PLANT PROTECTION NEWS最新文献

Micromycetes associated with barley and their significance as pathogens in Russia 与大麦有关的小霉菌及其在俄罗斯作为病原体的重要性

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116

F. B. Gannibal, E. Poluektova, Y. V. Lukyanets, T. Gagkaeva, M. Gomzhina

{"title":"Micromycetes associated with barley and their significance as pathogens in Russia","authors":"F. B. Gannibal, E. Poluektova, Y. V. Lukyanets, T. Gagkaeva, M. Gomzhina","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16116","url":null,"abstract":"Despite the great attention paid to the study of barley diseases, inaccuracies in the names of diseases, their practical significance, and incorrect use of the scientific names of causal agents can be commonly found in the scientific literature. This may lead to confusion and misidentification of the pathogens that can affect this crop especially as relates to phytosanitary requirements. This review continues the series started with a publication devoted to wheat diseases. This review includes information about the main barley diseases and pathogenic organisms causing them, as well as the species emerging as a potential threat to barley. The current taxonomic status of fungal species and fungal-like organisms associated with various organs of barley is given, and the breadth of their distribution and degree of impact on the crop are summarized. The micromycetes were divided into two groups according to their phytosanitary importance. The first group is represented by fungi of great importance as the pathogens causing the 29 economically important common barley diseases. The second group consists of fungi causing 20 minor and poorly studied diseases with unconfirmed harmfulness, or potential endophytic fungi. Perceptions of their ability to cause disease remain controversial and the available data require confirmation. This dataset can be used as a reference for a more accurate description of the phytosanitary situation. The review will also be helpful for more targeted studies using molecular techniques to clarify taxonomy and areals of fungi associated with barley and to provide more detailed data on disease damage in this crop.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139161118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The toxic effect of α-tomatine on the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) α-托马汀对 28 点马铃薯瓢虫 Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata（鞘翅目：瓢虫科）的毒性作用

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034

М. V. Ermak, N. V. Matsishina, О. А. Sobko, P. Fisenko

{"title":"The toxic effect of α-tomatine on the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)","authors":"М. V. Ermak, N. V. Matsishina, О. А. Sobko, P. Fisenko","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16034","url":null,"abstract":"Glycoalcoloids of plant origin serve as teratogens, causing various teratoses and abnormalities of insect development. Our previous studies discovered dependence of developmental defects in the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle Henosepilachna vigintioctomaculata upon its feeding on certain potato varieties. The present study was undertaken to study the toxic effect of α-tomatine against the 28-spotted potato ladybeetle. Tomatine was chosen as a model glycoalkaloid. Potato leaves were treated with tomatine solutions in different concentrations. Control leaves were treated with distilled water. Ten first-instar larvae were placed in a Petri dish with treated leaves. The effect of tomatine on H. vigintioctomaculata was assessed by appearance of morphological abnormalities in the adults. As a result, a confident direct correlation between the tomatine concentration and the developmental defect frequency was found. Brachelytry and cystelytry were the main anomaly types. When the stock 6 % solution was used, insect mortality was the highest, reaching 70 %. The highest level of teratoses (60 %) among survived insects and relatively high mortality (27 %) were observed in insects treated with 0.6 % solutions of tomatine. As the tomatine concentration decreased, so did the mortality level and developmental defect frequency. At 0.06 % solution treatement, mortality was 17 % and quote of teratoses – 47 %, at 0.006 % – 16.6 % and 6.8 %; at 0.0006 % – 3.3 % and 3.4 %, respectively. Thus, tomatine can be used as an insecticidal compound for potato cultivation.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Determination of Trichogramma euproctidis efficacy against the key pest, European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Aegean region vineyards, Turkey 确定土耳其爱琴海地区葡萄园中的 Trichogramma euproctidis 对主要害虫欧洲葡萄蠹蛾 Lobesia botrana（鳞翅目：旋蛾科）的药效

