PLANT PROTECTION NEWS最新文献_第4页

Protection of spring wheat with biopreparations and fungicides in the forest steppe of Priobye: I. First results in extreme weather conditions 生物修复剂和杀菌剂对Priobye森林草原春小麦的保护:1 .首先导致极端天气条件

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15029

N. G. Vlasenko*, V. Pavlyushin, O. I. Teplyakova, O. Kulagin, D. Morozov

{"title":"Protection of spring wheat with biopreparations and fungicides in the forest steppe of Priobye: I. First results in extreme weather conditions","authors":"N. G. Vlasenko*, V. Pavlyushin, O. I. Teplyakova, O. Kulagin, D. Morozov","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15029","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents data on a comparative test of the efficacy of chemical, fungal and bacterial fungicides in limiting the harmfulness of main diseases of spring wheat. The research was carried out on leached chernozem of the forest-steppe of Priobye of the Novosibirsk region. It was shown that Sternifag, SP reduces the development of root rot at the end of the growing season by 48 %, which is comparable to the effect of a chemical dressing agent Scarlet, ME (imazalil+tebuconazole) and is slightly inferior to the action of combined application of fungal preparation Trichocin, SP with the bacterial preparation Vitaplan, SP (55 %). Preplanting seed treatment effectively reduced the development of leaf infections: Scarlet, ME suppressed the development of Septoria blotch by 54 %, Scarlet, ME + Vitaplan, SP – of powdery mildew by 69 %, Trichotsin,SP + Vitaplan, SP – of brown rust by 74 %. Fungicide Titul 390, KKR reduced the development of these diseases by 60, 81 and 85 %, respectively. Alirin-B, W with Trichocin, SP suppressed brown rust by 64 %. Cellulolytic activity increased 1.3–1.9 times compared to the control as a result of the action of biological products and Sternifag, SP. The amount of plant residues decreased 2.4 and 1.9 times 15 and 30 days after application. The greatest increase in yield was provided by chemical fungicides – 0.7 t / ha, they were not inferior to the use of Alirin-B, W with Vitaplan, SP against the background of etching with Scarlet, ME fungicide.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84362630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

The first detection of Botryosphaeria sinensis on white lupine 首次在白色羽扇豆上检出中华葡萄球绦虫

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15142

E. Gasich, A. Orina

引用次数: 0

Variability of infestation of rose varieties by the spider mite Tetranychus urticae under conditions of application of Phytoseiulus persimilis or acaricides 施用紫荆和杀螨剂条件下，荨麻叶螨侵染玫瑰品种的变异

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15129

V. Moor, A. Anisimov, E. Kozlova

引用次数: 0

Characterization of Zymoseptoria tritici populations in Belarus by morphologic and cultural features 白俄罗斯小麦酵母菌种群的形态和文化特征

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15053

N. Krupenko, I. Odintsova

引用次数: 1

Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics of Insects 昆虫分子诊断学导论

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-12-23 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15150

А. S. Ryabinin*, R. Bykov, V. Lapshina, А. А. Maslakova, М. А. Demenkova, Y. Ilinsky

{"title":"Introduction to Molecular Diagnostics of Insects","authors":"А. S. Ryabinin*, R. Bykov, V. Lapshina, А. А. Maslakova, М. А. Demenkova, Y. Ilinsky","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15150","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-4-15150","url":null,"abstract":"Insects play an important role in biocenoses due to their abundance and wide (cosmopolitan) distribution. Many insects are crop pests. An effective pest control could be realized in case of proper species identification, which is usually managed by morphological analysis. Molecular methods allow to deep study of many issues of insect biology. In particular, traditional approach can not ordinary identify a species at all stages of their life cycle, whereas molecular methods can it. This review covers a wide range of issues related to the molecular genetic analysis of insects. In the first section we consider the methods of fixation and storage of insect specimens, as well as their impact on DNA quality. Further, we provide general information on population study design. Various schemes of DNA extraction, examples of both express techniques and more thorough protocols for DNA extraction and their purification are provided. In addition, methods of DNA isolation that allow to preserve a specimen integrity for further morphological studies are considered. The methods of DNA quality control are described in detail, that is important for PCR analysis. The last section provides various methods of PCR analysis, that we exemplify by studies aimed to elucidate both fundamental issues and practical problems.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73552679","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Does arbuscular mycorrhiza favor invasion of some Asteraceae tribes? 丛枝菌根是否有利于某些星科部落的入侵?

