Polish Journal of Soil Science最新文献

{"title":"Fitting soil particle-size distribution (PSD) models by PSD curve fitting software","authors":"M. Rastgou, H. Bayat, Muharram Mansoorizadeh","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.211","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a particle-size distribution (PSD) curve fitting software for analyzing the soil PSD and soil physical properties. A better characterization of soil texture can be obtained by describing the soil PSD using mathematical models. The mathematical equations of soil PSD are mainly used as a basis to estimate the soil hydraulic properties. Until now, many attempts are made to represent PSD curves using mathematical models, but selecting the best PSD model requires fitting all models to the PSD data, which would be difficult and time-consuming. So far, no specific program has been developed to fit the PSD models to the experimental data. A practical user-friendly software called \"PSD Curve Fitting Software\" was developed and introduced to program a simultaneous fitting of all models on soil PSD data of all samples. Some of the capabilities of this software are calculating evaluation statistics for all models and soils and their statistical properties such as average, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for all models, the amount of models’ fitting parameters and their statistical properties for all soil samples, soil water retention curve by Arya and Paris (1981) and Meskini-Vishkaee et al. (2014) methods, soil hydraulic conductivity by Arya et al. (1999) method, different textural and hydraulic properties, specific surface area, and other descriptive statistics of PSD for all soil samples. All calculated parameters are presented in an output Excel file format by the software. The software runs under Windows XP/7/8/10.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"211"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41755625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dissipation of nitrapyrin (nitrification inhibitor) in subtropical soils","authors":"A. Srivastava","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.173","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.173","url":null,"abstract":"Nitrapyrin (2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)pyridine) is a specific nitrification inhibitor, applied in soils for reducing the nitrification process of nitrogenous fertilizers. The overall effect of nitrapyrin is enhancing the efficiency of nitrogenous fertilizers in soils and also controlling environmental pollution in water by preventing nitrate leaching in soils. Dissipation of nitrapyrin was evaluated in subtropical soils at two fortification levels of 2 and 4 µg∙g -1 . The extraction of nitrapyrin was done by quick, easy, cheap, rugged and safe (QuEChERS) method and quantitative analysis – by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nitrapyrin residues declined consistently with time in both types of soils and were not detectable (<0.05 µg∙g -1 ) on the 45 th day at 2 µg∙g -1 and on the 60 th day at 4 µg∙g -1 application rate. Dissipation of nitrapyrin occurred in a single phase with the persistence data fitting well to the first-order kinetics. The half-life of nitrapyrin was 9.6 and 9.9 d at 2 µg∙g -1 and 16.1 d and 17.3 d at 4 µg∙g -1 application rate in both types of soils. The results revealed higher persistence of nitrapyrin at higher concentration (4 µg∙g -1 ) in both types of soils, probably because of high temperature and humidity in subtropical soils.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46163327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative and qualitative land suitability assessment for rice cultivation, north of Iran","authors":"Amir Moloudi, N. Mahabadi","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.195","url":null,"abstract":"Evaluation of arable lands and agricultural potential to support current and future agricultural uses is one of the best agricultural policies for food security in developing countries. Hence, studies related to land suitability evaluation can lead to sustainable land use. The aims of this research were qualitative land suitability evaluation, land production potential prediction and quantitative land suitability evaluation on the basis of the FAO model for rice in Sangar region, northern Iran. Qualitative evaluation was carried out using the maximum limitation and parametric methods. Land production potential was determined by the agro-ecological zoning (AEZ) model. Land suitability classes according to maximum limitation, Storie and square root parametric methods are determined S3, S3-N1 and S2-S3, respectively. Rice radiation-thermal production potential was calculated as 7.65 t/ha; mean land production potentials, using Storie and square root formulas were predicted respectively, as 3.69 and 4.52 t/ha and mean actual yield was estimated as 2.81 t/ha. The results of this study showed that use of the square root formula is more appropriate than Storie formula as far as land production potential calculation is concerned. Soil limitations and weak management level have caused majority of land units to have moderate quantitative suitability (S2) for rice cultivation. Comparison between qualitative and quantitative suitability classes demonstrates that quantitative suitability classes are significantly increased due to crop adaptation with climate agents.