Plant Signaling & Behavior最新文献

{"title":"Genome-wide identification and expression pattern analysis of the TCP transcription factor family in <i>Ginkgo biloba</i>.","authors":"Li Yu,&nbsp;Qiangwen Chen,&nbsp;Jiarui Zheng,&nbsp;Feng Xu,&nbsp;Jiabao Ye,&nbsp;Weiwei Zhang,&nbsp;Yongling Liao,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Yang","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2021.1994248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2021.1994248","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Plant-specific TCP transcription factors play an essential role in plant growth and development. They can regulate leaf curvature, flower symmetry and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The flavonoids in <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> leaf are one of the main medicinally bioactivate compounds, which have pharmacological and beneficial health effects for humans. In this study, a total of 13 <i>TCP</i> genes were identified in <i>G. biloba</i>, and 5 of them belonged to PCF subclades (<i>GbTCP03, GbTCP07, GbTCP05, GbTCP13, GbTCP02</i>) while others belonged to CIN (<i>GbTCP01, GbTCP04, GbTCP06, GbTCP08, GbTCP09, GbTCP10, GbTCP11, GbTCP12</i>) subclades according to phylogenetic analysis. Numerous <i>cis</i>-acting elements related to various biotic and abiotic signals were predicted on the promoters by <i>cis</i>-element analysis, suggesting that the expression of <i>GbTCPs</i> might be co-regulated by multiple signals. Transcript abundance analysis exhibited that most of <i>GbTCPs</i> responded to multiple phytohormones. Among them, the relative expression levels of <i>GbTCP06, GbTCP11</i>, and <i>GbTCP13</i> were found to be significantly influenced by exogenous ABA, SA and MeJA application. In addition, a total of 126 miRNAs were predicted to target 9 <i>TCPs</i> (including <i>GbTCP01, GbTCP02, GbTCP04, GbTCP05, GbTCP06, GbTCP08, GbTCP11, GbTCP12, GbTCP13</i>). The correlation analysis between the expression level of <i>GbTCPs</i> and the flavonoid contents showed that <i>GbTCP03, GbTCP04, GbTCP07</i> might involve in flavonoid biosynthesis in <i>G. biloba</i>. In short, this study mainly provided a theoretical foundation for better understanding the potential function of <i>TCPs</i> in <i>G. biloba</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"1994248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/3c/7f/KPSB_17_1994248.PMC9176236.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39728157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Characterization of <i>PsmiR319</i> during flower development in early- and late-flowering tree peonies cultivars.","authors":"Chenjie Zhang,&nbsp;Jiajia Shen,&nbsp;Can Wang,&nbsp;Zhanying Wang,&nbsp;Lili Guo,&nbsp;Xiaogai Hou","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2120303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2120303","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The flowering period is the most important ornamental trait of tree peony, while industrial development of tree peony has been limited by short flowering period. miR319 plays an important regulatory role in plant flowering. In the current study, the expression characteristics and evolution of <i>PsmiR319</i> in tree peony flowering was explored using 'Feng Dan' and 'Lian He', which are early-flowering and late-flowering varieties of tree peony, respectively. The structure, evolution, and target(s) of <i>PsmiR319</i> were analyzed by bioinformatics. Evolution analysis showed that pre-<i>PsmiR319</i> was distributed in 41 plant species, among which the length of the precursor sequence exhibited marked differences (between 52 and 308 bp). Pre-<i>PsmiR319</i> of tree peony was located close to the corresponding sequences of <i>Linum usitatissimum</i> and <i>Picea abies</i> in the phylogenetic tree, and in addition, could form a typical hairpin structure including a mature body with a length of 20 bp located on the 3p arm and part of the loop sequence. The mature sequence of miR319 was highly conserved among different species. Target genes of <i>PsmiR319</i> include MYB-related transcription factor in tree peony. Expression of <i>PsmiR319</i>, assayed by qRT-PCR, differed between 'Feng Dan' and 'Lian He' during different flower development periods. <i>PsmiR319</i> and its target gene showed a negative expression regulation relationship during the periods of CE (color exposure), BS (blooming stage), IF (initial flowering), and HO (half opening) in the early-flowering 'Feng Dan', and the same in FB (Full blooming) periods of late-flowering 'Lian He'. Findings from this study provide a reference for further investigation into the mechanism of miR319 in the development of different varieties of tree peony.