Green Chemistry Series最新文献_第4页

CHAPTER 8. Mechanochemical Synthesis of Biologically Relevant Heterocycles 第八章。生物相关杂环的机械化学合成

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00175

M. Leonardi, M. Villacampa, J. Menéndez

引用次数: 3

CHAPTER 1. Sustainability of Green Synthetic Processes and Procedures 第1章。绿色合成过程和程序的可持续性

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00001

I. Horváth, Edit Cséfalvay

{"title":"CHAPTER 1. Sustainability of Green Synthetic Processes and Procedures","authors":"I. Horváth, Edit Cséfalvay","doi":"10.1039/9781788016131-00001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016131-00001","url":null,"abstract":"Although the ecological footprint was perhaps the first green metric, the atom economy and E-factor have become the key metrics of green chemistry by providing the mass balance of chemical reactions and processes at the molecular level. Sustainability was poorly defined originally, since the key requisite to accurately forecast the needs of future generations remains difficult to pinpoint. Consequently, sustainability was replaced with suitability by many stake holders, as they had vested and/or conflicts of interests to label suitable developments sustainable. The sustainable development goals recently introduced by the United Nations seem to serve as a ‘roadmap to happiness’ instead of metrics. A simple and independent definition of sustainability was recently provided: Nature's resources, including energy, should be used at a rate at which they can be replaced naturally, and the generation of wastes cannot be faster than the rate of their remediation by Nature. The ethanol equivalent, the sustainability values of resource replacement and fate of waste, and the sustainability indicator have been recently defined to measure the sustainability of biomass-based carbon-chemicals and renewable energy. The production of ethylene, propylene, toluene, xylenes, styrene, and ethylene oxides cannot be sustainable due to the limited amount of bioethanol. The required volume of corn and the corresponding size of land are only enough to replace one sixth of fossil resources in the USA, EU, and China, and practically insufficient in Canada and the Russian Federation. Until the utilization of electricity becomes practical and economical in aviation, biomass-based liquid fuels are the sustainable alternative.","PeriodicalId":202204,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116561846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHAPTER 11. Advances in Catalysis for More Sustainable Synthesis of Phenolics 第十一章。可持续合成酚类化合物的催化研究进展

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00245

T. Tabanelli, F. Cavani

{"title":"CHAPTER 11. Advances in Catalysis for More Sustainable Synthesis of Phenolics","authors":"T. Tabanelli, F. Cavani","doi":"10.1039/9781788016131-00245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016131-00245","url":null,"abstract":"In this chapter, we examine the synthesis of phenolic compounds via catalytic reactions and processes, with a special focus on sustainability issues. In recent years, considerable steps forward have been made with the aim of developing greener routes for the functionalisation of phenol and diphenols. Examples of these include: (a) the use of methanol instead of methylchloride or dimethylsulphate for the synthesis of ethers, such as anisole, guaiacol and veratrol, which are key intermediates for the synthesis of a plethora of fine chemicals and specialties; (b) the use of alkylcarbonates for the synthesis of alcohol-ethers (e.g. phenoxyethanol), cresols, and ethers; and (c) the use of aldehydes instead of halogenated alkanes for the hydroxyalkylation of phenolics to alcohols, such as piperonyl alcohol. Indeed, many of these reactions were inspired by the successful industrial application of methanol as an electrophile for the synthesis of o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol. The latter reaction may be considered the very first ‘green’ process for the functionalisation of phenol; surprisingly, despite its industrial use for several decades, only in recent years has the mechanism of this reaction been elucidated. Some emblematic examples of the more sustainable synthesis of phenolic compounds, briefly discussed here, are 2,6-xylenol, guaiacol, vanillin, methylendioxobenzene, phenoxyethanol, hydroxytyrosol and piperonal.","PeriodicalId":202204,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133688431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

CHAPTER 13. Supported ILs and Materials Based on ILs for the Development of Green Synthetic Processes and Procedures 第13章。支持人工智能和基于人工智能的材料用于绿色合成工艺和程序的发展

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00289

S. Montolio, B. Altava, E. García‐Verdugo, S. Luis

引用次数: 5

CHAPTER 5. Sustainable Batch or Continuous-flow Preparation of Biomass-derived Fuels Using Sulfonated Organic Polymers 第五章。利用磺化有机聚合物可持续间歇或连续制备生物质衍生燃料

