发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Powder Metallurgy最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
On as-built microstructure and necessity of solution treatment in additively manufactured Inconel 939 增材制造Inconel 939的原位组织及固溶处理的必要性
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-02-21 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2041787
A. S. Shaikh, M. Rashidi, Kevin Minet-Lallemand, E. Hryha
{"title":"On as-built microstructure and necessity of solution treatment in additively manufactured Inconel 939","authors":"A. S. Shaikh, M. Rashidi, Kevin Minet-Lallemand, E. Hryha","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2041787","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2041787","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Increased adoption of additively manufactured superalloys has led to the consideration of revised heat treatment approaches for these materials. The rapid cooling during additive manufacturing processes has been seen to suppress gamma prime (γ′) precipitation, which has raised the possibilities for omitting the high-temperature solution treatment step that usually precedes ageing heat treatment for these alloys. In this work, the as-built microstructure of a high gamma prime fraction superalloy Inconel 939 is presented, where the absence of any γ′ precipitation is notable. However, transmission electron microscopy shows the presence of nano-sized Eta (η) phase. It is shown that the omission of solution treatment leads to the growth of the deleterious η phase upon ageing, which results in embrittlement in tensile loading. It is concluded that at least for this particular alloy the solution treatment plays a critical role in the establishment of the required microstructure and hence cannot be omitted from the heat treatment.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"66 1","pages":"3 - 11"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45172534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel consolidated by Gleeble-simulated direct powder forging Gleeble模拟粉末直接锻造强化高硼不锈钢的颗粒变形和组织演变
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2040699
Xuan Zhou, Mingjia Wang
{"title":"Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel consolidated by Gleeble-simulated direct powder forging","authors":"Xuan Zhou, Mingjia Wang","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2040699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2040699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the present work, a novel method was first proposed to realise direct powder forging of high borated stainless steel on Gleeble through hot compression tests performed at 1150°C and 0.01–10 s−1 with strains of 32% and 50%. Particle deformation and microstructural evolution of high borated stainless steel powder during direct forging were investigated. Backscattered electron (BSE) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) were employed for microstructure examination. Microstructure reveals that large deformation zones were easily distinguished by boride and grain features. Enhanced boride coarsening in the contact area of powders was attributed to the combined action of strain, dislocation, stress and temperature rising. Strain rates had no obvious influence on densification but significantly affected the deformation of particles. Furthermore, the mechanism of particle deformation enhanced by a higher strain rate was discussed.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"66 1","pages":"12 - 19"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41876772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effect of Ti and B additions on the microstructure and properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys prepared by hot pressing Ti和B对热压制备的FeCoCrNi高熵合金组织和性能的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-29 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2029302
Yicheng Zhang, Yanru Yang, Jifeng Zhang, Jiawen Li, He-guo Zhu, Zonghan Xie
{"title":"Effect of Ti and B additions on the microstructure and properties of FeCoCrNi high entropy alloys prepared by hot pressing","authors":"Yicheng Zhang, Yanru Yang, Jifeng Zhang, Jiawen Li, He-guo Zhu, Zonghan Xie","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2029302","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2029302","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT (FeCoCrNi)100-3xTixB2x (x = 0, 1, 2 and 6 at.-%) high entropy alloys (HEAs) were fabricated by hot pressing. The effects of Ti and B content on the microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated using X-ray electron diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results show that the FeCoCrNi high-entropy alloy form single FCC phase. With the increase of Ti and B content, dual FCC phases appeared in the alloys. Additionally, the per cent elongation of alloys first increased and then declined, while the ultimate tensile strength kept moving up. The (FeCoCrNi)97TiB2 alloy has the highest per cent elongation of 13.1%, which is more than three times that of the FeCoCrNi. the (FeCoCrNi)82Ti6B12 alloy shows the highest ultimate tensile strength, which is 646.5 ± 0.1 MPa. The enhanced strength is attributed to solid solution effect and Orowan process.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"347 - 352"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45542248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Additive manufacturing of WMoTaTi refractory high-entropy alloy by employing fluidised powders 流化粉末增材制造WMoTaTi耐火高熵合金
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2031718
Chang Liu, Keya Zhu, Wangwang Ding, Yu Liu, Gang Chen, X. Qu
