Prevention Research最新文献

{"title":"Abstract SY17-02: Multiantigen vaccines for colon cancer prevention","authors":"S. Sei","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-SY17-02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-SY17-02","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85263547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2599: Does tumor volume effect the spectroscopic classification of brain cancer patients","authors":"A. G. Theakstone, Paul M. Brennan, M. Baker","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2599","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2599","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on investigating the link between brain tumor volume and the spectroscopic classification between patients with known gliomas and healthy controls. Discrimination of brain cancer vs. non-cancer patients using serum-based ATR-FTIR diagnostics was first developed by Hands et al. achieving sensitivity and specificity values of 92.8% and 91.5% respectively. Cameron et al. then went on to stratifying between specific brain tumor types and was successful in providing a sensitivity of 90.1% and a specificity of 86.3%. Expanding on these studies, it is vital to determine if the size of a tumor has a direct effect on the sensitivity and specificity and whether or not it was only the larger tumors that were being identified as cancerous. A cohort of 90 patients whose tumor volumes were calculated using their MRI images (either T1-weighted contrast enhanced, T2-weighted or FLAIR images), including patients with high-grade glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), and low-grade gliomas such as anaplastic astrocytoma, astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma and oligodendroglioma, were used for investigation. Utilizing ATR-FTIR spectroscopy coupled with machine learning algorithms these tumor patients were stratified against 87 healthy controls and were classified as either cancer or non-cancer. From these initial findings9 sensitivities, specificities and balanced accuracies were greater than 88% and cancer patients with tumor volumes as small as 0.2 cubic cm were correctly identified, demonstrating that classifications are not affected by tumor volume. Both small and low-grade gliomas were identified which shows great promise for this technique to be used as a screening tool or in diagnostics for early detection of brain tumors. Citation Format: Ashton G. Theakstone, Paul M. Brennan, Matthew J. Baker. Does tumor volume effect the spectroscopic classification of brain cancer patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2599.","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76359647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2536: Mutational landscape of the bronchial epithelium of individuals at high risk for lung cancer","authors":"S. J. Rahman, Shilin Zhao, Shih-Kai Chu, Y. Zou, A. Hui, T. Stricker, Chen Heidi, M. Diehn, P. Massion","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2536","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79871807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract LB224: The potential effect of chronically increased endotoxin levels on breast carcinoma progression in obese patients.","authors":"A. Meirovitz, Daniela Nahmias, E. Hermano, O. Maimon, T. Peretz, M. Elkin","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-LB224","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-LB224","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity serves as a risk factor for estrogen-dependent postmenopausal breast cancer (BC). While the exact association occurring between these two disease states remains unknown, obesity-associated inflammation is thought to be the most likely contributing factor. In addition, obesity has been correlated to changes in gut microbiota composition and a subsequent chronic increase in bacterial endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] - canonic ligand of toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4]) blood levels. It was recently shown that BC cells intrinsically express TLR4 and such expression has been associated with decreased patient survival as well as increased tumor growth. We hypothesized that obesity-associated endotoxemia may contribute to BC progression by utilizing TLR-dependent mechanisms and exerting cancer-promoting effects directly (on carcinoma cells) and indirectly (triggering abnormal activation of macrophages). Utilizing a chronic metabolic endotoxemia and breast cancer murine model as well as in vitro experimental systems, we found that continuous exposure to low concentrations of LPS not only promotes BC progression in vivo but stimulates BC cell growth in culture through the activation of key breast cancer-promoting signaling pathways (Stat3, Akt, ERK1/2). Obesity has reached epidemic proportions globally, where elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying breast tumor-promoting action of obesity has become of vital importance. Improving the understanding of such mechanisms has the potential to reveal improved efficacious therapy regimens and prevention strategies in a rapidly growing population of obese, breast cancer patients. Citation Format: Amichay Meirovitz, Daniela Nahmias, Esther Hermano, Ofra Maimon, Tamar Peretz, Michael Elkin. The potential effect of chronically increased endotoxin levels on breast carcinoma progression in obese patients. