Irene Pison Fernandez, Pilar F. Cibran, Lious Ntoung Agbor Tabot
{"title":"Cash Flow Fixing: A New Approach to Economic Downturn (Small and Medium Size Enterprises)","authors":"Irene Pison Fernandez, Pilar F. Cibran, Lious Ntoung Agbor Tabot","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2444820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2444820","url":null,"abstract":"This paper develops a simple model in predicting the possibility of SME operating on a going-concern basis during economic downturn, just by observing the components that constitute the cash flow information. Thus, SME can stay in business during economic downturn by increasing their operating sales and minimizing their operating expense and interest paid which makes it better off than winding down. The resulting model captures cash flow surplus as a reason for SME operating on a going-concern basis, though fixed cost is positive and large. Our statistical group are SME of all sectors in Spain and Galicia excluding financial sector. According to the considered situations for selecting samples, 269 firms were chosen for Spain and 50 firms for Galicia during the period of 2003 to 2012. The time-line of the study is essential because it helps us to determine the position of cash flow of SME in Galicia and Spain before the financial crisis. It further expands the proportion of inactive SME amongst the active SME that could not operate on a going-concern basis due to insufficient cash flow from 2003 to 2012. Research findings have shown that operating sales have a significant and positive relationship with cash flow while operating expenses have negative effect on cash flow across Spain and Galicia. Finally, interest enter model with a positive sign, increasing the relevance of operating expense forecasting the shortage of cash flow.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-07-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116709016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Deep Impact: Impact Factors and Accounting Research","authors":"W. Huber","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2441340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2441340","url":null,"abstract":"The impact of accounting research has been the subject of several studies over the past 30 years. Impact factors using citation analysis is the major method of evaluating the impact of accounting research and ranking accounting journals. Studies of the impact of accounting research using citation analysis have been conducted on faculty, doctoral students, and departments of accounting. Impact factor and citation analysis are considered by some to serve as proxies for the value or contribution of a journal or article. However, few question the meaning of impact factors or understand how impact factors are calculated. This paper discusses the meaning of impact factors and their importance in accounting research, and the potential for manipulating impact factors to the detriment of developing and producing accounting knowledge. The purpose of the paper is to pull back the curtain that veils the true meaning of impact factors.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"242 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115587394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Evans, Mei Feng, Vicky B. Hoffman, Donald V. Moser, Wim A. Van der Stede
{"title":"Points to Consider When Self-Assessing Your Empirical Accounting Research","authors":"J. Evans, Mei Feng, Vicky B. Hoffman, Donald V. Moser, Wim A. Van der Stede","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2120181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2120181","url":null,"abstract":"We provide a list of points to consider (PTCs) to help researchers self-assess whether they have addressed certain common issues that arise frequently in accounting research seminars and in reviewers’ and editors’ comments on papers submitted to journals. Anticipating and addressing such issues can help accounting researchers, especially doctoral students and junior faculty members, convert an initial empirical accounting research idea into a thoughtful and carefully designed study. Doing this also allows outside readers to provide more beneficial feedback rather than commenting on the common issues that could have been dealt with in advance. The list, provided in the appendix, consists of five sections: Research Question; Theory; Contribution; Research Design and Analysis; and Interpretation of Results and Conclusions. In each section, we include critical items that readers, journal referees, and seminar participants are likely to raise and offer suggestions for how to address them. The text elaborates on some of the more challenging items, such as how to increase a study's contribution, and provides examples of how such issues have been effectively addressed in previous accounting studies","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129126149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Asymmetric Dependence, Tail Dependence, and the Time Interval over Which the Variables Are Measured","authors":"Byoung Uk Kang, Gunky Kim","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2439074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2439074","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of time interval on the linear correlation coefficient between random variables is well documented in the literature. In this paper, we investigate the time interval effect on asymmetric dependence and tail dependence between random variables. We prove that when two random variables are characterized by asymmetric dependence (in any direction), the magnitude of asymmetry in their dependence structure decreases monotonically as the time interval increases, approaching zero (i.e., symmetry) in the limit. Also, when two random variables exhibit tail dependence, their tail dependence decreases monotonically as the time interval increases, approaching zero (i.e., tail independence) in the limit. Our results hold regardless of whether the variables are both additive, both multiplicative, or one is additive and the other is multiplicative.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130022828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Semiparametric Model Selection in Panel Data Models with Deterministic Trending and Cross-Sectional Dependence","authors":"Jia Chen, Jiti Gao","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2434618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2434618","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we consider a model selection issue in semiparametric panel data models with fixed effects. The modelling framework under investigation can accommodate both nonlinear deterministic trends and cross-sectional dependence. And we consider the so-called \"large panels\" where both the time series and cross sectional sizes are very large. A penalised profile least squares method with first-stage local linear smoothing is developed to select the significant covariates and estimate the regression coefficients simultaneously. The convergence rate and the oracle property of the resulting semiparametric estimator are established by the joint limit approach. The developed semiparametric model selection methodology is illustrated