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44371805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Classification of brown earths based on field and laboratory properties: Problematic issues and proposition of their solution","authors":"K. Woźnica, A. Józefowska, J. Sokołowska, R. Mazurek, T. Zaleski","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.225","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the current problems associated with the classification of brown earths, are presented. According to the Polish Soil Classification (PSC) (1989, 2011), base saturation is the main parameter for identifying eutrophic and dystrophic brown soils. In practice, however, it is not possible to determine the base saturation value in the field. Therefore, the aim of this study was to estimate the base saturation using a regression equation and create a field guide for brown earths, based on the pH value, measured using a Hellige indicator, and the calcium carbonate content. Determination of the pH ranges enabled the classification of brown earth types in the field. These results suggest that pH can be used as a proxy for base saturation especially in the field. A change in the hierarchy of soil (sub)types is proposed for the new Polish Soil Classification.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49272503","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Water holding properties and soil water types in fine textured Vertisol soils of Thrace region in Turkey","authors":"R. Çakır","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.247","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.247","url":null,"abstract":"The study was carried out on 16 selected model soil profiles, located on lands covered with soils exhibiting vertic properties in Thrace Region of Turkey. Different horizons and/or sub-horizons of 16 characteristic soil profiles were evaluated in field or laboratory conditions in terms of water holding capacity and water types properties. Total of 105 soil samples were analyzed for routine physical characteristics. Soil water holding capacity was determined applying negative potentials (Ψ) of -0.33 bar, -15.5 bar and -31.5 bar (pF 2.54; 4.2 and 4.5), using a pressure-membrane extraction apparatus. In addition to gravitational, available, unavailable and hygroscopic soil water types, the soil samples were investigated also in terms of crystal-lattice water content. The highest amounts of the listed water types were determined in soils of Buyuk Mandira, Turkgeldi and Seymen containing the highest rates of smectite clay mineral. The mass percentage (Pw) rates of the mentioned water types of the investigated profies varied in the ranges of 29.1–66.3%, 10–2.15%, 22.0–32.4%, 6.0–9.0% and 5.6–8.6%, respectively. Though the mass percentages of enumerated water types in the soils of Osmanli and Yeni Mahalle, all owning high sand and lower clay content on the other hand, are between 28.9–40.6%, 6.1–15.5%, 7.4–16.8%, 2.4–4.8% and 1.7–4.4%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44047436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Content and changes in dissolved organic matter in meadow and arable soils over time","authors":"B. Debska","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.183","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the discrepancies in the reports on seasonal changes in the content of  dissolved organic carbon, this paper concerns the research which aimed at defining the content and seasonal changes in dissolved organic matter (DOM) in arable and meadow soils in moderate climate conditions. The research has involved the soils sampled in the kujawsko-pomorskie province (Poland). Gleic Phaeozems (meadow soils), Brunic Arenosols and Eutric Cambisols were sampled from the depth of 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm and 60-100 cm, November 2011 through September 2013. The soil samples were analyzed for dry weight content, pH, content of total organic carbon and total nitrogen. DOM was extracted with 0.004 mol·dm -3 CaCl 2 , in the extracts the content of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DNt) were assayed. The share of DOC was determined by the soil management. The analysis of variance did not show significant differences in the content of TOC and Nt across the soil sampling dates. Were recorded changes in DOC and DNt between successive sampling dates; for topsoil for DOC – from -12.06% to 13.34% (meadow soils) and for DNt  -40.84% to 47.44% (arable soils).","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"183"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43012480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of randomly oriented fibres on shear strength of mineral soils","authors":"T. Zydroń, A. Gruchot","doi":"10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/pjss.2019.52.2.235","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the paper was to determine two things: the influence of type and amount of reinforcement on shear strength of soil and the relation between the efficiency of reinforcement and soil moisture content. Shear strength was determined in a direct shear apparatus in a box with a square section of 80x80 mm. The range of normal stress was from 25 to 150 kPa and the shear velocity was 1.0 mm×min -1 . The tests were carried out on medium sand and clayey coarse silt at two moisture contents and with two types of reinforcement - polyolefine fibres and 40x3 mm foil stripes. The addition of reinforcement was 0.5 and 1.0% in relation to the dry mass of soil. Test results indicated that using polyolefine fibres as dispersed reinforcement in a sandy soil increased its shear strength. Whereas the influence of using foil stripes on shear strength was little. However, using both types of reinforcement in a cohesive soil increased its shear strength and this influence was particularly clear at higher moisture content.