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2120303"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9542857/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33491313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison analysis of metabolite profiling in seeds and bark of <i>Ulmus parvifolia</i>, a Chinese medicine species.","authors":"MingLong Yin,&nbsp;ChuanRong Li,&nbsp;YuShan Wang,&nbsp;JunHui Fu,&nbsp;YangYang Sun,&nbsp;Qian Zhang","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2138041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2138041","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Ulmus parvifolia</i> (<i>U. parvifolia</i>) is a Chinese medicine plant whose bark and leaves are used in the treatment of some diseases such as inflammation, diarrhea and fever. However, metabolic signatures of seeds have not been studied. The seeds and bark of <i>U. parvifolia</i> collected at the seed ripening stage were used for metabolite profiling analysis through the untargeted metabolomics approach. A total of 2,578 and 2,207 metabolites, while 503 and 132 unique metabolites were identified in seeds and bark, respectively. Additionally, 574 differential metabolites (DEMs) were detected in the two different organs of <i>U. parvifolia</i>, which were grouped into 52 classes. Most kinds of metabolites classed into prenol lipids class. The relative content of flavonoids class was the highest. DEMs contained some bioactive compounds (e.g., flavonoids, terpene glycosides, triterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids) with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activities. Most kinds of flavonoids and sesquiterpenes were up-regulated in seeds. There were more varieties of terpene glycosides and triterpenoids showing up-regulated in bark. The pathway enrichment was performed, while flavonoid biosynthesis, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis were worthy of attention. This study identified DEMs with pharmaceutical value between seeds and bark during seed maturation and offered a molecular basis for alternative or complementary use of seeds and bark of <i>U. parvifolia</i> as a Chinese medicinal material.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":"17 1","pages":"2138041"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9629078/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10412773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"From dark to darkness, negative phototropism influences the support-tree location of the massive woody climber <i>Hydrangea serratifolia</i> (Hydrangeaceae) in a Chilean temperate rainforest.","authors":"W David Rodriguez-Quintero, María Moreno-Chacón, Fernando Carrasco-Urra, Alfredo Saldaña","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2122244","DOIUrl":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2122244","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Climbing plants rely on suitable support to provide the light conditions they require in the canopy. Negative phototropism is a directional search behavior proposed to detect a support-tree, which indicates growth or movement away from light, based on light attenuation. In a Chilean temperate rainforest, we addressed whether the massive woody climber <i>Hydrangea serratifolia</i> (H. et A.) F. Phil (Hydrangeaceae) presents a support-tree location pattern influenced by light availability. We analyzed direction and light received in two groups of juvenile shoots: searching shoots (SS), with plagiotropic (creeping) growth vs. ascending shoots (AS), with orthotropic growth. We found that, in accordance with light attenuation, SS and AS used directional orientation to search and then ascend host trees. The light available to <i>H. serratifolia</i> searching shoots was less than that of the general forest understory; the directional orientation in both groups showed a significant deviation from a random distribution, with no circular statistical difference between them. Circular-linear regression indicated a relationship between directional orientations and light availability. Negative phototropism encodes the light environment's heterogeneous spatial and temporal information, guiding the shoot apex to the most shaded part of the support-tree base, the climbing start point.