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr LB224.","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78672855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2560: Plasticity-related signaling pathways in the medial prefrontal cortex and hippocampus as potential targets of the antidepressant vortioxetine in reversing cognitive impairments after androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer","authors":"Alexandra M. Vaiana, Román A. Fernández, J. Gelfond, T. Johnson-Pais, R. Leach, C. Ramamurthy, I. Thompson, D. Morilak","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2560","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73250300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2580: Synergistic effect of magnesium with metformin for the prevention of liver and colorectal cancer","authors":"L. Fan, D. Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, H. Murff, M. Azcarate-Peril, M. Shrubsole, Q. Dai","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2580","url":null,"abstract":"The obesity epidemic has dramatically increased the type 2 diabetes (T2D) prevalence in the US over the past two decades. Previous studies have relatively consistently found individuals with T2D are at increased risks of cancer, including liver and colorectal cancer in which insulin resistance may play an important role. However, the mechanism remains largely unknown. Metformin, the primary first-line medication for the treatment of T2D, has been shown to improve insulin resistance and be linked to a reduced risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recent Cell and Cell metabolism publications identified that imidazole propionate (ImP), a microbial metabolite of histidine, significantly increased in patients with T2D and causally induced insulin resistance in mice. Furthermore, the therapeutic effects of metformin on insulin resistance disappeared when ImP was elevated, indicating that ImP plays a key role in developing insulin resistance and resistance to metformin treatment. Our recent work together with a subsequent study from others demonstrated higher magnesium (Mg) intake is associated with a substantially reduced risk of HCC, HCC mortality and mortality from liver diseases. Accumulative evidence, including our prior work, has also linked higher Mg intake to a reduced risk of colorectal neoplasia. Previous studies found that the process of the histidine utilization (Hut) system to metabolize histidine in some bacterial taxa depends on concentrations of divalent metal ion Mg2+. We hypothesize that low availability of Mg2+ in gut microbiota could terminate the Hut system and increase the production of intermediate metabolites, including ImP, over other end products. This will lead to increased levels of ImP in the gut and, in turn, liver and circulation. We tested our hypothesis in the Personalized Prevention of Colorectal Cancer Trial (PPCCT) (registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01105169), a precision-based randomized trial enrolling 240 participants at high risk of Mg deficiency. Among 68 participants (34 treatment/34 placebo), we found that compared to the placebo, Mg treatment significantly reduced ImP by 39.9% compared to a 6.0% increase in the placebo arm after adjustment for baseline ImP (P=0.02). However, we found Mg treatment did not significantly affect the levels of trans-urocanate, the precursor of ImP. Since Mg deficiency leads to insulin resistance and as high as 50% of patients with T2D have hypomagnesemia, Mg deficiency may lead to an increased risk of ImP and, in turn, resistance to metformin which subsequently increases risk of HCC and CRC. Thus, futures studies should evaluate whether the joint use of Mg supplementation and metformin synergistically maximizes the efficacy of metformin and minimizes the treatment resistance on insulin resistance and, subsequently, prevention of HCC and CRC. Citation Format: Lei Fan, Danxia Yu, Xiangzhu Zhu, Xuehong Zhang, Xiang Huang, Harvey J. Murff, M. Andr","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73836402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2594: Reactivation of maspin by plant flavone apigenin through inhibition of class I HDACs and increase in p53 transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells","authors":"E. Shankar, Albert S Lee, Rajnee Kanwal, Sanjay Gupta","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2594","url":null,"abstract":"Loss of tumor suppressors leads to acquisition of metastatic capability during prostate cancer progression leading to higher mortality. Maspin (SERPINB5) is a unique member of the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) family shown to regulate cell motility, migration and invasiveness. Loss of maspin is frequently identified in clinical prostate cancer specimens and prostate cancer cell lines, therefore novel therapeutic approaches to restore its expression are needed. We recently demonstrated that knockdown of class I HDACs increase maspin expression in prostate cancer cells [Mol Carcinog. 59(8):955-966, 2020]. Apigenin (49, 5, 7-trihydroxyflavone), a plant flavone has shown to possess anticancer properties and alters pathways that regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis, however, the molecular basis of these effects remains unclear. We investigated whether apigenin has ability to restore maspin expression and contribute to the inhibition of metastasis. Treatment of human prostate cancer LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells, both harboring wild type p53, with 1-40 µM apigenin for 72 h resulted in a dose- and time- dependent decrease in cell invasion and migration with concurrent increase in maspin expression in the nuclear compartment. Since, p53 activates maspin promoter by binding directly to p53 consensus-binding site, we studied the effect of apigenin in potentially restoring p53-mediated maspin levels. Exposure of LNCaP and 22Rv1 cells with 5-20 μM of