Prehospital Emergency Care最新文献

{"title":"The Effect of Fatigue During Search and Rescue Efforts in Debris on the Quality of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.","authors":"Kadir Çavuş, Oğuzhan Tiryaki, Elif Tiryaki, Suat Çelik, Hüseyin Bora Saçar","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2025.2450072","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2025.2450072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), which is used in cases of life-threatening cardiopulmonary arrest, is a physically exhausting procedure. Adding to that, sometimes, even before performing CPR, interventions to rescue the injured person from a challenging environment have caused significant fatigue. In this study, taking a novel research approach, we generated a scenario of fatigue during a rescue from earthquake debris and aimed to measure the effect of that fatigue on the quality of CPR performed by paramedics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The research followed an experimental design with 2 groups (experimental/control) and 2 measurements (pretest/post-test). The study population was selected using power analysis. The sample, consisting of 84 paramedic students, was randomly divided into 42 control and 42 experimental participants. Current American Heart Association (AHA 2020) and European Resuscitation Council (ERC 2021) guidelines were strictly followed when performing CPR. In order to assess the accuracy of CPR, a General Doctor GD-CPR200S-A (2010 standard) simulator was utilized. The participants were fatigued by practicing the process of extracting and transporting earthquake victims from rubble. A personal information form with 20 questions and a CPR measurement form were used to obtain the data.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the analysis performed to measure the differences between the CPR indicators for the control and experimental groups in the post-test and pretest, the difference in compression (control: 6.5 ± 50.1 and experimental: -10.3 ± 46.0) was not significant. Meanwhile, we found that the difference in ventilation (control: 0.3 ± 5.4 vs. experiment: 8.1 ± 4.6) and the difference in CPR completion times (control: 0.2 ± 1.2 vs. experiment: -0.7 ± 0.7) between the post-test and pretest were significant.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There was no significant difference in correct compressions between the control and experimental groups, but there was a significant difference in ventilation and CPR completion times. For this reason, it is recommended to focus on the effect of fatigue on CPR quality, especially on the ventilation process. It is also recommended to include fatigue scenarios in CPR trainings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953818","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Numerical Cincinnati Stroke Scale Versus Stroke Severity Screening Tools for the Prehospital Determination of Large Vessel Occlusion.","authors":"Holden M Wagstaff, Remle P Crowe, Scott T Youngquist, H Hill Stoecklein, Ali Treichel, Yao He, Jennifer J Majersik","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2430442","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2430442","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Previous research demonstrated that the numerical Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) identifies large vessel occlusion (LVO) at similar rates compared to dedicated LVO screening tools. We aimed to compare numerical CPSS to additional stroke scales using a national emergency medical services (EMS) database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using the ESO Data Collaborative, the largest EMS database with linked hospital data, we retrospectively analyzed prehospital patient records from 2022. Each EMS record was linked to corresponding emergency department (ED) and inpatient records through a data exchange platform. Prehospital CPSS was compared to the Cincinnati Stroke Triage Assessment Tool (C-STAT), the Field Assessment Stroke Triage for Emergency Destination (FAST-ED), and the Balance Eyes Face Arm Speech Time (BE-FAST). The optimal prediction cut points for LVO screening were determined by intersecting the sensitivity and specificity curves for each scale. To compare the discriminative abilities of each scale among those diagnosed with LVO, we used the area under the receiver operating curve (AUROC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We identified 17,442 prehospital records from 754 EMS agencies with ≥1 documented stroke scale of interest: 30.3% (<i>n</i> = 5,278) had a hospital diagnosis of stroke, of which 71.6% (<i>n</i> = 3,781) were ischemic; of those, 21.6% (<i>n</i> = 817) were diagnosed with LVO. CPSS score ≥2 was found to be predictive of LVO with 76.9% sensitivity, 68.0% specificity, and AUROC 0.787 (95%CI 0.722-0.801). All other tools had similar predictive abilities, with sensitivity/specificity/AUROC of: C-STAT 62.5%/76.5%/0.727 (0.555-0.899); FAST-ED 61.4%/76.1%/0.780 (0.725-0.836); BE-FAST 70.4%/67.1%/0.739 (0.697-0.788).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The less complex CPSS exhibited comparable performance to three frequently employed LVO detection tools. The EMS leadership, medical directors, and stroke system directors should weigh the complexity of stroke severity instruments and the challenges of ensuring consistent and accurate use when choosing which tool to implement. The straightforward and widely adopted CPSS may improve compliance while maintaining accuracy in LVO detection.