Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science最新文献

{"title":"Design and kinematics analysis of a parabolic cylinder deployment mechanism with modular over-constrained triangular pyramid","authors":"Hui Yang, Dongtian Wu, Yan Wang, Hong Xiao","doi":"10.1177/09544062241262223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241262223","url":null,"abstract":"Space missions require novel mechanisms that can have compact form in complex space environments. This study proposes a modular triangular pyramid parabolic cylinder deployment mechanism. The modular deployable unit contains an over-constrained triangular pyramid deployable mechanism and a symmetrical trapezoidal Bricard linkage that drives the longitudinal and transverse motions of the mechanism. A cable net is added between two symmetrical linkages to form a parabolic cylindrical reflector and is analyzed by the force density method. The Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) coordinate method is used to analyze the kinematic characteristics. Based on the analytical solution for the angular displacement, the degrees of freedom of the mechanism are derived from screw theory. Subsequently, the angular velocity and acceleration of the joint points are obtained. Finally, kinematic models of the modular triangular pyramid parabolic cylinder deployable mechanism are established, and the accuracy of the theoretical model is verified using a numerical method. This novel parabolic cylinder deployable mechanism will have a significant influence in aerospace domain. Crucially, the work has value to design deployment mechanism for parabolic cylinder antenna.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical study on Fe3O4 nanoparticle separation from water flow using magnetic field: A 3D simulation","authors":"Mozhgan Farzin, Amin Haghighi Poshtiri, Ramin Kouhikamali","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259613","url":null,"abstract":"The development of magnetic separation technology using magnetic nanoparticles offers a promising avenue for targeted drug delivery and dealing with the upcoming water crises, environmental pollution and the gradual mineral resource depletion. In this study, a three-dimensional Lagrangian Discrete Phase Model (DPM) is carried out to simulate the performance of Fe<jats:sub>3</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> nanoparticles to improve the separation process under the influence of an external magnetic field within a horizontal pipe. The crucial role of the drag force in capture efficiency (CE) prompted its examination, simulating various drag models for groups of particles. The Stokes-Cunningham model, showing a 3.59% average error is a suitable choice compared to experimental results. The research examines the impact of effective parameters, including flow velocity, magnetic field intensity, wire location, particle size and mass flow rate, and pipe diameter on CE and flow pattern. The results show that increasing nanoparticle concentration reshapes the flow pattern due to secondary flows without significantly changing separation efficiency. Moreover, decreasing flow velocity, diminishes drag force and enhances magnetic force impact. Specifically, reducing the velocity to a third increases CE by 37%. Furthermore, capture capacity varies approximately linearly with electric current. Due to the magnetic force’s role as a volumetric force in interphase momentum transfer, the increase in particle size from 200 to 500 nm at 3 × 10<jats:sup>5</jats:sup> A enhances CE by nearly 50%. However, increasing the pipe diameter diminishes particle capture, attributed to higher Reynolds numbers. According to the results, the impact of increasing magnetic field intensity and particle size on CE improvement is notably more pronounced compared to the effect of flow velocity reduction. A comparative analysis of three injection types reveals that using the group injection type helps to select an appropriate injection location to increase CE and identify the final positions of nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and performance analysis of continuum manipulator with twisting rotation","authors":"Junfeng Hu, Hao Zhou","doi":"10.1177/09544062241261593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241261593","url":null,"abstract":"The continuum manipulator exhibits excellent flexibility, enabling it to navigate through unstructured and narrow spaces. However, the current motion capabilities of the continuum arm are limited to expansion, bending, or their combination, which restricts its application range and potential uses. Designing a continuum manipulator capable of twisting motion around its axis poses a significant challenge. In this study, we propose a torsion module for the continuum manipulator that enables twisting motions. This module comprises a central trunk made of a torsion spring and a driving mechanism consisting of two tendons arranged in cylindrical helix symmetry. By stretching these driving cables, the module can achieve twisting motion. We describe the principle behind torsional motion, establish a kinematic model for the continuum torsional module, and analyze how structural parameters affect its performance in terms of twisting motion. Furthermore, we construct a continuum arm incorporating this torsion module to enable both twisting and bending motions. We present examples showcasing the versatile capabilities of this continuum manipulator in various specialized scenarios. Experimental results demonstrate that the addition of torsional functionality enhances dexterity and expands design possibilities for continuum manipulators.