Revue Paralia最新文献

{"title":"La bioréceptivité de matériaux cimentaires dans l’eau de mer : mécanismes, facteurs agissants et conséquences","authors":"Mahmoud Hayek, M. Salgues, F. Habouzit, S. Bayle, Jean-Claude Souche, Klartjee De Weerdt, Sylvain Pioch","doi":"10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n03","url":null,"abstract":"Le beton est un materiau composite complexe, dont les differents composants lui permettent de s’adapter a des usages tres differents grâce a ses caracteristiques physicochimiques adaptables a des cahiers des charges tres varies. Ses performances mecaniques, sa durabilite exceptionnelle et son cout modere justifient l’utilisation large de ce materiau dans la construction des ouvrages maritimes. Immerge dans l’environnement marin, le beton est susceptible d’etre colonise par les differents organismes marins qui se regroupent ensemble sur la surface sous leur forme sessile nommee biofilm/biofouling. Cette colonisation forme le point de depart de differentes interactions biologiques pouvant avoir lieu entre le materiau et son environnement marin (biodeterioration/bioprotection). Le cycle et la vitesse de colonisation vont dependre des conditions environnementales comme de la nature du substrat (composition, proprietes physico-chimiques du support…) ainsi que des proprietes de microorganismes concernes. Dans le but d’etudier la bioreceptivite du beton dans l’environnement marin, cet article se focalise successivement sur les parametres du milieu marin qui influent sur sa colonisation et sur les organismes concernes. Les caracteristiques intrinseques du beton qui sont susceptibles d’influencer la bioreceptivite et les mecanismes conduisant a la formation du biofilm et a la biocolonisation des betons sont decrits. Enfin, le sujet de l’effet positif (bioprotection) ou negatif (biodeterioration) des organismes vivants sur le beton est evoque. Bioreceptivity of cementitious materials in seawater: mechanisms, acting factors and consequences Abstract: Concrete is a complex composite material; whose different components allow it to adapt to very different uses due to its physicochemical characteristics adaptable to very varied conditions. Its mechanical performance, exceptional durability and moderate cost explain the wide use of this material in the construction of marine structures. Submerged in the marine environment, the concrete will be colonized by various marine organisms that gather together on the surface in their sessile form called biofilm/biofouling. This colonization is the starting point for different biological interactions that may occur between the material and its marine environment (biodeterioration/bioprotection). The cycle and the rate of colonization will depend on environmental conditions such as the nature of the substrate (composition, physicochemical properties of the support, etc.) as well as the properties of the concerned microorganisms. In order to study the bioreceptivity of concrete in the marine environment, this paper focuses successively on the characteristics of the marine environment that affect the colonization of the concrete and the concerned organisms. Then, the intrinsic parameters of concrete that can influence bioreceptivity are listed and described. The same goes for the mechanisms leading to the biofilm formation ","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"172 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123721998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Intertidal sedimentary dynamics in Mont-Saint-Michel bay, a study of its natural evolution and man-made modifications","authors":"C. Bonnot-Courtois","doi":"10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n02","url":null,"abstract":"Due to its exceptional tidal range and the immensity of its intertidal zones, Mont-Saint-Michel is a favored model for research on coastal hydro-sedimentary processes, present-day sedimentary dynamics and the reconstruction of coastal paleo-environments. The purpose of this article is to analyze the erosion/sedimentation processes which govern the sedimentary dynamics and the recent evolution of the characteristic sedimentary environments of the bay. The western bay head is made up of tidal sand and silt deposits, where the extent of the surface sediment reworking is less than 10 cm and linked to the nature of the substrate and the wind direction. Added to these tidal dynamics are the dynamics of the swell, which set coarse bioclastic sands in motion as the waves wash away the shore. These sands migrate on the tidal flat at rates of several dozen m/year and accumulate on the upper tidal flat, forming a relatively stable non-continuous coastal barrier of large shell banks. The eastern part of the bay is an estuarine zone, where the morpho-dynamics of the sandy tidal flat are constrained by shifting channels. Studies of the interaction between vegetation and sedimentation around Mont-Saint-Michel show sedimentary accretion rates varying from 0.2 to 10 cm/year, depending on the morpho-dynamic context of the salt marsh front. The volume of sediment deposited by the tide leads to cyclical deposition of calcareous muds followed by the steady advance of salt marshes at a rate of about 17 ha/year between La Chapelle Sainte-Anne and the Roche Torin point. The bay has filled for thousands of years to the rhythm of sea level oscillations, leading to the gradual infilling of the Dol marsh and the advance of the shoreline. In addition to this natural evolution, human activities have developed in the bay, both on the western tidal flat (fixed fisheries and shellfish farming) and on the eastern estuarine side (polder formation, construction of dikes and a dam) and have altered the landscapes, the historical evolution of which was reconstructed from old documents.