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12284087/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142676614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prehospital Endotracheal Intubation Success Rates for Critical Care Nurses Versus Paramedics.","authors":"Nicholas H George, Jacob B Cihla, Francis X Guyette, Sriram Ramgopal, Christian Martin-Gill","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2448246","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2448246","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Prehospital endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a lifesaving procedure with known complications. To reduce ETI-associated morbidity and mortality, organizations prioritize first-pass success (FPS). However, there are few data evaluating the association of FPS with clinician licensure.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a retrospective chart review of all paramedic and nurse ETI attempts by a multi-state air and ground critical care transport service between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2023. Our outcomes of interest were FPS and last-pass success (LPS). The exposure of interest was clinician license. We performed a multivariable logistic regression controlling for multiple common patient/operational confounders: age, sex, referring/procedure location, medical category, year, paralytic use, and proceduralist experience. As an exploratory analysis we assessed FPS by licensure and years of experience using time since first patient mission as a surrogate (<1 year, 1 to <2 years, 2 to <3 years, and 3+ years).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 171,804 encounters over the study period, 8,307 (4.8%) required ETI. Included encounters were mostly adult (≥18 years old; 91.0%), male (64.0%), and victims of trauma (57.4%). Most intubations were performed on primary retrieval (scene) missions (70.5%) with neuromuscular blockade (93.3%). Nurses and paramedics intubated with similar success on the first (88.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 87.9-89.8 vs. 89.7%; 95% CI 88.7-90.7) and last (97.4%; 95% CI 96.9-97.9 vs. 97.3%; 95% CI 96.7-97.8) attempts. Multivariable analysis revealed no significant difference between two groups for FPS (aOR 0.90; 95% CI 0.77-1.04]) or LPS (aOR 1.00; 95% CI 0.76-1.32). FPS was also similar for nurses (74.7%; 95% CI 69.8-79.7) and paramedics (80.6%; 95% CI 75.6-85.6) within the first year, and after 3 years of experience (91.6%; 95% CI 90.6-92.5 vs. 91.5%; 95% CI 90.5-92.6).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Critical care paramedics and nurses perform ETI with similar proficiency. In this analysis of 7,812 intubations, clinician licensure was not associated with FPS nor LPS after controlling for multiple common confounders. Further research evaluating training schemes especially in early years of experience is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stuck in Transition: Clinical and Patient Factors Behind Prolonged Paramedic to Emergency Department Transfer of Care.","authors":"Ryan P Strum, John McPhee, Michael Wionzek, Russell MacDonald","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2025.2451217","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2025.2451217","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Paramedic services face increasing challenges due to delays in patient transfer of care (TOC) at emergency departments (EDs). Prolonged TOC times directly impact paramedic services' ability to provide emergency response, though the patient and clinical factors contributing to these delays remain unclear. We examined TOC times for all transports to the ED and analyzed factors associated with prolonged TOC.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study using paramedic call data from Toronto Paramedic Services from September 1, 2022, to July 31, 2024. We included all paramedic-transported patient records to EDs following a 9-1-1 call, excluding inter-facility transfers and records with missing TOC timestamps. The TOC times were categorized into four intervals: 0-29, 30-59, 60-89, and ≥ 90 min. We conducted a cohort and subgroup analysis of patients aged 60 years or older using multivariable binary logistic regression models to identify factors independently associated with TOC times exceeding 60 min, using odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 418,196 patients were transported to EDs, of which 214,612 were 60 years or older. Overall, mean TOC was 39.9 min (SD 54.2). Patients aged 0-17 years had the lowest proportion in longer TOC intervals (5% for 60-89 mins; 2% for ≥ 90 mins), while patients 75 years or older had the highest (9%; 9% respectively). A TOC of at least 60 min was independently associated with older age (60 to 74 years OR 1.19, 1.15-1.22; 75 years or greater OR 1.27, 1.23-1.30), medical complexity (seven to eight diagnoses OR 1.15, 1.10-1.20; nine or greater diagnoses OR 1.29, 1.23-1.36), polypharmacy and specific presenting complaints (altered level of consciousness, respiratory distress, general weakness, head trauma). Medical acuity and receiving a paramedic intervention were not associated with prolonged TOC. Similar findings were determined in the subgroup analysis of older adults.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Prolonged TOC times disproportionately affect older or clinically complex patients, regardless of their acuity or need for paramedic intervention. Our findings highlight the importance for paramedic services, hospitals, and stakeholders to develop targeted care models and collaborations to reduce prolonged TOC.