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":"17 1","pages":"2122244"},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9733698/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10427191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"CPL2 and CPL3 act redundantly in <i>FLC</i> activation and flowering time regulation in <i>Arabidopsis</i>.","authors":"Yu Zhang,&nbsp;Lisha Shen","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2026614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2026614","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Reproductive success of plants greatly depends on the proper timing of the floral transition, which is precisely controlled by a complex genetic network. <i>FLOWERING LOCUS C</i> (<i>FLC</i>), a central floral repressor, is transcriptionally activated by the FRIGIDA (FRI) activator complex including FLC EXPRESSOR (FLX) and FLX-LIKE 4 (FLX4). C-TERMINAL DOMAIN PHOSPHATASE-LIKE 3 (CPL3) forms a protein complex with FLX and FLX4 to mediate the dephosphorylation of FLX4, thereby promoting <i>FLC</i> expression to repress flowering in both winter and summer annuals. Here, we show that CPL2 acts redundantly with CPL3 to mediate <i>FLC</i> activation and flowering time. Similar to CPL3, CPL2 inhibits the floral transition, and is required for basal <i>FLC</i> expression in summer annuals and <i>FLC</i> activation in winter annuals. CPL2 directly interacts with FLX which further bridges the interaction between CPL2 and FLX4. Our results suggest that CPL2 and CPL3 function redundantly in regulating <i>FLC</i> expression to prevent precocious flowering.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":"17 1","pages":"2026614"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9176254/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10838083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physiological and comparative transcriptome analysis of the response and adaptation mechanism of the photosynthetic function of mulberry (<i>Morus alba</i> L.) leaves to flooding stress.","authors":"Quan Su,&nbsp;Zhiyu Sun,&nbsp;Yuting Liu,&nbsp;Jiawei Lei,&nbsp;Wenxu Zhu,&nbsp;Liao Nanyan","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2094619","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2094619","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Flooding has become one of the major abiotic stresses that seriously affects plant growth and development owing to changes in the global precipitation pattern. Mulberry (&lt;i&gt;Morus alba&lt;/i&gt; L.) is a desirable tree spePhysocarpus amurensis Maxim andcies with high ecological and economic benefits. To reveal the response and adaptive mechanisms of the photosynthetic functions of mulberry leaves to flooding stress, chlorophyll synthesis, photosynthetic electron transfer and the Calvin cycle were investigated by physiological studies combined with an analysis of the transcriptome. Flooding stress inhibited the synthesis of chlorophyll (Chl) and decreased its content in mulberry leaves. The sensitivity of Chl &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt; to flooding stress was higher than that of Chl &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; owing to the changes of &lt;i&gt;CHLG&lt;/i&gt; (LOC21385082) and &lt;i&gt;CAO&lt;/i&gt; (LOC21408165) that encode genes during chlorophyll synthesis. The levels of expression of Chl &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; reductase &lt;i&gt;NYC&lt;/i&gt; (LOC112094996) and &lt;i&gt;NYC&lt;/i&gt; (LOC21385774), which are involved in Chl &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; degradation, were upregulated on the fifteenth day of flooding, which accelerated the transformation of Chl &lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt; to Chl &lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;, and upregulated the expression of &lt;i&gt;PPH&lt;/i&gt; (LOC21385040) and &lt;i&gt;PAO&lt;/i&gt; (LOC21395013). This accelerated the degradation of chlorophyll. Flooding stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic function of mulberry leaves. A Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes under different days of flooding stress indicated significant enrichment in Photosynthesis-antenna proteins (map00196), Photosynthesis (map00195) and Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms (map00710). On the fifth day of flooding, 7 and 5 genes that encode antenna proteins were identified on LHCII and LHCI, respectively. They were significantly downregulated, and the degree of downregulation increased as the trees were flooded longer. Therefore, the power of the leaves to capture solar energy and transfer this energy to the reaction center was reduced. The chlorophyll fluorescence parameters and related changes in the expression of genes in the transcriptome indicated that the PSII and PSI of mulberry leaves were damaged, and their activities decreased under flooding stress. On the fifth day of flooding, electron transfer on the PSII acceptor side of mulberry leaves was blocked, and the oxygen-evolving complex (OEC) on the donor side was damaged. On the tenth day of flooding, the thylakoid membranes of mulberry leaves were damaged. Five of the six coding genes that mapped to the OEC were significantly downregulated. Simultaneously, other coding genes located at the PSII reaction center and those located at the PSI reaction center, including Cytb6/f, PC, Fd, FNR and ATP, were also significantly downregulated. In addition, the