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092

B. Güven, F. Özsemerci, F. Altindisli, B. Mıhcı, N. Keskin, O. Aşçıoğul

{"title":"Determination of Trichogramma euproctidis efficacy against the key pest, European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Aegean region vineyards, Turkey","authors":"B. Güven, F. Özsemerci, F. Altindisli, B. Mıhcı, N. Keskin, O. Aşçıoğul","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16092","url":null,"abstract":"European grapevine moth Lobesia botrana is the most important pest causing crop losses in most of Türkiye’s grape growing regions, feeding mainly on inflorescence and grape berries. This study was carried out to determine the release efficiency and the most efficient dose of the native egg parasitoid, Trichogramma euproctidis against L. botrana in an organic vineyard located in the Menemen district of Izmir, in the Aegean Region, which has the largest grape production area. In this context, two different release doses at 75 000 and 100 000 parasitoids/ha were applied to find the most effective one. The effectiveness of the parasitoid was compared in terms of pest infestation rates in grape bunches from parasitoid-released and non-released plots just prior to harvest. The infestation rates in plots released 100 000 parasitoids/ha (12, 4 and 5 %) and 75 000 parasitoids/ha (7.5, 11 and 1 1 %) were lower than control (25, 33 and 70 %) in 2017, 2018 and 2019, respectively. In 2018 and 2019, the high release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) applied five or six times in total was the most promising with the lowest pest infestation rates. In this study, the most effective release dose (100 000 parasitoids/ha) of the native egg parasitoid, T. euproctidis, was determined for the first time in Türkiye. In conclusion, the results obtained from the study will encourage the use of this parasitoid in organic and integrated grape growing programs.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139160140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Susceptibility of Bombyx mori larvae to the microsporidium Nosema bombycis from the silkworm and Nosema sp. from the cotton bollworm 沙蚕幼虫对来自家蚕的沙蚕微孢子虫和来自棉铃虫的沙蚕微孢子虫的敏感性

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-24 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-4-16148

S. Malysh, A. M. Utkuzova, A. N. Ignatieva, B. A. Mirzakhodjaev, I. V. Grushevaya

引用次数: 0

The potential of plant antimicrobial peptides for crop protection against diseases 植物抗菌肽在保护作物免受病害侵害方面的潜力

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980

A. S. Barashkova, E. A. Rogozhin*

{"title":"The potential of plant antimicrobial peptides for crop protection against diseases","authors":"A. S. Barashkova, E. A. Rogozhin*","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15980","url":null,"abstract":"Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the most important components of plant innate immunity to environmental stress factors and one of the most ancient tools of the defense system. Most of them are synthesized as factors of constitutive plant immunity, but there are also inducible forms belonging to “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PR-proteins from classes 12, 13 and 14). This review provides characteristics of the primary and three-dimensional structures of the main families of plant AMPs. The relationship between the types of spatial arrangement of the polypeptide chain is drawn. The functional analysis of plant AMPs is presented by data on the spectrum and quantitative level of activities against a number of economically significant fungal and bacterial phytopathogens, and related biological effects are indicated. Additionally, current information is provided on the molecular mechanisms of the antimicrobial action of plant AMPs based on defensins as the most studied structural group. In conclusion, aspects of the modes of action for plant AMPs on microorganisms are considered, on the basis of which a variant of the functional classification of these molecules is proposed. Based on these data, the prospects for their use as the basis of biopesticides for plant protection against pathogens were assessed.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Intestinal effects of modern insecticides on multiresistant strains of the housefly Musca domestica 现代杀虫剂对家蝇多抗性菌株的肠道影响

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487

T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer

{"title":"Intestinal effects of modern insecticides on multiresistant strains of the housefly Musca domestica","authors":"T. A. Davlianidze, O. Eremina, V. V. Olifer","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-15487","url":null,"abstract":"Under laboratory conditions, resistance to insecticides in several strains of the housefly, Musca domestica, obtained from populations collected at various facilities in the Moscow and Kaluga regions, was assessed by intestinal ingestion of insecticidal baits. The insects of the strains Krasnogorsk and Kaluga had the highest resistance ratios to fipronil (23.3–76.7x), while those of the KSK-1 and KSK-2 strains were tolerant (6.3–7.7x). The strains Krasnogorsk, KSK-1, KSK-2 and Kaluga are highly resistant to neonicotinoids (thiamethoxam 80.4–104.8x and clothianidin 79.5–97.9x), weakly tolerant to chlorfenapyr (1.8–2.8x) and highly susceptible to indoxacarb (0.22–0.54x). A comparison was made of the contact and intestinal effects of insecticides against the housefly. The resistance factor of the housefly to fipronil, thiamethoxam, and clothianidin upon contact is 1.5–4.4 times higher than those after feeding with the similar insecticide dose. Possible mechanisms of insect multiresistance to insecticides are discussed. Comparative evaluation using three strains of the housefly showed that a number of industrially produced baits are effective for control of the field populations of the house fly. Physiological resistance of the housefly of Krasnogorsk and Kaluga strains to baits based on methomyl was shown.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Fusarium sambucinum: causing dry tuber rot of potatoes 镰刀菌：导致马铃薯块茎干腐病