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Patient Comfort and Acceleration Exposure During Lifting and Loading Operations Using Manual and Powered Stretchers.","authors":"Yutaka Takei, Gen Toyama, Tetsuhiro Adachi, Taiki Nishi, Yasuharu Yasuda, Shinji Ninomiya, Akane Ozaki","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2447565","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2447565","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To compare the effects of powered and manual stretchers on participants' perceived comfort and measured acceleration during lifting and loading operations.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This non-randomized, laboratory-based crossover study involved forty-one participants (thirty-one firefighters and ten third-year paramedic students) who served as simulated patients experiencing lifting, lowering, loading, and unloading maneuvers using manual and powered stretchers. Four stretcher types were evaluated: one powered stretcher (Power-PRO^™ XT) and three manual stretchers (Matsunaga GT, Exchange 4070, Scad Mate), with each group using the manual stretcher they routinely operated. Linear acceleration data were collected using a nine-axis inertial measurement unit placed at the participants' anterior waist. Root mean square (RMS) and peak accelerations along the X-, Y-, and Z-axes were calculated. Participants completed a twenty-three-item comfort questionnaire based on the Semantic Differential method. Due to non-normal data distribution, nonparametric statistical tests were employed for analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The lifting/lowering and loading/unloading movements showed that the powered stretcher significantly reduced the RMS values, maximum accelerations, and minimum accelerations in the vertical axis (Z-axis) compared to manual stretchers. Specifically, the powered stretcher demonstrated lower RMS acceleration (0.29 m/s² vs. 0.73 m/s², <i>p</i> < 0.001), maximum acceleration (1.60 m/s² vs. 2.90 m/s², <i>p</i> < 0.001), and minimum acceleration (-1.48 m/s² vs. -3.30 m/s², <i>p</i> < 0.001) in the vertical direction compared to other manual stretchers. Similar results were observed in the comparison of participant loading/unloading movements. However, no significant differences were observed between the powered and Exchange stretchers in X-axis minimum acceleration, Y-axis maximum and minimum accelerations, or Z-axis maximum acceleration. Similarly, Y-axis minimum accelerations did not significantly differ between the powered stretcher and Matsunaga GT or Scad Mate stretchers. After loading and unloading movements, the questionnaire results showed that the powered stretcher was rated significantly higher on comfort-related items including \"comfortable,\" \"secure,\" \"like,\" \"smooth,\" and \"relaxing.\"</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In a controlled, laboratory-based setting, simulated use of manual and powered stretchers showed that powered stretchers significantly minimize patient discomfort and vibrations. This study underscores the potential for enhancing patient safety and quality of care. In conclusion, the powered stretcher is a promising tool for improving the quality and safety of patient transportation in prehospital settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142953670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Factors Influencing Outcomes of Trauma Patients Transferred in Trauma Systems by Air or Ground Ambulance: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Saqer A Alharbi, Paul du Toit, Joe Copson, Toby O Smith","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2440016","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2440016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This systematic review aims to determine the effectiveness of ambulance transportation versus helicopter transportation on mortality for trauma patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of published and unpublished databases (to August 2023) was performed. Studies, reporting mortality, for people who experienced trauma and were transported to a trauma unit by ambulance or helicopter were eligible. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to evaluate study quality.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of the 7,323 studies screened, 63 met the inclusion criteria. Thirty-two percent of these studies included patients with diverse injury types, while nine studies included patients across all age groups. The majority (92%) of the included data were retrospective in nature. Eighteen studies (28.57%) achieved the highest score on the Newcastle-Ottawa scale suggesting high-quality evidence. Seven studies examining 24-h mortality reported variable findings. Eighteen studies reported mortality without exact time points through adjusted analyses, 17 favored air transport. Air transport showed an advantage across all subgroups in the adjusted data, while the unadjusted data presented relatively similar outcomes between the two modes of transport.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>This systematic review found that adjusted analyses consistently favored air transport over ground transport. Unadjusted analyses showed no significant difference between the two modes of transport, except in specific subgroups. Further subgroup analyses revealed notable disparities between the two modalities, suggesting that these differences may be influenced by multiple factors. These findings highlight the need for further research to clarify the true impact of transport modality on trauma outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Community Disparities in Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Prehospital Antiarrhythmic Practices.","authors":"Anastasia S Papin, Hei Kit Chan, Angela Child, N Clay Mann, Daniel C Walter, Anna Maria Johnson, Kevin Schulz, Janet Page-Reeves, Ryan M