Pragmatic and Observational Research最新文献

{"title":"Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Trauma Service Utilization at a New York City Level I Trauma Center.","authors":"Benjamin Rosen,&nbsp;Annemarie L Pelle,&nbsp;Nisha A Lakhi","doi":"10.2147/POR.S378189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S378189","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic globally impacted trauma facilities and overall healthcare utilization. This study was conducted to characterize the utilization of trauma services at our Level I Trauma Center in New York City during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the preceding pre-pandemic year.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A retrospective study of patient presenting to our Level 1 Trauma Center in Staten Island, New York. The pre-pandemic data was extracted from March 1st, 2019-February 29th, 2020. The pandemic year was divided into two phases: the initial wave (March 1st-Sept 1st, 2020) and the protracted phase (September 1st, 2020-March 1st, 2021). Patients were identified using ICD-10 coding and data regarding patient factors, mechanism of injury, and service utilization was extracted from the medical record. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS v.24.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 1650 trauma activations registered during the pre-pandemic phase, 691 during the initial wave, and 826 during the protracted phase. Compared to pre-pandemic, the number of Level 1 trauma activations remained unchanged, however mechanisms of injury shifted. Gunshot wounds (2.6% vs 1.2%), motorcycle crash (4.2% vs 2.0%) and blunt force injury caused by an object (strike injuries) (2.7% vs 1.3%) significantly increased during the initial wave (p-value <0.05). There was a significant decrease in the percentage of both female (2.93% vs 2.33% vs 5.64%, p-value <0.01) and pediatric (3.30% vs 3.64% vs 12.9%, p-value <0.001) assault activations during the initial wave and protracted phase when compared to pre-pandemic levels, respectively. No significant changes were observed for self-harm, falls, accidents, burns, sports injuries, stab wounds, autobody collisions, or motor vehicle accident activations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Trauma centers should be prepared for increases in violent trauma. We also emphasize the need to implement strategies to raise public awareness of pediatric and female assault in the domestic setting, particularly during a mandatory stay-at-home policy where underreporting may occur.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"93-103"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/94/1f/por-13-93.PMC9462934.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33467165","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Short-Term Side Effects of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine: A Cross-Sectional Study in a War-Torn Country.","authors":"Mohammed Alshakka,&nbsp;Najmaddin A H Hatem,&nbsp;Wafa Badullah,&nbsp;Rabab Alsakaf,&nbsp;Ali Rageh,&nbsp;Seena Abdulla Yousef,&nbsp;Mohamed Izham Mohamed Ibrahim","doi":"10.2147/POR.S381836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S381836","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>The chAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine is the first COVID-19 vaccine available in Yemen. Hence, this local-based study was used to identify the type and frequency of short-term side effects following 48 hours of the first shot of the vaccine.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A cross-section of vaccinated participants in Aden were surveyed by telephone. Descriptive statistics were used for statistical analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 500 participants were included through convenient sampling. 27% of them were health care providers. Nearly 70% of the respondent experienced side effects. The top three side effects reported were fever (n=276, 55.2%), myalgia (n=270, 54%) and fatigue (n=247, 49.4%). Generally, most participants stated that they experienced the side effects after the first 24 hours of vaccination.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Side effects that participants experienced were not different from the literature, indicating a safe profile for the vaccine. Further studies are needed to identify the side effects after the second and third dose of the vaccine. In addition, more studies are required to assess the efficacy of the existing vaccines against new variants.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":" ","pages":"85-91"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/60/29/por-13-85.PMC9423103.