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance enhancement of solar air heater with two-sided curvilinear transverse rib: Experimental and numerical investigation","authors":"Dharam Singh, Vikash Kumar","doi":"10.1177/09544062241258078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241258078","url":null,"abstract":"Solar energy as prime energy source draws attention of world due to its availability and eco-friendliness. Low performance of solar air heater create curiosity for researchers to increase its performance. To enhance performance of solar air heater active and passive techniques used by researcher. Surface modification is one of the most prominent passive techniques to improve the performance. Present experimental and numerical investigation explore thermal characteristics of two-sided curvilinear rib roughened solar air heater. An indoor experiment was performed on two side curvilinear rib roughened absorber plate having constant heat flux of 1000 W/m<jats:sup>2</jats:sup>. Parallelly 2-dimensional numerical simulation was also performed to explore flow behavior and to complete investigation within optimum cost. ANSYS Fluent 2021.R was used for performing this simulation with K-ε RNG model with enhanced wall treatment. Velocity inlet and pressure outlet was selected as boundary condition. Main roughness and flow parameters were relative roughness height ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.21–0.042), relative roughness pitch ( p/ e = 7.14–35.71), and Reynolds number ( Re = 3800–18,000). Maximum value of Nusselt number improvement ratio and friction factor improvement ratio was 3.17 and 3.26 at roughness and flow parameter of ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 15, Re = 15,000) and ( e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 7.14, Re = 3800) respectively. Thermohydraulic performance parameter achieved its maximum value of 2.77 at e/ D<jats:sub> h</jats:sub> = 0.042, p/ e = 17.85, and Re = 18,000.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Process improvement in Zamak injection machines for automotive component fabrication","authors":"José Luís Torres Alves Pereira, Raul Duarte Salgueiral Gomes Campilho, Francisco José Gomes da Silva","doi":"10.1177/09544062241262962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241262962","url":null,"abstract":"Die casting processes are nowadays widely used in the industry and differentiate from metal casting from the high-speed and pressure applied to inject the metal into the cavity. Due to this procedure, the produced parts manage to acquire better mechanical characteristics, dimensional precision, and smaller roughness. Due to the automation possibility, and mould coating possibilities, the process becomes cost competitive at significant production rates. However, to assure proper functioning and extended life of die casting equipment, it is necessary to continuously control the process variables, undertake maintenance, and implement process improvement actions to the production lines. The objective of the present work is to improve the efficiency of a Zamak die cast injection line for cable terminals used in Bowden or control cables for the automotive industry. By reducing wear and number of failures of standard components in this production line, and thus by diminishing the stoppage and replacement costs, it becomes possible to improve the current process. By applying specific improvements to the injection subset, heating element, and pump, including geometry modifications to the injection elements and respective interactions, heat treatments, higher power resistor, and groove/ring system in the pumps’ piston, a significant process improvement was accomplished by the proposed and tested modifications, leading to reduction of failures and operational costs, and consequently higher competitiveness of the process.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An improved transmission efficiency prediction method for nonlinear characteristics of the cycloid reducer","authors":"Xincheng Wang, Huaming Wang, Luyang Li, Linbo Hao","doi":"10.1177/09544062241258908","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241258908","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to accurately predict the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency of cycloid reducers under different operating conditions. Firstly, equivalent modeling of the multi-source errors (MSEs) in the designed cycloid reducer is conducted. Force analysis algorithms considering MSEs are proposed for the cycloid drive mechanism, the output mechanism, and the bearings. Secondly, mathematical models are established for the load-dependent power losses, while an equivalent test is used for modeling load-independent power losses. Subsequently, an improved transmission efficiency prediction (TEP) method for cycloid reducers is proposed, which is then applied to the performance prediction of a prototype under different operating conditions. The advantages of the improved TEP method over the conventional method are discussed, and the influences of MSEs and load-independent power losses on the nonlinear characteristics of transmission efficiency are summarized. Finally, tests are conducted for the reducer prototype, and the test results are found to be in good agreement with the results obtained by the proposed TEP method. The main contribution of this study is to establish a solid algorithmic and modeling foundation for the optimal design of nonlinear transmission efficiency in cycloid reducers and provide reliable guidance for their engineering applications.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783028","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study on the effect of bearing position and stiffness on the dynamic behavior of output stage of CHT system based on the cylindrical gear meshing","authors":"Xiaoyu Che, Rupeng Zhu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259609","url":null,"abstract":"The internal and external rotor shafts are important components to transfer power in coaxial helicopters, and bearing supports could affect the dynamic behavior of the transmission system. In order to explore the influence of bearing support structure, bearing position and support stiffness on the dynamic behavior of the output stage of coaxial helicopter transmission (CHT) system based on the cylindrical gear meshing, a rigid-flexible coupled dynamic model is established under cantilever-cantilever support structure and cantilever-simple support structure considering the flexibility of rotor shaft based on Timoshenko beam theory, and time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), comprehensive meshing error are also considered. Newmark-beta numerical method was applied to calculate the dynamic response. The result indicates that the load sharing performance of gear pair using cantilever-simple support structure is better than that of cantilever-cantilever structure, but the maximum vibration displacement of bull gears is reduced apparently. Simultaneously, the bearing positions and stiffness can be adjusted to achieve better performance in load distribution and maximum vibration displacement of bull gears.