gas exchange parameters (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;G&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;s&lt;/sub&gt;, &lt;i&gt;T&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;r&lt;/sub&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;C&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;i&lt;/sub&gt;) of the leaves dec","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2094619"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9255227/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"40562037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"XopZ and ORP1C cooperate to regulate the virulence of <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> on Nipponbare.","authors":"Hongtao Ji,&nbsp;Taoran Li,&nbsp;Xiaochen Li,&nbsp;Jiangyu Li,&nbsp;Jiayi Yu,&nbsp;Xin Zhang,&nbsp;Delong Liu","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2035126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2035126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Bacterial leaf blight caused by <i>Xanthomonas oryzae</i> pv. <i>oryzae</i> (<i>Xoo</i>) has always been considered to be one of the most severe worldwide diseases in rice. <i>Xoo</i> strains usually use the highly conserved type III secretion system (T3SS) to deliver virulence effectors into rice cells and further suppress the host's immunity. Previous studies reported that different <i>Xanthomonas</i> outer protein (Xop) effectors include XopZ from one strain appear to share functional redundancies on suppressing rice PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI). But only <i>xopZ</i>, except other <i>xop</i> genes, could significantly impaire <i>Xoo</i> virulence when individually deleting in PXO99 strains. Thus, the XopZ effector should not only suppress rice PTI pathway, but also has other unknown indispensable pathological functions in PXO99-rice interactions. Here, we also found that ∆<i>xopZ</i> mutant strains displayed lower virulence on Nipponbare leaves compared with PXO99 strains. We identified an oxysterol-binding related protein, ORP1C, as a XopZ-interacting protein in rice. Further studies found that rice ORP1C preliminarily played a positive role in regulating the resistance to PXO99 strains, and XopZ-ORP1C interactions cooperated to regulate the compatible interactions of PXO99-Nipponbare rice. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and PTI marker gene expression data indicated that ORP1C were not directly relevant to the PTI pathway in rice. The deeper mechanisms underlying XopZ-ORP1C interaction and how XopZ and ORP1C cooperate for regulating the PXO99-rice interactions require further exploration.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2035126"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8959505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39647479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dynamics of germination stimulants dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide in the root exudates and extracts of sunflower.","authors":"Wenlong Wu,&nbsp;Hongjuan Huang,&nbsp;Jietian Su,&nbsp;Xiaopeng Yun,&nbsp;Yixiao Zhang,&nbsp;Shouhui Wei,&nbsp;Zhaofeng Huang,&nbsp;Chaoxian Zhang,&nbsp;Quanjiang Bai","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2025669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2025669","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Orobanche cumana</i> Wallr. (<i>Orobanche cernua</i> Loefl.) causes severe yield losses of confectionary sunflower in China. While germination of <i>O. cumana</i> is stimulated by sesquiterpene lactones (STLs) from host sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.). Dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide isolated from sunflower root exudates are known as STLs to specifically induce <i>O. cumana</i> germination. Two major confectionary sunflower cultivars, SH363 (highly susceptible to <i>O. cumana</i>) and TH33 (resistant to <i>O. cumana</i>), were planted in China. However, STLs in these two sunflower cultivars has remained unknown. To identify STLs from root and exudates of sunflower for better understanding the role of stimulants in parasitic interaction of sunflower and <i>O. cumana</i>, we tested dehydrocostus lactone (DCL) and costunolide (CL) in root and root exudates of susceptible and resistant sunflower cultivars. The stimulant activity of sunflower root exudate and root extract to germination of <i>O. cumana</i> were also determined. Dehydrocostus lactone and costunolide were identified through ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). Both DCL and CL were found in root extracts and root exudates in the whole tested time point from two sunflower cultivars. The concentration of dehydrocostus lactone was higher than that of costunolide at the same tested growth stage of each sunflower cultivar. It