Production and Operations Management最新文献

{"title":"EXPRESS: “Run Forrest Run!”: Measuring the Impact of App-Enabled Performance and Social Feedback on Athletic and Usage Outcomes","authors":"Yash Babar, Jason Chan, Ben Choi","doi":"10.1177/10591478241254857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241254857","url":null,"abstract":"Exercise-tracking apps are digital tools for delivering personalized behavioral interventions. Despite the growing usage of exercise applications, the efficacy of in-exercise app features in driving usage and athletic outcomes remains poorly understood. To remain competitive, sports organizations now need to leverage tracking tools to efficiently allocate resources and streamline training regimens and interventions for their core assets (i.e., athletes). In response to these operational needs, we examine two specific forms of such in-exercise interventions, namely performance feedback and social feedback. We conducted an 18-month-long field study with 1,037 uniformed group servicemen to assess the effect of these feedback types on running and usage outcomes. Results from the field study provided evidence that these two app features improved the servicemen’s running times and frequency of application usage, on average. Contrary to the common belief that more features are better, the joint usage of two feedback features does not produce additive effects. Tests at more granular levels suggest that users who received both feedback types in exercise episodes exhibit overconfidence behavior by participating in fewer subsequent exercises. The receipt of both feedback may be redundant and can cause user annoyance. Heterogeneity tests revealed that while performance feedback benefited most runners, social features were effective only for already stronger runners. Also, only positive social feedback had a significant impact on running performance. The results further indicate that performance feedback generated a slow but sustained increase in usage frequency, while social feedback spurred quick initial growth in usage but dwindled in effectiveness over time. Implications for theory and practice, as well as directions for further research, are discussed.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141022168","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Admission Control in Multi-server Systems under Binary Reward Structure","authors":"Wei Liu, Vidyadhar G. Kulkarni","doi":"10.1177/10591478241254855","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241254855","url":null,"abstract":"We study a multi-server queueing system where a customer is satisfied (and generates a unit revenue) if their queueing time is at most a given constant. If the queueing time of the admitted customer exceeds this constant, the customer gets served, but is unsatisfied and generates no revenue. Such queueing systems arise in the context of modeling service systems where excessive delays are of concern. A key challenge is how to design an admission control policy to maximize the number of satisfied customers per unit time in the long run, assuming that we can observe the number of customers in the system at any time. We call this the binary reward structure system and show that a threshold-type admission policy is optimal. The optimal threshold policy has to be computed numerically. Hence we propose a square-root admission policy to approximate the optimal admission control policy, and compare the performance of these two policies. We derive an analytical upper bound on the performance of optimal admission control policy by deriving an optimal admission policy assuming we have full information over the queueing time of the admitted customers. This is equivalent to a queueing system where customers abandon the queue (i.e., leave without service) if their queueing time exceeds the given constant. We demonstrate that the optimal policy that includes customer abandonment, or alternatively, the optimal policy under full information, the optimal threshold policy, and the square-root admission policy, all exhibit identical performance in the asymptotic regions of the parameter space. Our numerical results indicate that the worst optimality gap of the square-root admission policy is within 3.9% of the optimal revenue, and implementing the square-root admission policy in the observable queueing system leads to a revenue loss that is at most 5.6% of the maximum possible revenue rate in the full information system. We also compare the binary reward structure with the more common linear reward structure where the system incurs holding cost per unit queueing time per customer. In addition, we also show that the analysis based on queueing time is applicable to the system time as well.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141018861","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Contagious Stock Price Crashes along the Supply Chain","authors":"Buhui Qiu, Fangming Xu, Andy C. L. Yeung, Cheng (Colin) Zeng","doi":"10.1177/10591478241254854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241254854","url":null,"abstract":"Although risk management is widely regarded as an important topic within supply chain (SC) management, little research studies the contagious effect of risk factors along SC networks. By using stock price crashes as an indicator of risk factors, our study reveals that stock price crash risk can be transmitted from major customers to suppliers with a delay of up to two weeks. We show that the information opacity of suppliers is a factor that potentially contributes to the delayed crash contagion. We also find that the contagion effect becomes more pronounced as the importance of customers increases. Moreover, customer operational incidents have a more pronounced contagion effect on suppliers compared to customer financial incidents. Additionally, we find that suppliers tend to take strategic measures following the stock price crashes of their major customers, including diversifying their customer base, enhancing operational efficiency, and improving product quality. However, among these actions, only the improvement of operational efficiency effectively mitigates the adverse impact of customer stock price crashes on suppliers. Overall, our findings provide new insight into the distribution of risk factors across SC networks, highlighting the critical role of operational improvements in bolstering the resilience of firms to SC risks.