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40335613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Phase IV Study on Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy of Dolutegravir, Lamivudine, and Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in Treatment Naïve Adult Indian Patients Living with HIV-1.","authors":"Ameet Dravid,&nbsp;Dnyanesh Morkar,&nbsp;Dwijendra Prasad,&nbsp;John T Ramapuram,&nbsp;Kartik Vikrambhai Patel,&nbsp;K Sunil Naik,&nbsp;Milind Bhrusundi,&nbsp;Milind Kulkarni,&nbsp;Sanjeev Hegde,&nbsp;S Anuradha,&nbsp;Siddabathuni Nageswaramma,&nbsp;Surabhi Madan,&nbsp;Thammisetty Jayaprakash,&nbsp;Vinay Kulkarni","doi":"10.2147/POR.S361907","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S361907","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>WHO recommends dolutegravir (DTG) based regimens as first-line treatment for HIV-1 infection. However, few studies have been conducted in Indian population. Hence, our study evaluated the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of DTG 50 mg with Tenofovir and Lamivudine (300/300mg) fixed dose combination in treatment naïve adult Indian patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was an open label, multicenter, prospective, interventional, phase IV study conducted across 14 sites between February 2019 and July 2020. 24 weeks was the treatment duration for each subject. The primary end point was to assess the incidence of adverse events (AEs) and secondary end points were to assess the proportion of patients achieving plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL at week 24 and change in CD4+ cell count from the baseline. Safety analysis was conducted using Safety Analysis Set and efficacy analysis was carried out using Full Analysis Set and Per protocol set.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 288 patients were screened; 250 were enrolled; and 229 completed the study. 389 AEs were reported from 58% of patients. Of these, 61 were related to study treatment. One event of decreased creatinine clearance led to study discontinuation. One serious event of pyrexia was reported, which was unrelated to the study drug. The most common AEs were headache (18%), pyrexia (14%), vomiting (6.4%) and upper respiratory tract infections (6%). No deaths were reported. At week 24, 86.8% of the patients achieved plasma HIV-1 RNA levels <50 copies/mL and the mean CD4 cell count increased from 350.2 (SD, 239.73) at baseline to 494.6 (SD, 261.40) with an average increase of 143.2 (SD, 226.14) cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study demonstrated the safety and efficacy of DTG based regimen in treatment naïve HIV-1 patients in Indian population and support use of DTG as first-line treatment regimen.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":" ","pages":"75-84"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/b0/e5/por-13-75.PMC9375976.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40702580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Preferences of Modes of Child Delivery and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women in Southern Ethiopia.","authors":"Bewunetu Zewude,&nbsp;Getahun Siraw,&nbsp;Yesuf Adem","doi":"10.2147/POR.S370513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S370513","url":null,"abstract":"Background The purpose of the study was to identify the choice of mode of delivery and the factors associated with such preferences among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Southern Ethiopia. Methods Using an institutional-based cross-sectional survey, quantitative data were collected from randomly selected pregnant women in Southern Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to pregnant women who had been attending antenatal healthcare services in purposively selected public and private healthcare facilities in Shashemene town. The completed cases were inserted into SPSS version 26 in which both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques were used to analyze the data. Results It was found that 75.4% of respondents replied that they prefer vaginal delivery while 24.6% had chosen cesarean section. Personal conviction motivated by the need to experience the labor process, the belief in it being a natural method, the perception that it is better for the wellbeing of both the mother and the child, previous experience of delivery by vaginal method, fear or the need to avoid episiotomy, and economic concerns have been mentioned as reasons for the choice of vaginal delivery. Moreover, respondents’ choice of the mode of delivery is significantly associated with religion, age, number of children, pregnancy experience, previous mode of delivery, self-rated social class status, autonomy to decide about mode of delivery, and type of healthcare organization of antenatal care attendance. Conclusion Although vaginal delivery has remained the most preferred mode of delivery among most pregnant women, about a quarter of pregnant women have reported that they prefer to deliver by cesarean section, a prevalence rate which is higher than the national average, indicating that the choice of cesarean section is still increasing among women.","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":" ","pages":"59-73"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/86/fb/por-13-59.PMC9296879.