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129067983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"L’écoconception maritime : une révolution pour les maitres d’ouvrages","authors":"M. Salgues, Sylvain Pioch, Jean-Claude Souche, Klaartje De Weerdt","doi":"10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/revue-paralia.2020.n01","url":null,"abstract":"Aujourd’hui, les evolutions technologiques pour preserver l’ecosysteme planetaire ne sont pas a la hauteur des enjeux, malgre la prise de conscience reelle des amenageurs publics et prives qui elaborent des projets plus respectueux de l’environnement, dans une optique de developpement durable. L’une des voies d’amelioration est l’ecoconception des projets de genie civil maritime qui permet de relier l’ouvrage et ses materiaux constitutifs a l’ecosysteme environnant. Elle favorise l’integration des ouvrages aux ecosystemes pour developper la biodiversite, dans un projet inscrit sur un territoire au capital naturel a gerer et a preserver. Les exigences de resistance et de durabilite doivent etre enrichies de gains environnementaux, qualifiables et quantifiables par les politiques publiques. Dans cette demarche, la triple relation ecosysteme – ouvrages – materiaux des ouvrages est un parametre cle a considerer. Le couplage entre l’approche performantielle de formulation des betons et une methodologie d’ecoconception serait une reponse innovante et systemique a la problematique.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126352491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamique sédimentaire de la zone côtière de Port-Bouët, Côte d’Ivoire","authors":"Jacques André Tiemele, J. Kassi, J. M. Kouadio","doi":"10.5150/revue-paralia.2019.n03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/revue-paralia.2019.n03","url":null,"abstract":"Le suivi morpho-sedimentaire des cotes, effectue, a travers des mesures de leves topographiques au DGPS a haute resolution spatiale (5 cm de precision) a permis d’identifier 7 profils de plage et de quantifier les changements morphologiques sur cette plage entre octobre 2014 et fevrier 2016. Les profils de plage ont ete identifies a partir du profil topographique de la premiere mission de terrain (29 decembre 2014). Il s’en est suivi une interpolation de lignes 3D sur les modeles surfaciques (TIN), calcules a partir du logiciel ARCGIS 10.2.2. Les evolutions sedimentaires enregistrees sur ces profils ont montre un equilibre sedimentaire dans le secteur du Phare (±16000 m 3 ), suivi de sediments engraisses entre le Phare et l’Aeroport (compris entre +3350 et +48880 m 3 ), dont certaines quantites ont ete erodees entre la localite de Derriere Wharf et l’Aeroport (-1050 m 3 ). Ces evolutions traduisent l’instabilite du trait de cote et confirment le sens du transit sedimentaire de la derive littorale de l’ouest vers l’est de la cote. Les quantites erodees pourraient s’expliquer par le piegeage des sediments dans la baie de Port-Bouet du aux effets conjugues des protections du canal de Vridi et du Trou-sans-fond qui entaillent l’avant-cote.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"113 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115592006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modeling the hydrodynamic functioning of the mouth of the Bandama River, Grand-Lahou, Côte d'Ivoire","authors":"K. Kouassi, K. Konan, Martin Sanchez, Kouamé Aka","doi":"10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2019.N02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2019.N02","url":null,"abstract":"Coastal erosion is a real threat on the Ivorian coast and particularly at the mouth of the Bandama River. Hydrosedimentary dynamics led to the relocation of the city of Grand-Lahou to the northern part of this region in the 1970s. Erosion not only modifies the coastline but also causes migration from the mouth of the Bandama River, destroying homes and plantations. This study, based on a 2D hydrodynamic model, using Mike 21 HD software, reconstructed the flow in the Grand-Lahou estuary. The strongest currents are located at the mouth and particularly in the pass. During low water periods, flow currents reach 1.4 m/s in the channel, while during high water periods, high flows tend to block flow currents and intensify ebb currents. Current velocities reach 1.8 m/s in the pass during ebb and are reduced to 0.35 m/s in the flow.