Physical-chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus

N. Krupenko
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Abstract

Physical and chemical properties of fungicides applied for protection of cereals against diseases in Belarus and their mobility in plant tissues are analyzed. The main properties allowing to predict plant mobility of fungicides are water solubility, lipophilicity (partition coefficient – LogP), and dissociation constant (pKa). The higher partition coefficient in nonpolar molecules, the higher are their nonsystemic (contact) properties, and vice versa. For polar molecules, the lower dissociation constant, the higher their mobility in plants. Information of fungicides plant mobility allows to understand their action on pathological process. In nonsystemic (contact) molecules with high LogP have affinity to wax layer of cuticle. Therefore they have good protection (prevention) properties because of their ability to prevent spores germination. Molecules with acropetal properties have good curative action because of their mobility in xylem away from application site. Therefore they may prevent mycelium development after its penetration in plant tissues.
白俄罗斯用于谷物防病的杀菌剂的物理化学特性
对白俄罗斯用于保护谷物免受病害的杀菌剂的物理和化学特性及其在植物组织中的流动性进行了分析。可以预测杀菌剂在植物组织中流动性的主要特性是水溶性、亲油性(分配系数 - LogP)和解离常数(pKa)。非极性分子的分配系数越高,其非系统(接触)特性就越高,反之亦然。对于极性分子来说,解离常数越低,其在植物中的流动性就越高。通过了解杀菌剂在植物体内的流动性,可以了解它们对病理过程的作用。在非系统(接触)情况下,LogP 值高的分子对角质层蜡质具有亲和力。因此,它们具有良好的保护(预防)特性,因为它们能够阻止孢子萌发。具有顶生特性的分子在木质部中具有远离施用地点的流动性,因此具有良好的治疗作用。因此,它们可以防止菌丝侵入植物组织后的发展。
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