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40535116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterisation of the Australian Adult Population Living with Asthma: Severe - Exacerbation Frequency, Long-Term OCS Use and Adverse Effects.","authors":"Kerry L Hancock,&nbsp;Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich,&nbsp;John D Blakey,&nbsp;Mark Hew,&nbsp;Li Ping Chung,&nbsp;Biljana Cvetkovski,&nbsp;Scott Claxton,&nbsp;Peter Del Fante,&nbsp;Eve Denton,&nbsp;Joe Doan,&nbsp;Kanchanamala Ranasinghe,&nbsp;Lucy Morgan,&nbsp;Anita Sharma,&nbsp;Peter K Smith,&nbsp;Deb Stewart,&nbsp;Philip J Thompson,&nbsp;Russell Wiseman,&nbsp;John W Upham,&nbsp;Kwok Y Yan,&nbsp;Victoria Carter,&nbsp;Kiranjeet Dhillon,&nbsp;Florian Heraud,&nbsp;Thao Le,&nbsp;Rebecca Vella,&nbsp;David Price","doi":"10.2147/POR.S360044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S360044","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Asthma poses a significant burden for the Australian population. Understanding severe exacerbation rates, and steroid-related burden for adults diagnosed with asthma stands to offer insights into how this could be reduced.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Electronic medical records (EMR) and questionnaires from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database Australia (OPCRDA) were utilised retrospectively. OPCRDA is a real-world database with >800,000 medical records from Australian primary care practices. Outcomes were severe asthma exacerbations in Australian adults, over a 12-month period, stratified by Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) treatment intensity steps, and steroid associated comorbidities.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 7868 adults treated for asthma, 19% experienced at least one severe exacerbation in the last 12-months. Severe exacerbation frequency increased with treatment intensity (≥1 severe exacerbation GINA 1 13%; GINA 4 23%; GINA 5a 33% and GINA 5b 28%). Questionnaire participants reported higher rates of severe exacerbations than suggested from their EMR (32% vs 23%) especially in steps 1, 4 and 5. Patients repeatedly exposed to steroids had an increased risk of osteoporosis (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.43-2.66) and sleep apnoea (OR 1.78, 95% CI 1.30-2.46).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The Australian population living with GINA 1, 4, 5a and 5b asthma have high severe exacerbation rates and steroid-related burden, especially when compared to other first world countries, with these patients needing alternative strategies or possibly specialist assessment to better manage their condition.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":" ","pages":"43-58"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/7e/c4/por-13-43.PMC9270906.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40595530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Real-World Experience with Favipiravir for the Treatment of Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 in India.","authors":"Shashank Joshi,&nbsp;Agam Vora,&nbsp;K Venugopal,&nbsp;Pramod Dadhich,&nbsp;Anil Daxini,&nbsp;Sagar Bhagat,&nbsp;Saiprasad Patil,&nbsp;Hanmant Barkate","doi":"10.2147/POR.S364066","DOIUrl":"10.2147/POR.S364066","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Favipiravir, an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor (RdRp), is a broad-spectrum oral antiviral agent approved in India under emergency use authorization, for the treatment of mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The present study was planned to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of favipiravir in real-world clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a multicentric, retrospective, single-arm study conducted across four centres in India, after obtaining permission from the independent ethics committee. Medical records were analysed to evaluate effectiveness and safety of patients who were prescribed favipiravir.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The medical records of a total of 360 patients met the inclusion criteria, with 358 of them available for the final analysis. Males made up 58.46% of the study population. The average age of enrolled patients was 51.80 ± 16.45 years. The most common symptoms were fever, cough, and myalgia-fatigue. The median time to clinical cure and fever relief was five and four days, respectively. The average length of stay in the hospital was six days. In total, 8% of the patients experienced adverse events. Hepatic enzyme elevation, diarrhoea, decreased appetite, headache, fatigue, and giddiness were the common symptoms.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In our real-world study, favipiravir was found to have a clinical cure rate of more than 90% in mild-to-moderate COVID-19 patients. This supports the use of favipiravir in the treatment of COVID-19. Favipiravir was well tolerated, with only minimal side effects, which were transient in nature.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"33-41"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9154000/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43204616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Variation in Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with COPD Receiving Care in US Primary Care: Data from the Advancing the Patient EXperience (APEX) in COPD Registry","authors":"C. Fox, W. Pace, E. Brandt, V. Carter, Ku-Lang Chang, C. Edwards, Alexander Evans, Gabriela Gaona, M. Han, A. Kaplan, R. Kent, J. Kocks, Maja Kruszyk, Ledoux Chantal, Tessa LiVoti, Cathy Mahle, B. Make, A. Ratigan, A. Shaikh, N. Skolnik, Brooklyn Stanley, B. Yawn, D. Price","doi":"10.2147/POR.S342736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S342736","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Little is known