by two Monte-Carlo simulation studies, where we compare the performance in model selection and estimation of three penalties, i.e., the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the smoothly clipped absolute deviation (SCAD), and the minimax concave penalty (MCP).","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131193732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparing Intellectual Capital Disclosure Among the Greek Listed Companies: Does Sector and Capitalization Matter?","authors":"Michail Nerantzidis","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2414619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2414619","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study is to examine the intellectual capital disclosure (hereafter: ICD) among the Greek listed companies and compare this level of disclosure among companies of different sector and capitalisation. For this reason, a content analysis of 49 companies' annual reports was firstly conducted, in order to examine the ICDs frequency per element (by sector and capitalisation). Then, a hypothesis analysis was used to compare the level of ICD among companies of different sector and capitalisation. The findings showed that the most reported accounting category was external (or relational) capital and the second most reported was internal (or structural) capital. Furthermore, this study revealed that the most knowledge-based or the biggest companies have the most ICDs frequency. However, a great effort has been put in, in order to increase transparency, in the way that content analysis is conducted, so that a 'real' benefit on future studies can exist.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122480281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Look at the Fama-French Model: Evidence Based on Expected Returns","authors":"M. Hanauer, Christoph Jäckel, C. Kaserer","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2082108","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2082108","url":null,"abstract":"We test the Fama-French three-factor model for a large international data set using an alternative proxy for expected returns - the implied cost of capital (ICC). The implied risk premiums of the three factors are all highly significant. Also, the cross-country variation of each of the three factor risk premiums is much smaller compared to their counterparts based on realized returns. For all countries, we find the cross-sectional variation in expected stock returns not only to depend on the stock’s market risk but also to be driven by its exposure toward the implied size and value factors. Moreover, even though portfolio intercepts for the three-factor model display significant alphas, they are very small from an economic perspective. We conclude that the Fama-French three-factor model is an appropriate asset pricing model using this alternative proxy for expected returns.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132043917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Market Inefficiency and Implied Cost of Capital Models","authors":"T. Rusticus","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1933713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1933713","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I examine the impact of market inefficiency on the properties of implied cost of capital (ICC) estimates. I show that market inefficiency will bias the relation between the ICC estimate and future returns upwards. Utilizing recently developed ICC estimates formed using regression based earnings forecasts, I show that a substantial portion of the returns to an ICC trading strategy stem from mispricing rather than expected returns. The biases induced by mispricing are most severe for firms with significant limits to arbitrage and less severe for firms that are larger, more liquid, and have lower transaction costs, and for ICC estimates based on adjusted analyst forecasts. In addition, I find that controlling for earnings and discount rate news is not an effective control for mispricing, but that controlling for earnings announcement news is.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133043337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Specification Testing in Structural Nonparametric Cointegration","authors":"Chaohua Dong, Jiti Gao","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.2379928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.2379928","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes two simple and new specification tests based on the use of an orthogonal series for a considerable class of cointegrated time series models with endogeneity and nonsta-tionarity. The paper then establishes an asymptotic theory for each of the proposed tests. The first test is initially proposed for the case where the regression function involved is integrable, which fills a gap in the literature, and the second test is an extended version of the first test for covering a class of non-integrable functions. Endogeneity in two general forms is allowed in the models to be tested. A potential global departure in the alternative hypothesis, which is being overlooked by the literature, is investigated. The finite sample performance of the proposed tests is examined through using several simulated examples. Meanwhile, the second test is naturally applicable to the case where there is a type of endogeneity inherited in the relationship between the United States aggregate consumers' consumption expenditure and disposable income over the period of 1960-2009. Our experience generally shows that the proposed tests are easily implementable and also have stable sizes and good power properties even when the 'distance' between the null hypothesis and a sequence of local alternatives is asymptotically negligible.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130285085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CEO Equity Incentives and Audit Fees","authors":"Yongtae Kim, Haidan Li, Siqi Li","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2378477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2378477","url":null,"abstract":"This study examines whether CEO equity incentives have an impact on audit pricing. Prior studies investigate whether CEO equity incentives motivate executives to manage earnings for personal financial gains. Our focus is on whether auditors perceive CEO equity incentives to be associated with greater earnings manipulation risk and incorporate such risk in their pricing decisions. We find that CEO equity portfolio vega is positively related to audit fees after controlling for other determinants of audit fees, while equity portfolio delta is not significantly related to audit fees. This result holds after we account for potential endogeneity. The evidence suggests that auditors are concerned about CEOs’ incentives to manage earnings because equity holdings tie CEOs’ wealth to risk and cause CEOs to be less risk-averse. The findings in our study improve our understanding of how executive compensation affects auditors’ pricing decisions.","PeriodicalId":202880,"journal":{"name":"Research Methods & Methodology in Accounting eJournal","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117147900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}