Huebinger","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2436051","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2436051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Antiarrhythmic administration is an important treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) with a shockable rhythm, but a minimal amount is known about disparities in such antiarrhythmic practices. We sought to investigate the association between community race/ethnicity and prehospital antiarrhythmic administration for OHCA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective study of a national prehospital database, National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS), linked to Census data. We included OHCAs with a shockable rhythm from 2018 to 2021. We stratified patients based on majority (>50%) ZIP code race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic White (White), non-Hispanic Black (Black), and Hispanic/Latino). We then created two cohorts: (1) patients with a shockable rhythm at any point to study differences in antiarrhythmic administration rates, and (2) patients with an initial shockable rhythm to analyze differences in time to antiarrhythmic administration. For patients with a shockable rhythm at any point, we used logistic regressions to evaluate the association of community race to antiarrhythmic administration. For patients with an initial shockable rhythm, we compared the time from emergency medical services (EMS) dispatch to the first antiarrhythmic administration.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 763,944 cardiac arrests, 311,499 had a shockable rhythm during the OHCA, and 237,838 had an initial shockable rhythm. For patients with a shockable rhythm at any point, majority White (33.0%) received antiarrhythmics at a higher rate than majority Black (28.9%; aOR 0.9, 95%CI 0.8-0.9) and majority Hispanic/Latino (27.8%; aOR 0.8 95%CI 0.7-0.8). For patients with an initial shockable rhythm, the time to antiarrhythmic for White (median 19.6 min, IQR 15.00-26.28 min) was lower than for Black (median 20.5 min, IQR 16.33-26.35 min, <i>p</i> < 0.01) but higher than Hispanic/Latino (median 18.0 min, IQR 14.33-23.42 min, <i>p</i> < 0.01).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>While antiarrhythmic administration rate was lower for minority communities and time to antiarrhythmic was higher for Black OHCAs, time to antiarrhythmic administration was lower for Hispanic/Latino OHCAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Accuracy of Automated External Defibrillator Pad Placement During Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Resuscitation Simulations.","authors":"Amanda L Missel, Alejandro Gomez, Stephen R Dowker, Daniel Rizk, Robert W Neumar, Nathaniel Hunt","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2438394","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2438394","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims receiving defibrillation from an automated external defibrillator (AED) placed early in the chain of survival are more likely to survive. We sought to explore the accuracy of AED pad placement for lay rescuers (LR) and first responders (FR).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a secondary analysis of data collected during randomized OHCA simulation trials involving LRs and FRs. The LRs received hands-only CPR and AED guidance from a simulated 9-1-1 telecommunicator. The FRs did not receive telecommunicator instruction. Participants were surveyed about medical training and experience. Correct AED pad placements (anterior: AP, lateral: LP) were individually determined from video abstraction based on manufacturer's recommendations and distance to anatomical landmarks. Incorrect AP placement was defined as the upper edge of the pad past the crest of the trapezius, the medial edge past midline, or the lower edge beyond the nipple line. Incorrect LP placement was defined as the upper edge of the pad past the nipple line, the medial edge past midline, or the lower edge beyond the navel line. We examined the association between correct pad placement and previous CPR training (current, expired, or never) for LR and correct pad placement and self-reported recent field experience (<1 year) with AED application for FR using Fisher's exact.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Lay rescuers correctly placed the AP in 30/38 (78.9%) and the LP 30/38 (78.9%) simulations. Application did not differ significantly based on previous CPR training (AP <i>p</i> = .236, LP <i>p</i> = .621). The most common incorrect placement was too low for both AP (5/8, 62.5%) and LP (4/8, 50.0%). First responders applied the AP correctly in 16/18 (88.9%) and the LP in 14/18 (77.8%) simulations. Among FRs, correct pad application did not differ significantly based on recent field experience (AP <i>p</i> = .497, LP <i>p</i> = .119). The most common incorrect placement was too low for both AP (2/2, 100.0%) and LP (3/4, 75.0%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is an opportunity for improvement for both LRs and FRs to apply AEDs per manufacturer's recommendations. Further research is needed to improve instructions and follow-up training to ensure accurate AED pad placement.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-4"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12255820/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142971940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rural Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients More Likely to Receive Bystander CPR: A Retrospective Cohort Study.","authors":"James Hart, J Priyanka Vakkalanka, Uche Okoro, Nicholas M Mohr, Azeemuddin Ahmed","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2443478","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2443478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) remains lower in rural areas. Longer Emergency Medical Services (EMS) response times suggests that rural OHCA survival may need to rely more on early bystander intervention. This study compares the rates of bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) between rural and urban areas and examines societal factors associated with bystander CPR.