was observed that higher quantity of dehydrocostus lactone in susceptible cultivar than resistant cultivar of root and root exudates at later tested developmental stages. However, the amount of CL was no significant difference between SH363 and TH33 at all tested stages. The release amount of DCL from susceptible cultivar is 3.7 folds that of resistant cultivar at 28 DAT. These findings suggested that DCL was the one of the major signal compound in these two sunflower cultivars, and lower dehydrocostus lactone might contribute to the resistance of sunflower TH33 to <i>O. cumana</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2025669"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9176219/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39721857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation and identification of beneficial orchid mycorrhizal fungi in <i>Paphiopedilum barbigerum</i> (<i>Orchidaceae</i>).","authors":"Fan Tian,&nbsp;Xiao-Feng Liao,&nbsp;Lian-Hui Wang,&nbsp;Xin-Xiang Bai,&nbsp;Yan-Bin Yang,&nbsp;Zai-Qi Luo,&nbsp;Feng-Xia Yan","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2021.2005882","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2021.2005882","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Seed germination and seedling development in nearly all orchid species rely on a symbiotic relationship with mycorrhizal fungi; however, this is not the case with all mycorrhizal fungi. This study aims to provide an understanding about the important role of mycorrhiza in seed germination and growth of <i>Paphiopedilum barbigerum</i>. Therefore, we isolated and identified endophytic fungi from the roots of wild <i>P. barbigerum</i>. The beneficial mycorrhizal fungi <i>Epulorhiza</i> sp. FQXY019 and <i>Tulasnella calospora</i> FQXY017 were screened by seed symbiotic germination tests and found to promote seed germination. However, only the seeds inoculated with FQXY019 progressed from the seed germination to rooting stage. This shows that mycorrhizal fungi and <i>P. barbigerum</i> have a specific relation at different growth phases. In addition, we selected FQXY019 and inoculated it into MS medium, B5 medium, OMA medium, and PDA medium. The results showed that FQXY019 co-cultured on PDA significantly promoted the increase in seedling fresh weight, leaf length, and root length (<i>p</i> < .01). Furthermore, it significantly promoted the root number and leaf number of seedlings compared with those co-cultured on MS, B5, and OMA media and control (<i>p</i> < .05). Thus, this study demonstrated the promoting effect of <i>Epulorhiza</i> sp. FQXY019 on seed germination and seedling development, making it an alternative method for the artificial propagation of <i>P. barbigerum.</i></p>","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2005882"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/15/3b/KPSB_17_2005882.PMC8920121.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39729947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modulation of GCN2 activity under excess light stress by osmoprotectants and amino acids.","authors":"Ansul Lokdarshi,&nbsp;Albrecht G von Arnim,&nbsp;Teressa K Akuoko","doi":"10.1080/15592324.2022.2115747","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/15592324.2022.2115747","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The protein kinase GCN2 (General Control Nonderepressible2) and its phosphorylation target, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF)2α represent the core module of the plant’s integrated stress response, a signaling pathway widely conserved in eukaryotes that can rapidly regulate translation in response to stressful conditions. Recent findings indicate that the Arabidopsis thaliana GCN2 protein operates under the command of reactive oxygen species (ROS) emanating from the chloroplast under a variety of abiotic stresses such as excess light. To get deeper insights into the mechanism of GCN2 activation under excess light, we assessed the role of amino acids in view of the classic function of GCN2 as a sensor of amino acid status. Additionally, given that osmoprotectants can counteract ROS-related stresses, we tested their ability to mitigate GCN2 activity. Our results demonstrate that certain amino acids and osmoprotectants attenuate eIF2α-phosphorylation under excess light stress to some degree. Future investigations into the biochemical mechanisms of these natural compounds on GCN2 signaling activity will provide better insights into the GCN2-eIF2α regulation.","PeriodicalId":20232,"journal":{"name":"Plant Signaling & Behavior","volume":" ","pages":"2115747"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2022-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9481134/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"33461930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}