about the variability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management and how it may be affected by patient characteristics across different healthcare systems in the US. This study aims to describe demographic and clinical characteristics of people with COPD and compare management across five primary care medical groups in the US. Methods This is a retrospective observational registry study utilizing electronic health records stored in the Advancing the Patient Experience (APEX) COPD registry. The APEX registry contains data from five US healthcare organizations located in Texas, Ohio, Colorado, New York, and North Carolina. Data on demographic and clinical characteristics of primary care patients with COPD between December 2019 and January 2020 were extracted and compared. Results A total of 17,192 patients with COPD were included in analysis: Texas (n = 811), Ohio (n = 8722), Colorado (n = 472), New York (n = 1149) and North Carolina (n = 6038). The majority of patients at each location were female (>54%) and overweight/obese (>60%). Inter-location variabilities were noted in terms of age, race/ethnicity, exacerbation frequency, treatment pattern, and prevalence of comorbid conditions. Patients from the Colorado site experienced the lowest number of exacerbations per year while those from the New York site reported the highest number. Hypertension was the most common co-morbidity at 4 of 5 sites with the highest prevalence in New York. Depression was the most common co-morbidity in Ohio. Treatment patterns also varied by site; Colorado had the highest proportion of patients not on any treatment. ICS/LABA was the most commonly prescribed treatment except in Ohio, where ICS/LABA/LAMA was most common. Conclusions and Relevance Our data show heterogeneity in demographic, clinical, and treatment characteristics of patients diagnosed with COPD who are managed in primary care across different healthcare organizations in the US.","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"17 - 31"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44347565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Measuring Health-Related Quality of Life in Randomised Controlled Trials: Expected and Reported Results Do Not Match","authors":"F. Wiedemann, F. Porzsolt","doi":"10.2147/POR.S350165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S350165","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose The assessment of health-related quality of life (hrQoL) may need to be reconsidered due to important differences between efficacy (the effect of a treatment under experimental study conditions) and effectiveness (the effect of a treatment under real-world conditions). We presume that most researchers intend to describe effects under real-world conditions when investigating hrQoL as an endpoint. Unfortunately, most studies are designed to confirm two theories: the efficacy of a new intervention under experimental study conditions and the real-world effectiveness of this intervention on hrQoL under non-experimental study conditions. Conflicting information emerges when the outcomes are supposed to describe effects under real-world conditions, but the assessment generates results obtained under experimental conditions. This paper examines the existing conflict between efficacy and effectiveness in a sample of 100 studies investigating hrQoL. Methods We analysed a sample of freely available publications of clinical studies listed in PubMed between April 2015 and August 2016 which assessed quality of life as an outcome. We assessed the following four characteristics that should differ in studies measuring either efficacy or effectiveness: 1) specification of the study as a randomised controlled trial or not, 2) description of the study design as pragmatic or not, 3) classification of the study as an efficacy or an effectiveness study and 4) number of selected inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results 91% of the studies assessed hrQoL under experimental conditions (in a randomised controlled trial), but not under real-world conditions. The important difference between efficacy and effectiveness was not described in 60% of the studies. Only 6% of studies classified the study as a pragmatic trial. The difference between inclusion and exclusion criteria was not addressed in any of the investigated studies. Conclusion The results of the four criteria confirmed our hypothesis that hrQoL studies are conducted mainly as experimental, but not pragmatic, trials indicating that the meaningfulness of the important difference between efficacy and effectiveness requires further discussion. Keywords pragmatic trial, experimental study conditions, real-world conditions, efficacy, effectiveness, pragmatic.","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"9 - 16"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41695296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Deriving a Standardised Recommended Respiratory Disease Codelist Repository for Future Research.","authors":"Clare MacRae, Hannah Whittaker, Mome Mukherjee, Luke Daines, Ann Morgan, Chukwuma Iwundu, Mohammed Alsallakh, Eleftheria Vasileiou, Eimear O'Rourke, Alexander T Williams, Philip W Stone, Aziz Sheikh, Jennifer K