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An evaluation of methods for measuring cardiac output with volumetric heating 容积加热测量心输出量方法的评价
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656882
M. Curley, P. Hamilton, J. Walsh, C.M. Rappaport, W. Newman
{"title":"An evaluation of methods for measuring cardiac output with volumetric heating","authors":"M. Curley, P. Hamilton, J. Walsh, C.M. Rappaport, W. Newman","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656882","url":null,"abstract":"Bolus thermodilution is presently the accepted method for measuring cardiac output, but bolus thermodilution suffers from various sources of measurement error and, due to fluid loading, can only supply periodic measurements. Cardiac output measurement using resistive heating overcomes some sources of measurement error and allows continuous monitoring of cardiac output. However, because the maximum safe power input is limited with surface heating, cardiac output measurements made using resistive heating are less accurate than those made using bolus thermodilution. The authors have investigated 3 methods for measuring cardiac output using volumetric heating: RF, microwave, and laser. Given the design constraints of a catheter device, volumetric heating allows a higher maximum safe power input than surface heating. The authors have demonstrated that, under realistic thermal noise conditions, all 3 volumetric heating methods are more accurate and reliable than resistive heating. The laser heating method seems to be the most practical to implement.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76117544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Elbow joint torque-angle-IEMG relation at constant muscle activities in voluntary contraction 随意收缩时恒定肌肉活动下肘关节扭矩-角度- iemg关系
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651875
T. Uchiyama, T. Bessho, Masaki Yoshida, K. Akazawa
{"title":"Elbow joint torque-angle-IEMG relation at constant muscle activities in voluntary contraction","authors":"T. Uchiyama, T. Bessho, Masaki Yoshida, K. Akazawa","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651875","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651875","url":null,"abstract":"The static relationship between elbow joint angle and torque at constant IEMGs was investigated with the aid of an artificial neural network technique. A normal volunteer was allowed to move his upper extremity freely on a horizontal plane, and was instructed to maintain his forearm posture at a target position against an external load applied to his wrist. Firstly, seven channel IEMGs, joint angles and torques around elbow and shoulder were measured. Secondly, the neural network model was constructed; inputs were IEMGs and joint angles, outputs were torques. Finally, elbow torque was estimated at various elbow angles with constant IEMGs by using the model. The torque of extensor muscles monotonically increased as flexion of the elbow joint. This characteristic was similar to that of monkey's triceps brachii. However the torque of flexor muscles increased and then decreased as extension of the elbow joint. This characteristic does not agree with the fundamental property of the equilibrium point hypothesis.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87233267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Study of near infrared imaging of a model of brain edema 脑水肿模型的近红外成像研究
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646455
L. Johnson, N. Thyakor, D. Hanley
{"title":"Study of near infrared imaging of a model of brain edema","authors":"L. Johnson, N. Thyakor, D. Hanley","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.646455","url":null,"abstract":"Currently, methods for the detection of brain edema in patients or laboratory experiments are not ideal. MRI does not permit time resolution of injury and intracranial pressure monitoring is invasive. The authors have performed experiments on a model of brain edema to examine near infrared imaging as a convenient, low cost and noninvasive method of monitoring brain edema. The authors prepared an in vitro model of edema consisting of serial dilutions of Intralipid/sup TM/, a fat emulsion, to simulate varying degrees of brain water content. NIR light at two wavelengths (920 nm and 980 nm) was used to assess the water content of Intralipid/sup TM/. The authors obtained a correlation coefficient of 0.98 between water content and NIR absorption difference. They used the CCD system to image a model with spatial variations in water content. Their preliminary results suggest NIR spectroscopy as a useful technique for monitoring brain edema in both clinical and laboratory settings.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75464608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Development of a cost-effective optical system for detection of cervical pre-cancer 开发一种具有成本效益的检测子宫颈癌前期的光学系统
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656911
E. V. Trujillo, D. Sandison, N. Ramanujam, M. Follen-mitchell, S. Cantor, R. Richards-Kortum