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115426515","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"De la conception à l’éco-conception des ouvrages maritimes : intégrer la nature au projet d’aménagement maritime","authors":"Jean-Claude Souche, Sylvain Pioch, M. Salgues, Klaartje De Weerdt, Alexandra Agostini, Mahmoud Hayek","doi":"10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2019.N01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2019.N01","url":null,"abstract":"L'activite humaine sur le littoral a un impact majeur sur l'environnement et sur la biodiversite sous-marine. La demarche d'eco-conception permet d'integrer les objectifs environnementaux a la conception structurelle des ouvrages qui sont aptes a remplir leurs fonctions techniques et une fonction environnementale de support de la biodiversite. L'eco-conception des ouvrages est une approche globale et systemique qui est initiee par le client au moment du programme et qui se poursuit lors de la conception puis jusqu'a la phase d'execution. A la demande de l’Office Environnemental de la Corse, cette methodologie a ete appliquee au projet experimental de recifs artificiels et de corps morts du Ricantu dans la baie d’Ajaccio. Les ouvrages immerges ont pour but de proposer des habitats destines aux especes cibles a forte valeur ajoutee pour la peche. Cet article decrit la demarche suivie pour eco-concevoir les ouvrages a construire 1) methodologie suivie, 2) essais preliminaires en laboratoire pour evaluer les parametres prioritaires, 3) realisation d’ouvrages a l’echelle 1. La relation ecosysteme-ouvrage, le design des formes et des materiaux ont ete investigues avec des objectifs de bio-mimetisme affirmes. Le suivi scientifique des ouvrages experimentaux depuis pres de 2 ans offre un retour d’experience concret indispensable a la consolidation de la methodologie a adopter dans le but de concevoir des ouvrages eco-concus durables.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131529740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Formation, evolution and characteristics of karstic estuaries - the Adriatic example","authors":"Igor Felja, M. Juračić","doi":"10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.S02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.S02","url":null,"abstract":"The coastal area of the eastern Adriatic is characterized by a prevalence of carbonate rocks and well-developed karst. Present freshwater input into the Adriatic is quite large, mostly through coastal and submarine springs (vruljas). However, there are also a number of rivers debouching in the Adriatic along the eastern coast. Most of them have canyon like fluviokarstic valleys that were carved dominantly during Pleistocene and were drowned during post-Last Glacial Maximum sea-level rise. This caused formation of estuaries which were gradually filled to a different extent during Holocene highstand (last 7.500 years). The intraestuarine delta progradation was rather different in those estuaries depending on the quantity of the river-borne material. Human impact on progradation rate in some of the estuaries has been shown. Formation, evolution et caracteristiques des estuaires karstiques - Exemple de l’Adriatique Resume : La zone cotiere de l'Adriatique orientale est caracterisee par une predominance de roches carbonatees et de karst bien developpe. Les apports actuels d'eau douce dans l'Adriatique sont assez importants, principalement a travers les sources cotieres et sous-marines (vruljas). Cependant, il y a aussi un certain nombre de rivieres qui debouchent dans l'Adriatique le long de la cote orientale. La plupart d'entre elles ont des vallees fluvio-karstiques qui ont ete sculptees de facon dominante au cours du Pleistocene et ont ete noyees pendant l'elevation maximale du niveau de la mer apres le dernier episode glaciaire. Cela a provoque la formation d'estuaires qui ont ete progressivement remplis a un degre different au cours de l'Holocene (ces 7.500 dernieres annees). La progradation du delta intra-estuarien etait plutot differente dans les estuaires en fonction de la quantite de materiel vehicule par la riviere. L'impact humain sur le taux de progradation dans certains des estuaires a ete demontre. Mots cles : Estuaires ; Sedimentation ; Delta intra-estuarien ; Progradation ; Riviere allogenique ; Influence anthropique.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123118036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seaports and climate change - Impacts and adaptation options","authors":"B. Koppe","doi":"10.5150/revue-paralia.2018.s03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/revue-paralia.2018.s03","url":null,"abstract":"Due to their location at the intersection between sea and land, marine facilities are most vulnerable to various climate change impacts, but restrictions for the management of climate change challenges are evident like differences in planning horizons and lack of relevant information. As a basis for climate change adapted processes in port planning and operation a matrix containing possible climate change impacts and possibly affected port assets is presented. Furthermore, steps of a vulnerability analysis of seaports against climate change effects are