Pharmaceuticals最新文献_第9页

Gabapentin-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Stress Misresponse and Risk of Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review. 加巴喷丁诱发的肾上腺功能不全：下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴应激反应失调与感染风险：病例报告和文献综述。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091174

Evmorfia Pechlivanidou, Alexandros Chatzikyriakos, Maria Anna Zisi, Nikolaos Paraskevopoulos, Semeli Kaltsa, Orestis K Konstantas, Panteleimon Zogakis, Aikaterini Catsouli, Nick Sekouris, Rodanthi E Margariti

{"title":"Gabapentin-Induced Adrenal Insufficiency: The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Stress Misresponse and Risk of Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review.","authors":"Evmorfia Pechlivanidou, Alexandros Chatzikyriakos, Maria Anna Zisi, Nikolaos Paraskevopoulos, Semeli Kaltsa, Orestis K Konstantas, Panteleimon Zogakis, Aikaterini Catsouli, Nick Sekouris, Rodanthi E Margariti","doi":"10.3390/ph17091174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091174","url":null,"abstract":"This literature review, in light of the presented case report, explores the complex interplay between gabapentin (GBP), a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in patients undergoing major surgical procedures. It specifically investigates the potential impact of GBP on cortisol levels, stress responses, and infection risk, illustrated by a detailed clinical case. This review combines a comprehensive literature search with a case report of a 17-year-old male with osteosarcoma who experienced transient adrenal insufficiency and infections while receiving GBP. The case is analyzed in the context of the existing literature on GBP and the HPA axis. The findings highlight the intricate relationship between GBP use, adrenal insufficiency, and infection susceptibility. It underscores the need for further research and clinical vigilance when prescribing GBP to patients with underlying medical conditions, particularly in the context of major surgical procedures. The review underscores the need for further research and clinical vigilance when prescribing GBP, particularly in perioperative settings. In conclusion, GBP's effects on the HPA axis and immune responses are complex and multifaceted. Clinicians should exercise caution when prescribing GBP, especially for patients with underlying conditions undergoing major surgery. Further research is needed to elucidate the mechanisms of GBP's influence on cortisol levels and stress responses.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435122/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Pregabalin Gels for Oral Application. 普瑞巴林口服凝胶细胞毒性的表征与评估

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091168

Gabriela Monteiro Barbosa Xavier, Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa Ferreira, Marcele Fonseca Passos, Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues, Felipe Tuji de Castro Franco, Cecy Martins Silva, José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior, Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa, Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira Araújo

{"title":"Characterization and Evaluation of the Cytotoxicity of Pregabalin Gels for Oral Application.","authors":"Gabriela Monteiro Barbosa Xavier, Lindalva Maria de Meneses Costa Ferreira, Marcele Fonseca Passos, Ana Paula Drummond Rodrigues, Felipe Tuji de Castro Franco, Cecy Martins Silva, José Otávio Carréra Silva Júnior, Roseane Maria Ribeiro-Costa, Jesuína Lamartine Nogueira Araújo","doi":"10.3390/ph17091168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091168","url":null,"abstract":"The efficacy of pregabalin in pain treatment has led to the search for new formulations for its use through different routes of administration. This study aimed to prepare, characterize, and evaluate the cytotoxicity of pregabalin (PG) gels for topical application in the oral cavity. Solutions with three different concentrations of PG were prepared and added to a 1.0% carbopol gel base. Thermal analyses (TG and DSC) and FTIR were performed on the gel and pure pregabalin. Stability (preliminary and accelerated) and rheology studies were also conducted on the gels. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in human gingival fibroblasts in the following groups: WG (1.0% carbopol gel base), PG2G (2.0% pregabalin gel), PG5G (5.0% pregabalin gel), and PG10G (10% pregabalin gel). A transparent and homogeneous gel with a pH of 6 was obtained. The formulations showed stability, and the different drug concentrations did not influence the product's characteristics. None of the tested groups showed cytotoxicity for the analyzed cells. The pregabalin gels exhibited favorable and non-toxic characteristics for human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. Therefore, this product may be a promising therapeutic alternative for topical application in the oral mucosa.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435025/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142336527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study on the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gintonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Relationship with TRPV1, TRPV4, and NaV1.5. 肠易激综合征的治疗效果和机制及其与 TRPV1、TRPV4 和 NaV1.5 的关系研究

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091170

Na-Ri Choi, Seok-Jae Ko, Joo-Hyun Nam, Woo-Gyun Choi, Jong-Hwan Lee, Seung-Yeol Nah, Jae-Woo Park, Byung-Joo Kim