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-14993

Daniil Malygin, Marina Nikolaevna Mandryk-Litvinkovich, S. Sokornova

引用次数: 1

Contamination of grain in West Siberia by Alternaria fungi and their mycotoxins 西西伯利亚地区粮食中真菌及其真菌毒素的污染

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15019

A. Orina, O. Gavrilova, T. Gagkaeva, N. Gogina

{"title":"Contamination of grain in West Siberia by Alternaria fungi and their mycotoxins","authors":"A. Orina, O. Gavrilova, T. Gagkaeva, N. Gogina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15019","url":null,"abstract":"The ubiquitous occurrence of Alternaria fungi belonging to sections Alternaria and Infectoriae was confirmed using \u0000real-time PCR in wheat, barley and oat grain grown in West Siberia in 2018‒2019. The DNA amount of Alternaria section \u0000Alternaria fungi varied from 53×10-4 to 21731×10-4 pg/ng and on average exceeded the DNA amount of Alternaria section \u0000Infectoriae fungi by 4.5‒14.6 times, depending on the crop and harvest year.The average DNA amount of Alternaria fungi \u0000belonging to both sections in the oat grain was lower than in wheat and barley grain. The grain samples from Altay region \u0000were the most infected with Alternaria fungi. The alternariol (AOH), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), tentoxin \u0000(TEN), and tenuazonic acid (TeA) mycotoxins produced by Alternaria fungi were detected by HPLC-MS/MS in 23 %, \u00006 %, 85 %, and 83 % of analyzed grain samples, respectively. The majority (61 %) of the samples contained two Alternaria \u0000mycotoxins in the grain (mainly TEN and TeA), 19 % of the samples three mycotoxins, and only one sample all four \u0000together. In the most of samples the content of Alternaria mycotoxins did not exceed 100 μg/kg, and only TeA content \u0000was higher (from 113 to 14963 μg/kg) than others. The significant differences in grain crops by the Alternaria mycotoxins \u0000content were revealed: more amounts of AOH, AME, and less amount of TEN were found in oat grain then in barley \u0000grain. A high positive significant correlation between the DNA amount of Alternaria section Alternaria fungi and TeA was \u0000established that indicates the role of these fungi as the main producers of TeA in the grain.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83326285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Compatibility of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii for their combined application against the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum 真菌蕈状芽孢杆菌与捕食性弱绥螨对温室白蝇的配伍性研究

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15026

G. Mitina, Lidija Pavlovna Krasavina, O. Trapeznikova

{"title":"Compatibility of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii for their combined application against the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum","authors":"G. Mitina, Lidija Pavlovna Krasavina, O. Trapeznikova","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15026","url":null,"abstract":"The present study evaluated effects of the fungus Lecanicillium muscarium (Ascomycota: Hypocreales) and an organic \u0000extract from its mycelium on the greenhouse whitefly Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) and its \u0000predator, mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Mites were exposed to fungal spores or organic extract prepared \u0000from L. muscarium mycelium. No negative effect was shown on the predator feeding on T. vaporariorum nymphs treated \u0000with fungal conidia at a concentration of 5 × 107 spores/ml; by day six the number of mite eggs and nymphs was 18.7 % \u0000higher than on leaves treated with Tween 80. In contrast, treatment of leaves with a 0.5 % alcohol extract derived from \u0000L. muscarium mycelium caused 35 % mortality of A. swirskii adults by day two. In a trial conducted in a commercial \u0000greenhouse on rose plants, the application of L. muscarium conidia followed by the release of A. swirskii suppressed T. \u0000vaporariorum more effectively than each of the control agents applied separately.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80250807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modern groups of insecticides: diamides and meta-diamides 现代杀虫剂种类:二胺类和间二胺类