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141020208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Managing Hybrid Manufacturing/Remanufacturing Inventory Systems with Random Production Capacities","authors":"Xiting Gong, Suting Liu","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252357","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider hybrid manufacturing/remanufacturing inventory systems that produce a single product to satisfy demands over a finite planning horizon. In each period, the firm receives random demand and returns of end-of-life products. A serviceable product can be manufactured from ample raw materials or remanufactured from a returned product. The two operations possess random dedicated capacities. The firm’s objective is to minimize the expected total discounted cost over the planning horizon. We partially characterize the firm’s optimal inventory policy when the two capacities are positively dependent and completely characterize it when only one capacity is random. When there is ample manufacturing capacity, we connect the model with an auxiliary dual-sourcing inventory model and derive a more detailed structure of the optimal policy. Finally, our numerical study provides actionable insights into the effects of random capacities. Among others, we find that approximating a slightly/moderately variable remanufacturing capacity as its deterministic mean capacity or ignoring the correlation between two random capacities under a multi-period setting incurs a limited cost to the firm.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140672057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Sharing the Shared Rides: Multi-party Carpooling Supported Strategy-Proof Double Auctions","authors":"Hao Yu, Min Huang, Xiaohang Yue","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252746","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252746","url":null,"abstract":"Multi-party carpooling emerges as a burgeoning shared transportation scheme whereby the trip shared by each driver is shared among multi-party riders whose itineraries coincide. Confronting the information asymmetry and the voluntary self-interested nature of bilateral participants in matching and pricing operations, this study designs Multiparty cArpooling SupporTed stratEgy-pRoof (MASTER) double auction mechanisms considering personalized carpooling constraints. First, in a scheduled carpooling scenario, two MASTERS mechanisms that masterfully blend the ideas of the famed trade reduction method and multi-stage approach are proposed which implement distinct group bid determination approaches for responding to different market conditions. Second, in an on-demand carpooling scenario, two parameterized MASTERO mechanisms that integrate frustration-based promotion to proactively prioritize matching and deferentially compensate riders based on their waits are contrived which also endow the platform with operational flexibility to agilely pursue alterable operational objectives by adjusting promotion strength. We prove theoretically that the proposed mechanisms satisfy strategy proofness (SP), budget balance (BB), individual rationality (IR), and asymptotic efficiency (AsE) under mild conditions. Experimental results reveal that multi-party carpooling constitutes a multi-win solution under higher rider-driver ratios whilst it could be detrimental to drivers otherwise, which can be ameliorated by favoring the driver side in determining promotion strength. Simulation studies manifest that our proposed auction mechanisms could bring benefits concerning allocation efficiency and service responsiveness compared with their academic and practical counterparts.We also shed light on choosing among alternative mechanisms according to market conditions and operational orientations.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140668846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Newsvendor Competition with Endogenous Biases","authors":"Xiaoyang Long, Yaozhong Wu","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252157","url":null,"abstract":"Extensive studies have revealed that newsvendor decisions by human decision-makers are often biased by cognitive limitations, and, therefore, fail to achieve optimal profits prescribed by normative models. These biases are typically considered as liabilities in individual inventory decision-making, and much research has focused on developing methods to debias the decision-maker—for example, by providing decision support tools. However, in competitive settings biases can provide a competitive advantage, such that a biased newsvendor may earn a higher profit than an unbiased one. This raises the question of whether and when firms should debias their decision-makers. In this paper, we analyze decision biases that are endogenous rather than exogenous in competing newsvendor games. Specifically, we develop a two-stage game theoretic model in which competing firms first select their decision-makers typefied by their bias levels, and then engage in a classic inventory competition game. Our analysis confirms the positive effect of the decision-maker’s bias on a firm’s economic outcome. However, this effect only appears in competitions in which decision biases are exogenously given. When biases are endogenously selected, firms are always (weakly) worse off than if they all had rational decision-makers. Our results suggest that debiasing at the industry level (e.g., adopting advanced inventory planning software) could benefit all players; however, individual firms do not have the incentive to do so in the absence of coordination mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Hiring Preference and Operational Complexity for Tribal Enterprises","authors":"Jacob Ornelas, Vincent W. Slaugh, Christopher K. Anderson","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252153","url":null,"abstract":"Native American-owned enterprises commonly use