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was a retrospective cohort study using merged county-level data from the National Emergency Medical Services Information System (NEMSIS) sample from 2019 and 2020, the 2019 American Community Survey, and the Bureau of Health Care Workforce data. We included all adults (age ≥ 18) with OHCA who were treated by an EMS clinician reporting data to NEMSIS, with the primary exposure of OHCA rurality, and the primary outcome of bystander CPR by a member of the public. Rurality was assigned using the Rural Urban Commuting Area code associated with the OHCA location. Cases were excluded if there was an indication for witnesses identified as health care personnel, the incident occurred at a health care site, or geographical data were not available. The association between patient- and community-level covariates and bystander CPR were measured using generalized estimating equations to model the adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), clustering on county.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 99,171 OHCA patients were identified and 60.9% (<i>n</i> = 60,380) received bystander CPR. Patients with OHCA living in isolated small rural towns (aOR: 1.57, 95%CI: 1.28-1.91) were more likely to have bystander CPR when compared to those living in urban cities. The odds of bystander CPR was lower in counties with larger populations of those without high school diplomas (e.g. >15% vs ≤6%, aOR: 0.56; 95%CI: 0.51-0.61), non-Caucasian populations (e.g. >40% vs ≤10%, aOR: 0.83; 95%CI: 0.76-0.91), and older populations (e.g. >14% vs ≤9%, aOR: 0.82; 95%CI: 0.74-0.91).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>We observed lower rates of bystander CPR in communities with lower education, higher rates of non-Caucasian populations, and older populations. Our findings emphasize the need for public interventions in bystander CPR training to meet the needs of diverse community characteristics, and particularly in areas where EMS response times may be longer.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142847254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Association of Lowest Prehospital Blood Pressure with Mortality in Severe Traumatic Brain Injury from a Nationwide Emergency Medical Services Database.","authors":"Sarah K S Knack, Aaron E Robinson, Gregory J Beilman, Akshay Bhardwaj, Michael A Puskarich","doi":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2433153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10903127.2024.2433153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>Clinical management of traumatic brain injury (TBI) focuses on preventing secondary injury from cerebral edema and ongoing anoxic injury. Consensus guidelines recommend maintaining systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥ 110 mmHg. A recent prehospital study suggested lowest adjusted mortality from 130 mmHg to 180 mmHg, suggesting the ideal pressure may be higher. This study aims to explore and externally validate the association between lowest out-of-hospital SBP and mortality in a nationwide database.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Retrospective observational study of nationwide data from the ESO© (Austin, TX) prehospital electronic health record. Inclusion criteria were an ICD-10 code for TBI, age >10 years, admission to the hospital, abbreviated injury severity head/neck sub-score ≥ 3. Data were split into 70% training and 30% test sets. Unadjusted and adjusted generalized additive models with splines for the continuous variables of SBP and age were created to assess the relationship between lowest SBP and mortality. Adjusted model covariates included age, sex, injury severity score, mechanism, polytrauma, trauma center transport (level 1, 2, or 3), hypoxia and airway management. To evaluate the independent association of lowest SBP with mortality, the adjusted marginal means for predicted probability of death at any fixed value of SBP were estimated and an optimized SBP range was identified. Age and injury severity were evaluated as possibly relevant interaction terms with SBP.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>From 2018 to 2022, 44,360 encounters with ICD-10 codes for TBI were screened and 9,449 met final inclusion criteria, with 2,005 meeting the primary outcome (21.2%). Both unadjusted and adjusted analysis identified lowest prehospital SBP as a significant predictor (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Based on adjusted marginal means, the optimized SBP for mortality was 132 mmHg (range 110-158 mmHg). The interaction between SBP and age was significant with a higher optimized SBP of 133 mmHg (range 125-145 mmHg) for patients aged 65 and older.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Out-of-hospital SBP is a significant predictor of mortality in subjects with severe TBI. These results suggest an optimized SBP range 110-158 mmHg, consistent with current consensus guidelines of SBP > 110 mmHg but may suggest benefit for higher SBP targets in older patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20336,"journal":{"name":"Prehospital Emergency Care","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2025-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142771662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}