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-10-14 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15037

T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina

{"title":"Modern groups of insecticides: diamides and meta-diamides","authors":"T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-3-15037","url":null,"abstract":"The review summarizes and analyzes the data of foreign authors on the practical efficacy, mechanisms of action and insect resistance concerning insecticides of the groups of diamides and meta-diamides. The prospects of their application in Russia in agriculture and medical disinsection are considered. Insects resistant to OР’s, carbamates, pyrethroids remain the susceptibility to diamides and meta-diamides. Broflanilide, a pro-insecticide, which, due to its transformation into desmethylbroflanilide in the body of arthropods, acquires physicochemical properties leading to improved lipophilicity, water solubility, stability, affecting systemic activity, slowing down the action on harmful insects and increased selectivity for non-target species, is considered in detail. In several countries of the world where diamides are widely used in the controlling agricultural pests, a high resistance of several species of noctuids, diamondback moth, pyralid moths, tomato leafminer, etc. has been established. The key factors that determined the resistance to diamide in Thailand were the lack of insecticide rotation, minimal crop rotation, insufficient insecticide dosage, and irrigation. The necessity of introducing diamides and meta-diamides into the insecticide rotation schemes in order to control the insects resistant to traditionally used active substances was revealed.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75726487","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Loss of effectiveness of stem rust resistance genes Sr25 and Sr6Agi in the Lower Volga region 下伏尔加河地区茎秆抗锈病基因Sr25和Sr6Agi有效性的丧失

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2021-07-16 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14994

O. Baranova, S. Sibikeev, A. E. Druzhin, I. Sozina

{"title":"Loss of effectiveness of stem rust resistance genes Sr25 and Sr6Agi in the Lower Volga region","authors":"O. Baranova, S. Sibikeev, A. E. Druzhin, I. Sozina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14994","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2021-104-2-14994","url":null,"abstract":"Wheat is one of the most important food crops in Russia. Rust diseases (leaf, yellow and stem rusts) are particularly dangerous diseases of wheat that threaten food security. The stem rust (the causative agent is a biotrophic fungus Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) is the most damaging; crop losses can reach 50 to 80% and more. The paper presents the results of the analysis of resistance to stem rust of 189 introgressive lines of spring soft wheat breeding ARISER and 11 varieties cultivated in the Lower Volga region in the growing season 2016-2020. The results of phytopathological assessment of virulence of Saratov pathogen population 2016-2020 are also presented. It is shown that Sr13, Sr26, Sr31, Sr35 and combinations of Sr24+31, Sr36+31 and Sr26+9g genes are effective for Saratov populations of P. graminis 2016 - 2020. No isolates virulent to the line with the Sr31 gene have been identified in all years of research. Analysis of resistance in wheat varieties and lines showed a loss of Sr6Agi gene efficacy from 2016 and a gradual loss of Sr25 efficacy by 2020. In 2020, varieties carrying the Sr25 gene (Lebedushka and Dobrynya) and lines with this gene affected the Saratov population of stem rust, both under laboratory conditions and in the field on a natural infection background. In the analyzed 189 introgressed lines, Sr25/Lr19 (77.2%) and Sr31/Lr26 (22.2%) genes were mainly identified, Sr22, Sr35, Sr28, Sr38/Lr37 and Sr57/Lr34 genes were also identified. Fifty lines carrying the combination of Sr31 with Sr25/Lr19 and Sr6Agi have been identified as highly resistant to stem rust. Thus, it was shown that Sr31 gene was effective against P. graminis populations in Volga region, while Sr6Agi and Sr25 genes lost their effectiveness in Volga region.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74956998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4