preference hiring to promote tribal self-sufficiency and include a population historically excluded from the workforce. Based on interviews with tribal casino executives, we describe how this socially important practice creates operational challenges and how some casinos have addressed these. First, we show that Native American population density and customer satisfaction at tribal casinos are negatively correlated. While managers acknowledge the possibility of some bias against Native Americans, they emphasize the importance of training for tribal enterprises to succeed in their use of preference hiring. We then explore how tribal preference affects workforce recruitment and retention. Finally, we present challenges faced by these organizations in day-to-day capacity planning. Enabled by the unique legal circumstances and ownership structure of tribal enterprises, Native American preference hiring represents an extraordinary commitment to including disadvantaged workers and offers lessons for other organizations seeking to promote diversity and inclusion.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140674298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Price Optimization for a Multi-Stage Choice Model","authors":"Jiaqi Shi, Ginger Y. Ke, Zizhuo Wang, Liming Zhang","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252154","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the real-world situations where a customer’s purchase choices in previous stages can influence the prices she encounters in subsequent stages, this research examines the multi-product price optimization problem under a multi-stage choice model. Particularly, the seller commits to a multi-stage pricing policy and determines product prices based on the customer’s purchase history, and the customer makes purchase decisions such that the total expected utility is maximized. We show that the pricing problem has a unique optimal solution under some mild conditions and the optimal solution satisfies a modified equal adjusted markup property. Based on the property, the problem can be solved efficiently by reducing it to a single-dimensional search problem. Moreover, the optimal pricing policy has an important property, namely, the product with a higher adjusted markup in earlier stages should always lead to lower prices in subsequent stages. We also show that compared to customers that are myopic, the seller should offer higher first-stage prices and lower second-stage prices to forward-looking customers, which will lead to a higher profit. Numerical analyses are also conducted to demonstrate the above results.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Diversity in Frontline Employee Perceptions: Policies and Procedures, Training, and Leadership as Drivers of Service Equality","authors":"Eve D. Rosenzweig, Ken Kelley, E. Bendoly","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252150","url":null,"abstract":"Excellent service is often discussed with an assumption of equivalency in its application, yet reality is far more complex. Customers have distinct needs that pose distinct challenges for frontline service employees. In hotel settings, providing excellent service to a diverse set of guests is more nuanced when frontline employees themselves are from a wide variety of backgrounds. Whereas the literature considers operational tactics to promote excellence in guest service, it is unclear whether training, policies and procedures, and leadership designed to advance excellence have the same impact on employees who, by virtue of their background, are more attuned to guests' needs. We extend the literature by empirically demonstrating that operational tactics impact frontline employees’ perceptions of service equality, with racial/ethnic minority employees seeing statistically distinct impacts. Employing a sample of 25,698 employee-year observations across 32 luxury hotels in the U.S. over three years, we find that codified policies and procedures, as well as training, improve assessments of guest service equality. In contrast, racial/ethnic minority employees are less impacted than their white counterparts by leadership stances that seem to promote equality more broadly. After controlling for time and other relevant employee- and hotel-level variables, operational tactics (a) improve perceptions of service equality, and (b) reduce the disparity between white and racial/ethnic-minority service-quality assessments. Our findings provide further direction for managers to elevate such perceptions of customer service equality across the board by leveraging training and by reinforcing clear operating policies and procedures.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140676750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"EXPRESS: Toward a More Diverse and Equitable Food Distribution System: Amplifying Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Food Bank Operations","authors":"Mikaya Hamilton, Benjamin F. Morrow, Lauren Davis, Shona Morgan, Julie S. Ivy, Steven Jiang, Min Chi, Kyle Hilliard","doi":"10.1177/10591478241252691","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/10591478241252691","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an evidence-based discussion of an ongoing effort within the operations of hunger relief organizations to address diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) by sourcing and distributing more culturally relevant food. Through nearly 100 interviews with food bank personnel in diverse roles (from partner agency relations to executives) representing various regions of the United States, we explore the challenges faced by different functional units within the organization. These interviews indicate a shift to more inclusive language, more personalized metrics, and more inclusive operations. We critically analyze the related literature and identify opportunities for infusing DEI- practices in the study of hunger relief supply chains.","PeriodicalId":20623,"journal":{"name":"Production and Operations Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140673726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"管理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}