{"title":"Additive manufacturing of WMoTaTi refractory high-entropy alloy by employing fluidised powders","authors":"Chang Liu, Keya Zhu, Wangwang Ding, Yu Liu, Gang Chen, X. Qu","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2031718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2031718","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000 In this study, WMoTaTi refractory high-entropy alloy was successfully fabricated via selective laser melting (SLM) using pre-alloyed powders by mechanical milling combined with gas–solid fluidisation. Fluidisation effectively improves the particle sphericity and thus its spreading performance suitable for SLM. Processing parameters were investigated in terms of laser power, hatching space and scanning rate. The relative density of WMoTaTi made by SLM (SLMed) reaches 95.8 ± 1.4%, and it consisted of dominant BCC phase and minor HCP phase. The slight precipitation of HCP Ti was driven due to the non-equilibrium solidification during ultra-rapid cooling by SLM. The microhardness of WMoTaTi via SLM is 617.2 ± 4.1 HV, preferable to those fabricated by traditional manufacturing processes. The sound microhardness is resulted from the fine grain size and nano-sized HCP precipitates, which favour dislocation pinning and promote strength. This work demonstrates that SLMed WMoTaTi has sound mechanical properties while using the cost-affordable pre-alloyed powders by fluidisation.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"413 - 425"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48498949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 13
Effect of Nb Content and water quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering Nb含量和水淬对放电等离子烧结Ti-Nb合金组织和力学性能的影响
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-28 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2029303
Nattawood Suesawadwanid, A. Khantachawana, Kasama Srirussamee, K. Kondoh
{"title":"Effect of Nb Content and water quenching on microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by spark plasma sintering","authors":"Nattawood Suesawadwanid, A. Khantachawana, Kasama Srirussamee, K. Kondoh","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2029303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2029303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Titanium-niobium (Ti-Nb) alloys have been extensively studied for medical implants due to their advantageous mechanical properties and biocompatibility. However, the stress shielding effect remains a challenge. This research investigated the effects of Nb content and enhancement of α′′ formation on the mechanical properties of Ti-xNb alloys (x = 0, 5, 15 and 25%) fabricated by spark plasma sintering. Water quenching from the β phase induced α′′ phase formation in Ti-5Nb and Ti-15Nb samples, thereby reducing their Young’s modulus values but was not observed in commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti-25Nb. Results showed that heat treatment with water quenching induced α′′ phase formation and can be used to tailor the properties of Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by SPS. This technique can also be used to enhance material ductility at high β-stabilizer content, as observed in Ti-25Nb samples.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"426 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46768255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon M2 powder metallurgy high-speed steel prepared by the carbide addition 添加碳化物制备高碳M2粉末冶金高速钢的组织与力学性能
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-19 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2027593
Jun-de Yang, Ru-tie Liu, X. Xiong, Huaizhuang Luan, Yan-Zhao Hao, Baozhen Yang, Jie Chen
{"title":"Microstructure and mechanical properties of high carbon M2 powder metallurgy high-speed steel prepared by the carbide addition","authors":"Jun-de Yang, Ru-tie Liu, X. Xiong, Huaizhuang Luan, Yan-Zhao Hao, Baozhen Yang, Jie Chen","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2027593","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2027593","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper used carbonyl iron powder and carbide powder as raw materials to prepare high carbon M2 powder metallurgy high-speed steel through the cold compaction-sintering method. The evolution of microstructure and properties of the material at different sintering temperatures were emphatically studied. The results show that: The microstructure of the samples is that different types of carbides are uniformly dispersed in the matrix. Since the dissolution of the original carbides is a continuous process, the precipitated carbides are constantly changing with the increase of sintering temperature. Moreover, M2 steel achieves sintering densification near the solidus temperature, the sintering window is expanded to 10–15°C. In the sintering temperature range, the carbides in the samples are fine and uniformly dispersed. The material sintered at 1225°C has the best mechanical properties, with a bending strength of 2754 MPa, and a hardness of 51 HRC. In addition, mechanical properties are greatly improved by heat treatment.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"403 - 412"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44851547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Novel advanced copper-silver materials produced from recycled dendritic copper powders using electroless coating and hot pressing 利用再生树枝状铜粉化学镀和热压制备新型先进的铜银材料
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-13 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2022.2026031
T. Varol, O. Güler, Serhatcan Berk Akçay, Hüseyin Can Aksa
{"title":"Novel advanced copper-silver materials produced from recycled dendritic copper powders using electroless coating and hot pressing","authors":"T. Varol, O. Güler, Serhatcan Berk Akçay, Hüseyin Can Aksa","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2022.2026031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2022.2026031","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this study, copper powders with dendritic morphology were produced by the electrolysis method, and then silver coating was applied to these powders by an electroless coating method. The bulk samples were fabricated by hot pressing method using different ratios of copper and silver-plated copper powders. The results showed that the electroless silver coating layer provided a strong bond at the particle boundaries of the samples, significantly improving the physical and mechanical properties of the materials. Accordingly, the hardness, tensile strength, electrical and thermal conductivity values of the samples produced from silver-plated dendritic copper particles were determined to be approximately 98 HB, 185 MPa, 102 IACS% and 402 W mK−1, respectively. In addition, the oxidation resistance of the sample produced from completely silver-coated copper powders is 4 times higher than that of pure copper.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"390 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part II – microstructure evolution during sintering 粘结剂喷射316L不锈钢的烧结各向异性：第二部分——烧结过程中的微观结构演变