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"52 1","pages":"235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42666755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of fungal inoculum application on changes in organic matter of leaf litter composting","authors":"B. Irawan, R. Kasiamdari, B. H. Sunarminto, E. Soetarto, S. Hadi","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.143","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.143","url":null,"abstract":"The decomposition of organic matter on leaf litter substrat  runs very slowly in nature resulting in the accumulation of litter in the ecosystem and has even become an organic waste that creates many problems. The research was dealt with the use of lignocellulolytic fungi inoculum consisting of 3 isolates: Aspergillus fumigatus (cellulolytic), A. tubingensis (xylanolytic) and Geotrichium sp (ligninolytic) as starter of leaf litter composting.  The purpose of the study is to understand the pattern of humic-fulvat acid and C/N ratio on the process of composting of leaf litter with the addition of inoculum. Observations were made to the chemical changes of compost for 3, 6 and 9 weeks of composting and the data were analyzed in RM-anova (Repeated Measures of anova).  The result shows the best pattern of humic acid and fulvic  change from the initial to final composting occurs at the Geotrichum sp inoculum of 0.60 or 105.2% and for fulvic are of 0.55 or 56.1% of baseline. The highest ratio value of CHA/CFA at the end of observation was by consortium of  A. fumigatus and A. tubingensis inoculums that was 2.94 and the lowest value was at commercial inoculum that was 0.80; and the sharpest change value also occurred in the consortium A. fumigatus and A. tubingensis inoculums of 2.20 or 297.3%. Therefore the consortium isolates were capable of causing the maturity of the compost most rapidly compared to other isolates.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42273599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing the use of the PHYTOTOXKIT test to assess the toxicity of soil contaminated with creosote","authors":"Wojciech Filip Kucaj, Kacper Rygielski, K. Cybulska","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"vertical-align: inherit;\"><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">Soil phytotoxicity studies were performed with different doses of creosote by means of<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> the PHYTOTOXKIT test, using <span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"><em>Sinapis alba</em><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">, <span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"><em>Lepidium sativum</em><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">, <span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"><em>Sorghum saccharatum </em><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">as test<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> plants. The obtained results indicate highly signifiant effect of the creosote dose, duration of soil<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> incubation, type of test plant and period, after which the root length measurement was performed<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> during the phytotoxicity index root test. The analysis of results indicates the highest sensitivity of<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"><em> Sorghum saccharatum </em><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">to creosote and the highest correlation of results obtained with the aid of<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"><em> Lepidium sativum </em><span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\">when measuring the root length after the fist day the seeds are lined with the<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> size of the dose. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to predict the reaction of test<span style=\"font-family: TimesNewRomanPSMT; font-size: 9pt; color: #231f20; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal;\"> plants on the size of creosote","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42222217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soils in the memory of world nations","authors":"S. Pozniak, N. Havrysh","doi":"10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17951/PJSS.2019.52.1.13","url":null,"abstract":"The most important feature of the primary accumulation of different facts about the properties of soils, their fertility and ways of cultivation is the human awareness of soil as the environment of growth and development of plants, as well as the existence of a large variety of soils and the need for their differentiated use in the agriculture and different taxation systems. Monuments are important in the case of careful treatment and conservation of natural objects, including soils. Monuments to soils have been preserved in ancient writings – Egyptian papyri and steles, chronicles, maps, etc. Taking into account the importance of chernozem for nature and for humans as well, a number of monuments, scientifi works, fition, or poems are devoted to this particular type of soil. There are also announced “years of chernozem”, indicating it as the standard of excellence in the world soils. Analysis of the development of soil science has shown that it has a long history, from ancient times to the present day. The main idea is that soil plays an important role both for nature and humanity. An important task of modern society is a reasonable approach towards the soil and preservation of natural soil objects.","PeriodicalId":20295,"journal":{"name":"Polish Journal of Soil Science","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47148310","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}