{"title":"Development of a cost-effective optical system for detection of cervical pre-cancer","authors":"E. V. Trujillo, D. Sandison, N. Ramanujam, M. Follen-mitchell, S. Cantor, R. Richards-Kortum","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656911","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical cancer is an important problem. The incidence of cervical pre-cancer is increasing, and unless current diagnostic techniques are improved, mortality and cost may increase substantially. The goal of our project is to find the most cost-effective optical system for the detection of cervical pre-cancer. Our hypothesis is that using fluorescence spectroscopy, a new technique for detection of cervical cancer and pre-cancer, will maintain the current technique's sensitivity, increase its specificity, and reduce its cost. In this paper we present a new method to calculate the fluorescence efficiency (FE) of human cervical tissue, based on in vivo measurements of 381 sites from 95 patients. This value is used in signal to noise ratio (SNR) calculations to evaluate the performance of different optical systems for detection of cervical pre-cancer. We verify that the predicted SNR values, obtained using FE, agree with the SNR of the patient's spectral data. We use the resulting data to generate a receiver-operator characteristic (ROC) curve that compares spectroscopy to the current standard of care. Finally, preliminary results of our economic analysis estimate that use of fluorescence spectroscopy could save $2.1 billion annually in the US.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80560406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
Image analysis for magnetic resonance elastography 磁共振弹性成像的图像分析
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651961
A. Manduca, R. Muthupillai, P. Rossman, J. Greenleaf, R. Ehman
{"title":"Image analysis for magnetic resonance elastography","authors":"A. Manduca, R. Muthupillai, P. Rossman, J. Greenleaf, R. Ehman","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651961","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651961","url":null,"abstract":"A newly developed magnetic resonance imaging technique can directly visualize propagating acoustic strain waves in tissue-like materials. By estimating the local wavelength of the acoustic wave pattern, quantitative values of shear modulus can be calculated and images generated that depict tissue elasticity or stiffness. Since tumors are significantly stiffer than normal tissue (the basis of their detection by palpation), this technique may have potential for \"palpation by imaging\", with possible application to the detection of tumors in breast, liver, kidney, and prostate. We describe the local wavelength estimation algorithm and show a variety of sample \"elastograms\"-images of elasticity-for both test phantoms and tissue samples.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78388342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
The effect of argon gas flow during electrosurgery 电手术中氩气流动的影响
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656923
R. J. van Vliet, R. Verdaasdonk, C. V. van Swol
{"title":"The effect of argon gas flow during electrosurgery","authors":"R. J. van Vliet, R. Verdaasdonk, C. V. van Swol","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656923","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656923","url":null,"abstract":"Electrosurgery has been used for over fifty years. Recently a new modality has been introduced: gas-enhanced electrosurgery. A flow of argon gas is blown along the active electrode. For clinical application the temperature distribution in the tissue is of interest. The effect of argon was investigated using two methods. (1) Visualizing the temperature distribution in phantom tissue using Schlieren techniques. (2) Tissue experiments with macroscopic evaluation of the lesions. The electrodes were moved over the tissue surface with different parameter settings for speed (1-4 mm/s), gas now (0, 5 or 9 l/min.), gas-outlet positioning (6, 13 and 21 mm above the tissue) and depth of the electrode in the tissue (0-4 mm). The extent of the coagulation zone seemed to be depend most on gas flow rate in combination with power and the distance of the gas-outlet. Argon gas-enhanced electrodes showed to be especially effective just touching the tissue to obtain a superficial coagulation of the surrounding tissue.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77724207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
PVC waveguide sensor for determination of ion concentration 离子浓度测定用PVC波导传感器
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656862
Kyung-Il Kim, H. Minamitani, H. Hisamoto, K. Suzuki, S. Kang