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Establishment of constitutive model and simulation study on sealing performance of special-shaped rubber cylinder for inner packer in deepwater pipeline","authors":"Lan Zhang, Guoqiang Zhang, Jing Wen, Feihong Yun, Ming Liu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241259610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241259610","url":null,"abstract":"It’s important to improve the sealing performance of the inner packer in deepwater pipelines, which is an emergency sealing and oil control equipment. The deformation characteristics and sealing stress conditions of the packer’s sealant cylinder are analyzed, and the hyperelastic constitutive model is determined based on uniaxial tensile experiments. The effective contact stress and effective contact range between the rubber cylinder and the pipe wall are the main parameters for evaluating the sealing performance. Through simulation, it was found that the rubber cylinder on the force application side plays a major sealing role, and severe stress can lead to shoulder protrusions. The location of fatigue damage on the rubber cylinder’s shoulder is consistent with the sea trial. Therefore, special-shaped rubber cylinders with different structures are designed to address the shoulder protrusion. The simulation shows that the sealing performance of the right-angled trapezoidal double-layer rubber cylinder with force applied on the slope side(S-RARC) is significantly better than the original rubber cylinder(ORC), and it does not produce shoulder protrusions.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Research on AZ31 magnesium alloy tee joint tube with lateral hole by hot extrusion forming with sand mandrel limited by stainless steel gasket","authors":"Shi Shengnan, Wang Hongyu, Li Yuanyuan, Sun Juncai, Huang Naibao, Sun Jie, Zhang Shunhu","doi":"10.1177/09544062241261546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241261546","url":null,"abstract":"As one of the lightest metals in the world, magnesium alloy can be used to reduce weight and save energy. Magnesium alloy tubes with different shapes can also further direct the transportation of fluid in this light weight. But the tee joint tube is difficult formed because of the complex shapes. In this paper, magnesium alloy tube is applied to form tee joint tube with sand mandrel. During the deformation, the magnesium alloy tube is driven by the sand mandrel pressed by the push. Different from traditional extruding with full tubes without hole on the sidewall, some tube with holes on the sidewalls are also used in the extrusion. All the key parameters such as extrusion depth, temperature, tube length, hole size, and hole location are discussed in both simulations and experiments. After the extrusion results are obtained, the microhardness and microstructures are observed to explain the promotion of the mechanical properties. Based on the results received from both simulations and experiments, deeper extrusion depth, higher temperature, shorter length of tube, larger size of the hole, and the higher location of the hole influence positively on forming results. No matter there are holes or not on the sidewalls, the errors between the results in simulation and experiment are small. Also the simulation and experiment results can be used to investigate the shape of tee joint tubes. The surface quality can be also measured to prove the surfaces in extrusion with sand mandrel acceptable. A novel strategy to sand mandrel extrusion of magnesium alloy tee joint tube by tube with holes on sidewall is provided.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141783022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Machinability investigation and surface modification of nano-TiB2 and AlN grafted MWCNT hybridized Al 7075 matrix ternary composite through powder-mixed EDM","authors":"Rahul Chandra Pradhan, Diptikanta Das, Barada Prasanna Sahoo, Chandrika Samal","doi":"10.1177/09544062241257088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/09544062241257088","url":null,"abstract":"This paper accentuates powder-mixed electrical discharge machining (EDM) performance of a newly designed nano-TiB<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and AlN grafted multiwall carbon nano-tube (MWCNT) hybridized Al 7075 matrix ternary composite. The hybrid metal matrix composite (MMC) was fabricated through squeeze casting route, preceded by two-stage reinforcement addition, mechanical agitation, and ultrasonic treatment. EDM was carried out using cryogenic treated Cu electrode and Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle-mixed dielectric medium. Influence of EDM process variables, that is, peak current ( I<jats:sub> P</jats:sub>), pulse-on time ( T<jats:sub> ON</jats:sub>), and powder concentration ( P<jats:sub> C</jats:sub>) on machinability of the hybrid MMC was studied considering material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and average surface roughness ( Ra) as quality indicators. Effects of machining and Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle addition on surface morphology of the hybrid MMC were also explored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping. Results reveal elevation of MRR, reduction of TWR and improvement of surface finish during powder-mixed EDM in comparison to the non-mixed (conventional) EDM. Maximum traces of Al<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>3</jats:sub> particle deposition was identified on the machined surfaces while using the powder concentration of 1.5 g/l within the dielectric.","PeriodicalId":20558,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141507238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}