果

Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. Pub Date : 2022-08-01 DOI: 10.2478/prolas-2022-0066

L. Ikase, I. Drudze, G. Lācis

{"title":"Current Achievements of the Latvian Apple Breeding Programme","authors":"L. Ikase, I. Drudze, G. Lācis","doi":"10.2478/prolas-2022-0066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2022-0066","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The commercial apple growing industry in Latvia has a lack of climate adapted modern cultivars. The Latvian apple breeding programme is targeted at cultivars adapted to the cool climate of Baltic countries and Scandinavia, with fruit quality and storage suitable for commercial production. Since 1989, scab resistance (Rvi6, Rvi5) donors are included in crosses. Several cultivars already show commercial promise — ‘Dace’, ‘Gita’, ’Monta’ (Rvi6) and the polygenic resistant ‘Laila’ and ‘Pure Ametist’. However, in 2020, the Rvi6 resistance was overcome in Latvia. Donors of polygenic scab tolerance may prove a better alternative. The most successful donors have been ‘Iedzēnu’, ‘Eksotika’, ‘Alesya’, and ‘Bohemia’. Marker assisted gene pyramiding was started, including markers linked to the resistance genes Rvi5 and Rvi6. Scab resistant cultivars ‘Edite’, ‘Felicita’, ‘Ligita’, and ‘Paulis’ show low susceptibility to Neonectria ditissima canker. To achieve high fruit quality and good storage, worldwide commercial cultivars are crossed with local adapted cultivars. Such crosses that have been registered include ‘Inta’, ‘Lora’, and ‘Saulesmeita’. Recent crosses for quality include ‘Honeycrisp’, where H-1-07-36 and H-1-07-42 show most promise. Improved biochemical content and flesh structure is one of the main targets. An additional line of breeding is aimed at ornamental and cider apples. The scab resistant Nr.19-97-154 (Cidross) was selected for cider. The red leaf columnar apple ‘Karlens’ and the compact red-leaf crab ‘Auce’ have been registered.","PeriodicalId":20651,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences.","volume":"10 1","pages":"424 - 431"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90455127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4