{"title":"Study on the Therapeutic Effects and Mechanisms of Gintonin in Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Its Relationship with TRPV1, TRPV4, and NaV1.5.","authors":"Na-Ri Choi, Seok-Jae Ko, Joo-Hyun Nam, Woo-Gyun Choi, Jong-Hwan Lee, Seung-Yeol Nah, Jae-Woo Park, Byung-Joo Kim","doi":"10.3390/ph17091170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091170","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal (GI) disease accompanied by changes in bowel habits without any specific cause. Gintonin is a newly isolated glycoprotein from ginseng that is a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand. To investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of action of gintonin in IBS, we developed a zymosan-induced IBS murine model. In addition, electrophysiological experiments were conducted to confirm the relevance of various ion channels. In mice, gintonin restored colon length and weight to normal and decreased stool scores, whilst food intake remained constant. Colon mucosal thickness and inflammation-related tumor necrosis factor-α levels were decreased by gintonin, along with a reduction in pain-related behaviors. In addition, the fecal microbiota from gintonin-treated mice had relatively more Lactobacillaceae and Lachnospiraceae and less Bacteroidaceae than microbiota from the control mice. Moreover, gintonin inhibited transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 1 and TRPV4 associated with visceral hypersensitivity and voltage-gated Na+ 1.5 channels associated with GI function. These results suggest that gintonin may be one of the effective components in the treatment of IBS.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435028/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352430","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Therapeutic Modality Applying Quinizarin-Loaded Nanocapsules and 3D Bioprinting Skin Permeation for Inflammation Treatment. 光动力疗法作为一种新的治疗模式，应用喹尼扎林负载纳米胶囊和三维生物打印皮肤渗透技术治疗炎症。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091169

Stéphanie R do Amaral, Camila F Amantino, Aleksandar Atanasov, Stefanie Oliveira Sousa, Richard Moakes, Sonia Maria Oliani, Liam M Grover, Fernando L Primo

{"title":"Photodynamic Therapy as a Novel Therapeutic Modality Applying Quinizarin-Loaded Nanocapsules and 3D Bioprinting Skin Permeation for Inflammation Treatment.","authors":"Stéphanie R do Amaral, Camila F Amantino, Aleksandar Atanasov, Stefanie Oliveira Sousa, Richard Moakes, Sonia Maria Oliani, Liam M Grover, Fernando L Primo","doi":"10.3390/ph17091169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091169","url":null,"abstract":"Skin inflammation associated with chronic diseases involves a direct role of keratinocytes in its immunopathogenesis, triggering a cascade of immune responses. Despite this, highly targeted treatments remain elusive, highlighting the need for more specific therapeutic strategies. In this study, nanocapsules containing quinizarin (QZ/NC) were developed and evaluated in an in vitro model of keratinocyte-mediated inflammation, incorporating the action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and analyzing permeation in a 3D skin model. Comprehensive physicochemical, stability, cytotoxicity, and permeation analyses of the nanomaterials were conducted. The nanocapsules demonstrated desirable physicochemical properties, remained stable throughout the analysis period, and exhibited no spectroscopic alterations. Cytotoxicity tests revealed no toxicity at the lowest concentrations of QZ/NC. Permeation and cellular uptake studies confirmed QZ/NC permeation in 3D skin models, along with intracellular incorporation and internalization of the drug, thereby enhancing its efficacy in drug delivery. The developed model for inducing the inflammatory process in vitro yielded promising results, particularly when the synthesized nanomaterial was combined with PDT, showing a reduction in cytokine levels. These findings suggest a potential new therapeutic approach for treating inflammatory skin diseases.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11434822/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mannitol-Coated Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a Directly Compressible Controlled Release Excipient for Moisture-Sensitive Drugs: A Stability Perspective. 甘露醇包衣羟丙基甲基纤维素作为湿敏药物的直接可压缩控释辅料：稳定性透视。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091167

Christina Yong Xin Kang, Keat Theng Chow, Yuan Siang Lui, Antoine Salome, Baptiste Boit, Philippe Lefevre, Tze Ning Hiew, Rajeev Gokhale, Paul Wan Sia Heng