described and the sensitivity of specific port assets to climate change effects as well as possible adaptation measures are exemplified. Ports maritimes et changement climatique - Impacts et mesures d'adaptation Resume : En raison de leur emplacement a l'interface entre mer et terre, les installations marines sont les plus vulnerables aux divers impacts lies au changement climatique, mais les limites dans la gestion des defis climatiques sont evidentes comme les differences dans la planification a long terme et le manque d'informations pertinentes. Comme element de reference pour les processus adaptes aux changements climatiques dans la planification et l'exploitation des ports, une matrice presentant les impacts possibles du changement climatique et les eventuels biens portuaires affectes est presentee. En outre, les etapes d'une analyse de la vulnerabilite des ports maritimes contre les effets du changement climatique sont decrites et la sensibilite des biens portuaires specifiques aux effets du changement climatique ainsi que les mesures d'adaptation possibles sont illustrees. Mots cles : Changement climatique ; Vulnerabilite ; Exposition ; Sensibilite ; Capacite d'adaptation ; Mesures d'adaptation ; Ingenierie portuaire ; Structures maritimes.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"29 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122872598","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Storms impacts on a sandy beach including seasonal recovery: alongshore variability and management influences","authors":"M. Biausque, N. Sénéchal","doi":"10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.N02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.N02","url":null,"abstract":"Despite a global context of shoreline retreat, coastal areas and in particular sandy coasts are increasingly attractive. To handle the problem of coastline retreat different management strategies are deployed and among them soft methods as windbreakers or hard ones as seawalls. But all those methods are known to interfere in the natural evolution of the beach/dune systems at different timescales. To underline potential influences of management strategies on erosion and recovery periods, high frequency DGPS surveys coupled with video images are recorded at a workshop-site exhibiting various management strategies, Biscarrosse beach (SW of France) from November 2015 until September 2016. Results for the winter 2016 highlight a global erosion of the beach associated to a dune foot retreat and an alongshore variability in the beach response to events. The same patterns can be observed during the seasonal recovery period (April to August), in particular a lag in the berm reconstruction in front of the seawall. The LVI (Longshore Variation Index) reflects possible sediment processes taking place between the different sections of the beach: while recovery seems to be dominated by cross-shore exchanges in the unmanaged section, longshore sediment processes seem to be the origin of the recovery in the managed section.  This variability could be linked to a permanent rip current visible (98% of observation) in front of the seawall that could cause an offshore sediment export explaining both the lag in term of recovery timescale and the different sediment processes involved during the recovery period. During the erosion season, sediment exchanges between the beach and the dune are limited due to the presence of seawalls and beach erosion and dune retreat in the two ends on the wall accelerated.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129066308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Conception des extensions urbaines en mer - Spécificités et défis","authors":"P. Aristaghes","doi":"10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.S01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5150/REVUE-PARALIA.2018.S01","url":null,"abstract":"Le present article evoque les specificites de la conception de ce type d’ouvrage par rapport a des ouvrages portuaires classiques. Elles sont principalement liees a la recherche systematique d’ouvrages aussi proches que possible de la mer par beau temps, tout en en assurant confort et securite acceptables par tempete. Ceci entraine d’une part a rechercher des solutions aussi peu encombrantes ou visibles que possible pour reduire les franchissements, et d’autre part a traiter les problemes lies a des structures basses exposees a la houle, problemes que l’on cherche en general a eviter. Design of urban extensions at sea. Specificities and challenges Abstract: The design of offshore urban extensions presents specificities compared to port structures design. In particular, the search for minimal overall height for architectural and urbanistic reasons leads to new solutions for overtopping management, which in turn lead to new types of structural problems. Key words: Coastal Engineering; Maritime hydraulics; Maritime works; Littoral environment; Breakwater; Overtopping.","PeriodicalId":202784,"journal":{"name":"Revue Paralia","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130437075","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}