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00079

Valeria Trombettoni, Filippo Campana, A. Marrocchi, L. Vaccaro

{"title":"CHAPTER 5. Sustainable Batch or Continuous-flow Preparation of Biomass-derived Fuels Using Sulfonated Organic Polymers","authors":"Valeria Trombettoni, Filippo Campana, A. Marrocchi, L. Vaccaro","doi":"10.1039/9781788016131-00079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016131-00079","url":null,"abstract":"The interest in biodiesel as an alternative fuel is ever increasing due to recent legislation requiring fuel manufacturers to add a set percentage of biofuel in their products. The present EU's biofuel policy introduces a blending target involving reaching a mandatory 6% reduction in the greenhouse gas intensity of fuels by 2020. Thus, biodiesel production that is sustainable in terms of feedstock, as well as of employment of clean, safe, and efficient manufacturing processes, is becoming urgent. In the past decade, many industrial processes have shifted toward the use of solid acid catalysts as a ‘green tool’ to replace traditional catalytic systems to efficiently produce biodiesel from low-cost biomass feedstock, i.e., resources with high free fatty acid content. Heterogeneous systems, indeed, enable their easy separation and recovery, recycling and reuse, possibly leading to waste-minimized protocols. Moreover, there is an ever-growing interest in exploiting the synergy between heterogeneous catalysis and continuous flow technology as a viable integrated sustainable solution to process intensification. In this chapter, we focus on the recent advances in the use of tuneable and versatile organic polymer-supported solid acid catalysts to produce biodiesel fuel in batch and in continuous mode. We restrict the discussion to the most widely employed members of this class, i.e., cation-exchange resins. Trends are identified between physico-chemical and morphological properties of the catalysts and their performance, while their recyclability aspects are also examined. Finally, a survey and brief discussion on these catalysts' performance in batch and continuous flow production of levulinates – biofuel additives structurally related to biodiesel – are also provided.","PeriodicalId":202204,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129201354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

CHAPTER 12. Transition Metal Catalysis in Micellar Media: Much More Than a Simple Green Chemistry Promise 第十二章。胶束介质中的过渡金属催化:不仅仅是一个简单的绿色化学承诺

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00268

A. Scarso, G. Strukul

引用次数: 4

CHAPTER 6. Renewable Starting Materials, Biocatalysis, and Multicomponent Reactions: A Powerful Trio for the Green Synthesis of Highly Valued Chemicals 第六章。可再生起始材料、生物催化和多组分反应:高价值化学品绿色合成的强大三重奏

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00115

L. Banfi, Chiara Lambruschini, L. Moni, R. Riva

引用次数: 0

CHAPTER 4. Flow Chemistry in Drug Discovery 第四章。药物发现中的流动化学

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00053

J. Alcázar, A. Hoz, Á. Díaz‐Ortiz

引用次数: 3

CHAPTER 14. CO2 and Organic Carbonates for the Sustainable Valorization of Renewable Compounds 第14章。二氧化碳和有机碳酸盐对可再生化合物的可持续增值

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00319

M. Selva, A. Perosa, G. Fiorani, Lisa Cattelan

{"title":"CHAPTER 14. CO2 and Organic Carbonates for the Sustainable Valorization of Renewable Compounds","authors":"M. Selva, A. Perosa, G. Fiorani, Lisa Cattelan","doi":"10.1039/9781788016131-00319","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/9781788016131-00319","url":null,"abstract":"The present chapter collects and describes representative examples from the current literature on the use of CO2 and Organic Carbonates for the Sustainable Valorization of Renewable Compounds. For the reader's convenience, after an introductory section aimed at highlighting both the potential and challenges associated with the chemical upgrading of renewable compounds, topics are organized in three parts surveying the following subjects: (i) catalytic and photocatalytic routes for both the reduction of CO2 and use of CO2 for the carboxylation of C(sp3)–H bonds and bio-based epoxides, and the methylation of amines; (ii) model strategies for carboxylation and alkylation reactions mediated by non-toxic dialkyl carbonates for the valorization of bio-based platform chemicals including glycerol, succinate, and dimethyl-2,5-furandicarboxylate, and renewable lactones, as well as natural polysaccharides (cellulose, starch, and chitin) and lignin; (iii) the sustainable synthesis of bio-polycarbonates and bio-polyurethanes via sequential transesterification/polycondensation reactions with dialkyl carbonates and cycloadditions of CO2 into renewable epoxides.","PeriodicalId":202204,"journal":{"name":"Green Chemistry Series","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

CHAPTER 2. One-pot Organic Reactions 第二章。一锅有机反应

Green Chemistry Series Pub Date : 2019-06-27 DOI: 10.1039/9781788016131-00020

Wei Zhang

引用次数: 1