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041

T. Gagkaeva, A. Orina, I. I. Trubin, O. Gavrilova, A. V. Khiutti

{"title":"Fusarium sambucinum: causing dry tuber rot of potatoes","authors":"T. Gagkaeva, A. Orina, I. I. Trubin, O. Gavrilova, A. V. Khiutti","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16041","url":null,"abstract":"Among the 140 isolates collected from symptomatic potato tubers in four different European regions of Russia in 2021–2022, as many as 37.8 % isolates were identified as Fusarium sambucinum. Randomly selected isolates (n=19) of F. sambucinum were identified with DNA sequence data of the TEF locus and morphological characteristics on nutrient media. The growth rate of strains on potato-sucrose agar was assessed in the temperature range of 5–35 °C. The temperature optimum for growth of all strains was set at 25 °C, the average growth rate of strains was 13.68 ± 0.67 mm/day. The upper critical temperature completely arresting growth of strains was 35 °C, while at the temperature of 5 °C the strains were still able to grow at an average rate of 0.85 ± 0.27 mm/day. Fusarium sambucinum strains were characterized by their ability to produce symptoms of rot in potato tubers after inoculation and further incubation at 5 and 23 °C. Most strains caused extensive necrosis at the higher temperature, but there were strains whose aggressiveness was not affected by temperature. There is no clearly defined relationship between the origin of F. sambucinum strains and their aggressiveness.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139005855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Biotic potential of Transeius montdorensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under technocenosis conditions Transeius montdorensis（Acari：Phytoseiidae）在技术创生条件下的生物潜力

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-12-13 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066

D. A. Popov*, A. V. Grintsevich

{"title":"Biotic potential of Transeius montdorensis (Acari: Phytoseiidae) under technocenosis conditions","authors":"D. A. Popov*, A. V. Grintsevich","doi":"10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-3-16066","url":null,"abstract":"The subtropical mite species Transeius montdorensis is widely used to control thrips and other sucking pests in European countries. To develop a domestic technology for the mass rearing of T. montdorensis, its biotic potential has been evaluated under large scale production. The growth rate of T. montdorensis is 0.19±0.017, the doubling time is 4.7±0.29 days at 26–27 °C. In the tested range of mite densities (5–80 ind./ml), the growth rate tends to decrease as the density increases. This trend can be approximated by a logarithmic curve. The density 60–80 ind./ml causes not only a significant drop in the population growth rate but also the decrease in range of its fluctuations. Higher fluctuations of growth rate at lower predator densities (5–15 ind./ml) are probably due to the fact that, in some containers, the predator is unable to hold back outbreaks of its prey (the flour mite Tyrophagus entomophagus). As a result, the prey overpopulates the substrate, which causes its contamination by waste products stimulating microflora development. The growth rate in the density range of 5–15 ind./ml is lower than expected and does not differ significantly from that in the range of 20–30 ind./ml. This indicates that the prey uncontrolled growth inhibit the reproduction of T. montdorensis. The population doubling time is a reliable indicator for screening the best stock culture of T. montdorensis for its successful rearing up to density 60 ind./ml within 6–8 days, i.e., before mass growth of fungi in the substrate. The range of 20–30 ind./ml is the optimal starting density for mass rearing, and when the predator reaches a density of more than 60 ind./ml, it should be resettled or offered for sale.","PeriodicalId":20414,"journal":{"name":"PLANT PROTECTION NEWS","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139004899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Classification and mode of action of chemical fungicides applied for cereal crops protection in Belarus 白俄罗斯用于保护谷类作物的化学杀菌剂的分类和作用方式

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15690

N. Krupenko

引用次数: 0

Physical-chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus 白俄罗斯用于谷物防病的杀菌剂的物理化学特性

PLANT PROTECTION NEWS Pub Date : 2023-09-05 DOI: 10.31993/2308-6459-2023-106-2-15781

N. Krupenko

引用次数: 0