Quint","doi":"10.2147/POR.S353400","DOIUrl":"10.2147/POR.S353400","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Electronic health record (EHR) databases provide rich, longitudinal data on interactions with healthcare providers and can be used to advance research into respiratory conditions. However, since these data are primarily collected to support health care delivery, clinical coding can be inconsistent, resulting in inherent challenges in using these data for research purposes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We systematically searched existing international literature and UK code repositories to find respiratory disease codelists for asthma from January 2018, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory tract infections from January 2020, based on prior searches. Medline searches using key terms provided in article lists. Full-text articles, supplementary files, and reference lists were examined for codelists, and codelists repositories were searched. A reproducible methodology for codelists creation was developed with recommended lists for each disease created based on multidisciplinary expert opinion and previously published literature.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Medline searches returned 1126 asthma articles, 70 COPD articles, and 90 respiratory infection articles, with 3%, 22% and 5% including codelists, respectively. Repository searching returned 12 asthma, 23 COPD, and 64 respiratory infection codelists. We have systematically compiled respiratory disease codelists and from these derived recommended lists for use by researchers to find the most up-to-date and relevant respiratory disease codelists that can be tailored to individual research questions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Few published papers include codelists, and where published diverse codelists were used, even when answering similar research questions. Whilst some advances have been made, greater consistency and transparency across studies using routine data to study respiratory diseases are needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":"13 ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/03/por-13-1.PMC8859726.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39958272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Perceptions and Experiences of COVID-19 Vaccine Side-Effects Among Healthcare Workers in Southern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.","authors":"Bewunetu Zewude,&nbsp;Tewodros Habtegiorgis,&nbsp;Ashenafi Hizkeal,&nbsp;Tamirat Dela,&nbsp;Getahun Siraw","doi":"10.2147/POR.S344848","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2147/POR.S344848","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>We examined the perceptions of healthcare workers about the side-effects of COVID-19 vaccine and the types of side-effects they experienced in the post-vaccination period.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An institutional-based cross-sectional survey research design was used in which a semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to collect quantitative data from healthcare workers in Southern Ethiopia that were selected on the basis of a multi-stage cluster sampling technique. After inserting the completed cases into SPSS software, descriptive statistical techniques, such as frequencies, percentages, charts and inferential statistical tool, particularly binary logistic regression analysis, were used to analyze and present the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Majority (43.6%) of respondents perceive that COVID-19 vaccine will have muscle pain around the injection site, followed by fever (39.9%), problems of blood clots (37.8%), headache (35.6%), fatigue (33.5%), and aching limbs (16%). And 63.6%) of them reported that they have experienced muscle pain around the injection site after receiving the COVID-19 vaccine, followed by fatigue (42%), headache (37.2%), fever (34.2%), redness around the injection site (21.6%), and swelling around the injection site (17.8%). Moreover, 25% reported that the fear of potential side-effects of COVID-19 vaccine inhibited them from taking the vaccine. Above all, it is found that respondents' expectation of COVID-19 vaccine to have such serious side-effects is significantly associated to their educational status (OR = 0.229; P < 0.01; 95%C.I.: 0.080-0.651).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While the expectations of most of the healthcare workers regarding the side-effects of the vaccine are parallel to the normal reactions of the vaccine, a significant proportion of the study participants have reported that they perceive COVID-19 vaccine will have life-threatening side-effects. Such fears have also played a role in affecting vaccine uptake. Therefore, the Ministry of Health, and other concerned government bodies should create further awareness on COVID-19 vaccine and related safety issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":20399,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatic and Observational Research","volume":" ","pages":"131-145"},"PeriodicalIF":8.9,"publicationDate":"2021-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/de/cb/por-12-131.PMC8687675.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39750050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}