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-03 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2020486
Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin
{"title":"Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part II – microstructure evolution during sintering","authors":"Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2020486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2020486","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Green density of binder jetted parts are typically equal or lower than the powder tap density. Also, anisotropic green porosity distribution is expected because of the characteristics of the binder jetting (BJ) printing process. In this study, the microstructure evolution in terms of phases and porosity characteristics was studied. A transition from irregular-shape interconnected porosity in pre-sintered samples to closed quasi-spherical porosity for samples sintered at 1370°C was observed. EBSD phase map showed ∼2.73% of δ-ferrite in sample sintered at 1370°C. The anisotropic porosity distribution was revealed by a higher area fraction of aligned large pores (>35 µm), within the cross-section perpendicular to the building direction. Chemical analysis showed an increase of C, O and N on the green sample, while a strong decrease was found after sintering when compared with the powder chemistry. δ-ferrite onset, from phase equilibrium calculations, varies from ∼1250°C (sintered sample chemistry) to ∼1350°C (powder chemistry).","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"283 - 295"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42901867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru. 在秘鲁利马验证针对文盲的无图和有图选择性记忆测试。
4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2022-01-01 DOI: 10.1177/15333175221094396
Rosa Montesinos, Jose F Parodi, Monica M Diaz, Eder Herrera-Perez, Elizabeth Valeriano-Lorenzo, Ambar Soto, Carolina Delgado, Andrea Slachevsky, Nilton Custodio
{"title":"Validation of Picture Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test for Illiteracy in Lima, Peru.","authors":"Rosa Montesinos, Jose F Parodi, Monica M Diaz, Eder Herrera-Perez, Elizabeth Valeriano-Lorenzo, Ambar Soto, Carolina Delgado, Andrea Slachevsky, Nilton Custodio","doi":"10.1177/15333175221094396","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15333175221094396","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia in Latin America is a crucial public health problem. Identifying brief cognitive screening (BCS) tools for the primary care setting is crucial, particularly for illiterate individuals. We evaluated tool performance characteristics and validated the free and total recall sections of the Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test-Picture version (FCSRT-Picture) to discriminate between 63 patients with early Alzheimer's disease dementia (ADD), 60 amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and 64 cognitively healthy Peruvian individuals with illiteracy from an urban area. Clinical, functional, and cognitive assessments were performed. FCSRT-Picture performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve analyses. The mean ± standard deviation scores were 7.7 ± 1.0 in ADD, 11.8 ± 1.6 in aMCI, and 29.5 ± 1.8 in controls. The FCSRT-Picture had better performance characteristics for distinguishing controls from aMCI compared with several other BCS tools, but similar characteristics between controls and early ADD. The FCSRT-Picture is a reliable BCS tool for illiteracy in Peru.</p>","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"45 1","pages":"15333175221094396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10581140/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87591011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part I – sintering anisotropy 粘结剂喷射316L不锈钢的烧结各向异性:第一部分-烧结各向异性
IF 1.4 4区 材料科学
Powder Metallurgy Pub Date : 2021-12-25 DOI: 10.1080/00325899.2021.2020485
Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin
{"title":"Sintering anisotropy of binder jetted 316L stainless steel: part I – sintering anisotropy","authors":"Alberto Cabo Rios, E. Hryha, E. Olevsky, P. Harlin","doi":"10.1080/00325899.2021.2020485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00325899.2021.2020485","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In Binder Jetting (BJ) Additive Manufacturing (AM), green components are usually subjected to sintering process to reach required properties. Owing to the inherent low green density, binder jetted (BJ) parts undergo shrinkages up to 20%. In addition, anisotropic dimensional evolution during sintering is characteristic for BJ, generally caused by the specifics of the arrangement of particles during the printing process. In this study, the multi-axial dimensional evolution of 316L stainless steel cubic samples (10 × 10 × 10 mm3), manufactured using BJ, was characterised by dilatometry experiments. Dilatometry tests were conducted up to sintering temperatures of 1300°C and 1370°C, with a heating rate of 10°C/min and 5°C/min, respectively. Dilatometry results and final dimension measurements showed anisotropic shrinkage behaviour during sintering with about 15% larger shrinkage along the building direction. Shrinkages along the other two orthogonal directions were relatively similar, but a slightly larger final shrinkage along the printhead movement direction was observed. Relative density of 85.0% and 96.4% was obtained after sintering tests at 1300°C and 1370°C, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20392,"journal":{"name":"Powder Metallurgy","volume":"65 1","pages":"273 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2021-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48217656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 11
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：604180095
Book学术官方微信
小红书