{"title":"PVC waveguide sensor for determination of ion concentration","authors":"Kyung-Il Kim, H. Minamitani, H. Hisamoto, K. Suzuki, S. Kang","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.656862","url":null,"abstract":"A PVC optical thin-film waveguide sensor is proposed which can select a specific ion and measure its concentration depending on materials added into the waveguide membrane. In order to investigate the applicability of this sensor to Ca/sup ++/ and Na/sup +/ measurement, the waveguide was fabricated with poly vinyl chloride (PVC), bis ethyl hexyl phthalate (BEHP), lipophilic anionic dye (LAD-3), and ionophores (K23E1 for Ca/sup ++/ or C14DD16C5 for Na/sup +/). For this purpose, the authors applied the sensor to a sample solution whose CaCl/sub 2/ concentration was gradually altered. Also, the authors applied it to an NaCl solution. In this experiment, they found that this PVC thin film waveguide possessed good ray propagation for 488 nm argon laser radiation. In addition, it showed the chemical reaction to ion enough to select it and measure its concentration. These findings suggested that the proposed PVC waveguide ion sensor is applicable to various ions.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91143316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Automatic detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms by entropy thresholding 熵阈值法在数字乳房x线照片中自动检测微钙化
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652715
Ping-Sung Liao, B. Hsu, C. Lo, P. Chung, Tse-Sheng Chen, San Kan Lee, L. Cheng, C.-I. Chang
{"title":"Automatic detection of microcalcifications in digital mammograms by entropy thresholding","authors":"Ping-Sung Liao, B. Hsu, C. Lo, P. Chung, Tse-Sheng Chen, San Kan Lee, L. Cheng, C.-I. Chang","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.652715","url":null,"abstract":"A system for automatically detecting microcalcifications in digital mammograms is presented. The proposed system, based on a sequence of preprocessing steps (gradient enhancement, mean contrast enhancement and Gaussian blurring-deblurring process) followed by segmentation using entropy thresholding, can effectively and efficiently detect the suspicious microcalcifications. The performance of the designed system is evaluated by skilled radiologists and shows encouraging results.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87522300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 9
Is the human arm made of tunable springs? 人的手臂是由可调弹簧制成的吗?
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651877
F. Popescu, Z. Rymer
{"title":"Is the human arm made of tunable springs?","authors":"F. Popescu, Z. Rymer","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651877","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to determine in what physiological conditions, if any, the human arm deviated from 'spring-like' behavior during movement. Simple, short force pulses applied in mid-motion were found to consistently shift the desired endpoint of a movement across all four subjects. Far from being spring-like, the human arm during simple point-to-point movement did not behave in a conservative manner and could not even be described as a stable passive dynamic system around a desired trajectory. In fact, muscle properties and automatic reflex response can result in significant deviations from the desired trajectory, with over-compensation in the form of an active response, without changes in 'central command'.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72982924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Blood flow measurement system for microcirculation by image correlation method 基于图像相关法的微循环血流测量系统
Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society Pub Date : 1996-12-01 DOI: 10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651927
K. Tsukada, H. Minamitani, E. Sekizuka, C. Oshio
{"title":"Blood flow measurement system for microcirculation by image correlation method","authors":"K. Tsukada, H. Minamitani, E. Sekizuka, C. Oshio","doi":"10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IEMBS.1996.651927","url":null,"abstract":"In order to elucidate the function of microcirculation system, which is essential for material transport in tissues and organs, it is very important to know blood flow velocity and its distribution in the microvessels. An image correlation method has been developed for the measurement of red blood cell (RBC) velocity in the microcirculation. Dynamic images of the blood flow are obtained in situ under microscopic observation using a high-speed video system and are processed to measure RBC velocity with a PC system. The results indicate that this system enable to analyze RBC velocity with a high-temporal resolution. This system is applied to RBC velocity measurements in liver and kidney as well as in mesentery. An anti-hypertensive agent is administered to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), and blood flow change is observed. The authors are able to show that this system is effective for pharmacological evaluation.","PeriodicalId":20427,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of 18th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78116933","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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