apigenin resulted in dose-dependent increase in maspin expression and p53 activation through acetylation at the Lys305 residue. These effects were associated with the inhibition of class I HDAC levels. Furthermore, apigenin withdrawal resulted in the loss of maspin expression and p53 acetylation in LNCaP cells. The increased apigenin-mediated p53 acetylation enhanced its binding on maspin promoter, which was associated with decrease in cell invasion and migration. Apigenin treatment also caused accumulation of acetylated histone H3 in total cellular chromatin, increasing accessibility to bind with the promoter sequences of maspin, consistent with the effects elicited by HDAC inhibitor, Tricostatin A. Similar observations of inhibition of class I HDACs and increase in p53 transcriptional activity were noted after feeding apigenin at 20- and 50- µg/day to 22Rv1 tumor xenograft implanted in athymic nude mice. Our results demonstrate that apigenin-mediated increase in maspin expression together with downregulation of class I HDACs, increases p53 activation resulting in decreased invasiveness and migration capabilities in prostate cancer. Citation Format: Eswar Shankar, Albert Lee, Rajnee Kanwal, Sanjay Gupta. Reactivation of maspin by plant flavone apigenin through inhibition of class I HDACs and increase in p53 transcriptional activity in prostate cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; C","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77305898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2607: Promotion of low-dose computed tomography for early-stage lung cancer detection","authors":"Monica Saravana Vela, J. Berei, Katrina Dovalovsky, S. Sreenivasappa, J. Ross, Luigi Moruzzi, S. Martell, W. Schulz, N. Puri","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2607","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2607","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In 2019, 23.5% of deaths from cancer in the United States were attributed to lung cancer, a greater proportion than those from breast, prostate, pancreatic, and ovarian cancers combined. Lung cancer9s high mortality rate is largely due to the fact that approximately 75% of new cases are diagnosed in late stages. On a local level, Winnebago County has 17% higher incidence and mortality rates due to lung cancer than the corresponding national rates. Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is a valuable lung screening technique that utilizes 90% less ionizing radiation than a conventional chest CT scan. Hypothesis/Aims: Increased awareness of LDCT in clinical and community settings will lead to increased detection of lung cancer in early stages and decreased mortality. Study Design: We spread information on the new U.S. Preventive Services Task Force guidelines to both smokers and physicians in Winnebago County. We evaluated the number of LDCT screenings in Winnebago County between June 2015-March 2019, and recorded the number and stage classifications of lung cancer cases detected after these screenings. We also surveyed physicians and smokers on their likelihood of recommending LDCT to others after our seminars. Lastly, we created a Facebook page (Northern Illinois Lung Cancer Screening Project) to continue promoting LDCT screening in a socially distanced manner. Results: 15 seminars and 37 public awareness booths targeting an estimated 300 physicians and 1,450 smokers were conducted to increase knowledge of LDCT. 2,076 patients underwent LDCT screening at local hospitals. 28 patients were diagnosed with lung cancer, with 17 cases being early stage. 1,000 additional individuals were found to have small lung nodules. According to our surveys, 100% of attendees felt motivated to tell others about LDCT screening after attending our seminars. These studies are also being extended to Boone, Ogle, and Stephenson Counties, which have high incidence of mortality rates attributed to lung cancer. In an alternative effort to promote lung cancer screening in Northern Illinois, we created a Facebook page where we publish posts weekly and have reached over 1109 people and garnered 142 engagements from users. Conclusions: 17 local community members were diagnosed with early stage lung cancer, thus improving their prognosis and increasing therapy options. These community-based studies are being expanded to surrounding areas to expand the reach and effectiveness of our studies. Citation Format: Monica Saravana Vela, Joseph Berei, Katrina Dovalovsky, Shylendra Sreenivasappa, Joseph Ross, Luigi Moruzzi, Sandra Martell, William Schulz, Neelu Puri. Promotion of low-dose computed tomography for early-stage lung cancer detection [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cance","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77575534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2525: Low frequency TP53 mutations in airway epithelial cells serve as lung cancer risk biomarker","authors":"D. J. Craig, E. Crawford, P. Massion, Thomas Morrison, J. Willey","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2525","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2525","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72961864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Abstract 2540: Belief in research, religious coping, and willingness to participate in clinical trials among African Americans with hematologic malignancies: a pilot study","authors":"Marjorie Petty","doi":"10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.AM2021-2540","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20290,"journal":{"name":"Prevention Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72993471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}