{"title":"Saving seeds for planting and sharing.","authors":"D. Soleri, S. Smith, D. Cleveland","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0271","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0271","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Most seed saving is relatively easy, and many gardeners already know how to do it. But the key to getting the most out of saving and sharing garden seeds is understanding how these affect diversity and adaptation, and what that means to people and the communities. This chapter focuses on concepts that can make your seed saving and sharing more effective and consistent with your goals and values, and on practical suggestions for using those concepts. The four processes that shape the genetic diversity in garden crops, and all living organisms are discussed. Being aware of these processes gives you a new way to see and manage what's going on in the garden and seed stocks, to keep varieties healthy and vigorous, and retain important characteristics. Two of these processes (mutation and gene flow) usually increase diversity in the garden by adding new alleles; the other two (selection and genetic drift) typically decrease diversity by removing alleles. These processes result in microevolutionary changes in garden crops, that is, changes in frequencies of alleles and of genotypes over time.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117229293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How plants live and grow.","authors":"D. Soleri, S. Smith, D. Cleveland","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0125","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Air, water, soil and light are the basic resources essential for plants in food gardens. But how do plants use each of these to live and grow to produce the benefits we want, either through their harvest, their appearance, aroma, or other characteristics? This chapter explore answers to this question that will help us garden more successfully and respond to trends that are affecting the gardens, communities, and the world. Knowing the basics of how plants live and grow, including their morphology, or physical form, photosynthesis, respiration, transpiration, responses to drought and heat, and salt tolerance increases gardeners' capacity for responding to these trends.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123341167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"What can food gardens contribute? Gardens and wellbeing.","authors":"D. Soleri, D. Cleveland, S. Smith","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0011","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter covers concepts important for assessing the value of existing or planned gardens, and for increasing their benefits. Topics discussed include diet and nutrition, physical activity, psychological and social benefits, environmental benefits and economic benefits.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115826467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Responding to change as a food gardening strategy.","authors":"D. Soleri, S. Smith, D. Cleveland","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0067","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 As discussed in chapter 2, food gardening always involves working with change and uncertainty, but how to respond to that change may depend on whether it is in the form of familiar variation or long-term trends. This chapter begins with an overview and some basic concepts about responding to change, and then describe making observations, doing experiments, and organizing how to work together to respond effectively. More detailed discussion about doing formal experiments can be found in Appendix 3A.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133669968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Managing pests, pathogens, and beneficial organisms.","authors":"T. Orum, D. Soleri, D. Cleveland, S. Smith","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0225","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 The first section of this chapter describes the ecological approach to managing non-crop organisms in the garden. The second section briefly describes the common types of pests, pathogens and other organisms (including beneficial organisms) found in gardens. Five sections covers five basic management strategies, emphasizing pests and pathogens: managing the garden environment, choosing crop plants, biological control, physical control, and chemical control. For each of these, both concepts to use for optimizing net benefits and avoiding major problems are included, and for the last three, concepts to use when a major problem does develop. Section 9.8 is a guide to diagnosing and managing specific problems, and includes tables and accompanying figures summarizing some key concepts with examples.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128705578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Changes coming to your garden.","authors":"D. Soleri, S. Smith, D. Cleveland","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0045","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter steps back to see the larger picture of the connection between gardens and what is happening in the communities and environments. It looks at how change in the form of familiar variation is different from change in the form of trends, and then outlines the four major trends affecting food gardens and gardeners: increasing resource scarcity; changing climate; increasing inequity; and the changing character of populations in the global north, using the US as an example.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127360008","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Water, soils, and plants.","authors":"D. Cleveland, S. Smith, D. Soleri","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0199","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 In food gardens, water carries plant nutrients from the roots upward, and carbohydrates from photosynthesis throughout the plant. Water is also a medium for chemical reactions, cools the plant by evaporating from the leaves, and is essential for photosynthesis. The immediate goal of garden water management is to provide plants with enough water to produce a harvest and other benefits for a reasonable investment of time, money, and other resources, and without creating salinity or waterlogging problems. Another important goal of garden water management is strengthening equitable access to good quality water for people, while providing adequate water for food production and natural ecosystems, now and in the future. This chapter looks at some concepts of water-soil-plant relationships that are key to achieving these goals as water becomes scarcer.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127842632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Soil, nutrients, and organic matter.","authors":"D. Cleveland, D. Soleri, S. Smith","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0175","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 This chapter discusses the following topics: (i) origin and importance of soils; (ii) soil physical properties; (iii) soil and plant nutrition; (iv) nutrient cycles and anthropogenic climate change; (v) managing soil organic matter; (vi) composting; and (vii) soil resources.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"25 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113984400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Starting and caring for garden plants.","authors":"D. Soleri, D. Cleveland, S. Smith","doi":"10.1079/9781789241006.0149","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1079/9781789241006.0149","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract\u0000 Most annual garden crops, and some perennials, can be grown from seed. Vegetative propagation is the other way to start garden crops, especially longer-lived species such as fruit trees, but may also be useful for some annual plants. This chapter focuses on starting garden plants from seeds both directly in the garden and in nursery beds and containers for transplanting into the garden. It also gives a brief introduction to starting plants using vegetative propagation, discussing seed quality, planting, and early seedling care, especially under hot, dry conditions. The chapter also suggests ways to diagnose a few common seed planting problems.","PeriodicalId":203330,"journal":{"name":"Food gardens for a changing world","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125021152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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