{"title":"Mannitol-Coated Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose as a Directly Compressible Controlled Release Excipient for Moisture-Sensitive Drugs: A Stability Perspective.","authors":"Christina Yong Xin Kang, Keat Theng Chow, Yuan Siang Lui, Antoine Salome, Baptiste Boit, Philippe Lefevre, Tze Ning Hiew, Rajeev Gokhale, Paul Wan Sia Heng","doi":"10.3390/ph17091167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091167","url":null,"abstract":"Background/objectives: Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) is one of the most commonly used hydrophilic polymers in formulations of matrix tablets for controlled release applications. However, HPMC attracts moisture and poses issues with drug stability in formulations containing moisture-sensitive drugs.Methods: Herein, the moisture sorption behavior of excipients and drug stability using aspirin as the model drug in matrix tablets were evaluated, using HPMC and the newly developed mannitol-coated HPMC, under accelerated stability conditions (40 °C, 75% relative humidity) with open and closed dishes.Results: Tablets prepared with mannitol-coated HPMC showed a slower drug degradation rate compared to tablets prepared with directly compressible HPMC. Initial moisture content and hygroscopicity were stronger predictors of drug stability compared to water activity when comparing samples without similar moisture content. In the early stage (day 0 to 30), the aspirin degradation rate was similar in both open and closed conditions, as moisture content is the main degradation contributor. In the later stage (day 30 to 90), aspirin degradation was faster under closed conditions than under open conditions, likely due to autocatalytic effects caused by the volatile acidic by-product entrapped in the closed environment.Conclusions: The findings from this study reinforced the importance of judicious excipient selection based on the understanding of excipient-moisture interactions to maximize the chemical stability of moisture-sensitive drugs. Mannitol-coated HPMC is a promising addition to the formulator's toolbox for the formulation of controlled release dosage forms by direct compression.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Novel Pyrrole Derivatives as Multi-Target Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Silico Studies and Biological Evaluation. 新型吡咯衍生物作为治疗阿尔茨海默病的多靶点药物：微波辅助合成、硅学研究和生物学评价。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-04 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091171

Emilio Mateev, Valentin Karatchobanov, Marjano Dedja, Konstantinos Diamantakos, Alexandrina Mateeva, Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed, Ali Irfan, Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina, Iva Valkova, Maya Georgieva, Alexander Zlatkov

{"title":"Novel Pyrrole Derivatives as Multi-Target Agents for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: Microwave-Assisted Synthesis, In Silico Studies and Biological Evaluation.","authors":"Emilio Mateev, Valentin Karatchobanov, Marjano Dedja, Konstantinos Diamantakos, Alexandrina Mateeva, Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed, Ali Irfan, Magdalena Kondeva-Burdina, Iva Valkova, Maya Georgieva, Alexander Zlatkov","doi":"10.3390/ph17091171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091171","url":null,"abstract":"Considering the complex pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the multi-target ligand strategy is expected to provide superior effects for the treatment of the neurological disease compared to the classic single target strategy. Thus, one novel pyrrole-based hydrazide (vh0) and four corresponding hydrazide-hydrazones (vh1-4) were synthesized by applying highly efficient MW-assisted synthetic protocols. The synthetic pathway provided excellent yields and reduced reaction times under microwave conditions compared to conventional heating. The biological assays indicated that most of the novel pyrroles are selective MAO-B inhibitors with IC50 in the nanomolar range (665 nM) and moderate AChE inhibitors. The best dual-acting MAO-B/AChE inhibitor (IC50hMAOB-0.665 μM; IC50eeAChE-4.145 μM) was the unsubstituted pyrrole-based hydrazide (vh0). Importantly, none of the novel molecules displayed hMAOA-blocking capacities. The radical-scavenging properties of the compounds were examined using DPPH and ABTS in vitro tests. Notably, the hydrazide vh0 demonstrated the best antioxidant activities. In addition, in silico simulations using molecular docking and MM/GBSA, targeting the AChE (PDB ID: 4EY6) and MAO-B (PDB: 2V5Z), were utilized to obtain active conformations and to optimize the most prominent dual inhibitor (vh0). The ADME and in vitro PAMPA studies demonstrated that vh0 could cross the blood-brain barrier, and it poses good lead-like properties. Moreover, the optimized molecular structures and the frontier molecular orbitals were examined via DFT studies at 6-311G basis set in the ground state.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435393/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Photoantimicrobial and Photoantiviral Textiles: Underestimated Potential. 光抗菌和光抗病毒纺织品：被低估的潜力。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091164

Alexander Efimov, Serge Mordon

引用次数: 0

In Vitro Studies of Genistein Lipophilic Derivatives as Potential UV Radiation Protectors. 作为潜在紫外线辐射防护剂的染料木素亲脂性衍生物的体外研究。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091166

Magdalena Skonieczna, Kinga Plasa, Ewa Borowska, Agata Jakubowska, Wiesław Szeja, Anna Kasprzycka

{"title":"In Vitro Studies of Genistein Lipophilic Derivatives as Potential UV Radiation Protectors.","authors":"Magdalena Skonieczna, Kinga Plasa, Ewa Borowska, Agata Jakubowska, Wiesław Szeja, Anna Kasprzycka","doi":"10.3390/ph17091166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091166","url":null,"abstract":"The major environmental factor responsible for skin cancer is ultraviolet (UV) radiation, present in sunlight. UV radiation is directly linked to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which accumulate in exposed cells and cause serious damage. The antioxidant systems present in cells cannot always sufficiently neutralize the ROS. Therefore, supplementation with exogenous antioxidants has been proposed. The antioxidant properties of some isoflavones, such as genistein, have already been well-proven. Genistein has limited bioavailability. However, its derivatives, with increased lipophilicity, could facilitate its transfer into cells, where they can expose its antioxidative potential. This study aims to investigate three genistein derivatives, with greater lipophilicity than the native compound, regarding their cytotoxicity, antioxidative properties, and effect on the cell cycle in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and a melanoma cancer cell line (Me45). Results showed that lipophilic modification of the genistein molecule changes the biological response of NHDF and Me45 cell lines to UV-C radiation, but the lipophilicity cannot be directly linked with the activity of the compounds. A comparison of the effects of the genistein derivatives on healthy and cancerous cells suggests that their mode of action strongly depends on the type of cell involved.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435217/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Use of Ketamine in Patients with Multifactorial Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. 氯胺酮在多因素神经病理性疼痛患者中的应用：系统回顾与元分析。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091165

Alejandro Bruna-Mejias, Vicente Baeza, Javiera Gamboa, Belen Baez Flores, Jessica San Martin, Constanza Astorga, Javiera Leyton, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Alvaro Becerra-Farfán, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro, Juan Jose Valenzuela-Fuenzalida

{"title":"Use of Ketamine in Patients with Multifactorial Neuropathic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Alejandro Bruna-Mejias, Vicente Baeza, Javiera Gamboa, Belen Baez Flores, Jessica San Martin, Constanza Astorga, Javiera Leyton, Pablo Nova-Baeza, Mathias Orellana-Donoso, Alejandra Suazo-Santibañez, Alvaro Becerra-Farfán, Gustavo Oyanedel-Amaro, Juan Jose Valenzuela-Fuenzalida","doi":"10.3390/ph17091165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091165","url":null,"abstract":"Neuropathic pain (NP) is a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the experience of a number of sensory disturbances including pain, burning sensations, paroxysms of stabbing pain, dysesthesias, allodynia, and hyperalgesia. The above-mentioned sensations may occur in a specific dermatome area or other delimited region of the body. The objective of this review was to analyze the evidence for ketamine in multifactorial neuropathic pain. The research group systematically searched the databases MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE, SCOPUS, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (Cinahl), and the Web of Science. The findings of this review show that different forms of low doses of ketamine (LDK) do not present statistically significant changes for any of the scales included. In this study, the total symptom score [standardized mean difference (SMD) = -3.59, confidence interval (CI) = -4.16 to -3.02, and p < 0.00001], neuropathy impairment score (SMD = -1.42, CI = -3.68 to 0.84, and p = 0.22), and neuropathy symptom checklist (SMD = -0.09, CI = -0.15 to -0.02, and p = 0.01) were taken into account. For finality compared to the use of a placebo, the findings suggest that LDK does not exhibit significant differences in terms of pain reduction and functionality. Moreover, no specific dosages are identified to support the use of LDK in the reduction in NP.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435086/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma: A Narrative Review. 青光眼给药系统：叙述性综述。

IF 4.3 3区医学

Pharmaceuticals Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.3390/ph17091163

Antonio M Fea, Veronica Vallino, Michela Cossu, Valentina Marica, Cristina Novarese, Michele Reibaldi, Francesco Petrillo

{"title":"Drug Delivery Systems for Glaucoma: A Narrative Review.","authors":"Antonio M Fea, Veronica Vallino, Michela Cossu, Valentina Marica, Cristina Novarese, Michele Reibaldi, Francesco Petrillo","doi":"10.3390/ph17091163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ph17091163","url":null,"abstract":"Glaucoma is one of the world's leading causes of blindness, and its management is challenging. The main objective is to lower intraocular pressure through medical, para-surgical, and surgical therapy. Medical therapy often represents the first line of treatment. Although effective in many cases, the eye drops are accompanied by significant problems. They require high patient compliance and can be associated with various side effects, limiting their efficacy. Consequently, the research for new drug delivery systems trying to overcome these limitations is ongoing: numerous devices are developing and gradually entering clinical practice. These new therapeutic options may offer better control of the intraocular pressure, with fewer side effects, and are less dependent on patients' compliance. Hence, the research in this field continues to flourish. This review summarizes the most recent findings in the scientific literature, underlines the role and possible limitations of the new glaucoma drug delivery systems in clinical practice, and recognizes their new horizons and perspectives.","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11435076/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142352421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0