Pharmaceuticals最新文献

{"title":"Managing Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea: A Comprehensive Review of Therapeutic Interventions in Cancer Treatment.","authors":"Xiaoqin Yang, Jiamei Chen, Yitao Wang, Yihan Wu, Jinming Zhang","doi":"10.3390/ph18030359","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030359","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Irinotecan (CPT-11), an inhibitor of DNA topoisomerase I, stands as a pivotal therapeutic agent in oncology. However, its use is primarily constrained by side effects such as neutropenia and the onset of delayed diarrhea. Despite the effective management of neutropenia, CPT-11-induced diarrhea (CID) is often severe, leading to hospitalization, dosage adjustments, and in some cases, treatment discontinuation, which can significantly impact therapeutic outcomes. A multitude of pharmacological agents have been investigated in preclinical and clinical studies with the aim of reducing or preventing the onset of delayed diarrhea associated with CPT-11. This comprehensive review examines the underlying mechanisms of CPT-11-triggered delayed diarrhea and discusses the experimental medications and strategies that have been utilized to combat this adverse effect. This review encompasses an exploration of chemical formulations, the application of traditional Chinese medicine, and the advent of innovative drug delivery systems. It is anticipated that this article will serve as a valuable resource for both novice researchers in the realm of irinotecan chemotherapy and for those who are well-versed in the field, including experts and practicing clinicians.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944746/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143720693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on COVID-19 Treatment: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.","authors":"Marharyta Sobczak, Rafał Pawliczak","doi":"10.3390/ph18030357","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030357","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and is known for its anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunoregulatory qualities. It has been extensively studied during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, to evaluate the relationship between TCM and the treatment of COVID-19, we conducted a meta-analysis. <b>Methods</b>: Our meta-analysis included 22 randomized clinical trials, which investigated the analyzed endpoints: time to recovery from fever, severity of dyspnea or breathlessness according on different scales, time to recovery for coughing, including dry and wet coughing, time to recovery for fatigue, changes in respiratory rate, length of hospitalization, hospital discharging rate, number of intensive care unit (ICU) admissions, number of cases requiring any supplemental oxygenation, number of deaths among COVID-19 patients, conversion rate of SARS-CoV-2 tests on a particular day, and time to viral assay conversion. The relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and the mean difference or standardized mean difference with 95% CIs were calculated to compare the effect. A random effects model was used to calculate effect sizes. <b>Results</b>: We indicated a positive effect of TCM on different COVID-19 symptoms. TCM influences hospitalization duration, ICU admission, mortality, and time to viral assay conversion among COVID-19 patients. Moreover, TCM positively affects SARS-CoV-2 test conversion rates on particular days (RR = 1.21; 95% CI [1.10; 1.32]; <i>p</i> < 0.0001; I² = 84%). <b>Conclusions</b>: TCM may potentially support the standard treatment of COVID-19. Nevertheless, the necessity for further randomized trials with a greater number of participants and in a wider range of countries remains apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Vitro Activity of the Triazinyl Diazepine Compound FTSD2 Against Drug-Resistant <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> Strains.","authors":"Carlos Aranaga, Ruben Varela, Aura Falco, Janny Villa, Leydi M Moreno, Manuel Causse, Luis Martínez-Martínez","doi":"10.3390/ph18030360","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030360","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives:</b> Compounds derived from pyrimido-diazepine have shown selective inhibition of the susceptible <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> strain H37Rv. However, there is a need for studies that evaluate the activity of these compounds against multidrug-resistant strains and clinical isolates. This study aims to evaluate the antitubercular potential of FTSD2 against drug-resistant strains of <i>M. tuberculosis</i>. <b>Methods:</b> The compound 4-(2,4-diamino-8-(4-methoxyphenyl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-pyrimido[4,5-b][1,4]diazepin-6-yl)-N-(2-(4-(dimethylamino)-6-(4-fluorophenyl)amino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide (FTSD2) was tested against drug-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i> strains at minimal inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC). Kill curve assays were performed to assess bactericidal activity, and cytotoxicity was evaluated in human monocyte-derived macrophages and the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line. Intracellular death assays, specifically macrophage infection assays, were also conducted to evaluate the effect of FTSD2 on intracellular <i>M. tuberculosis</i> growth. <b>Results:</b> FTSD2 inhibited the growth of drug-resistant <i>M. tuberculosis</i> at MIC and MBC values between 0.5 and 1 mg/L. Kill curve assays demonstrated concentration-dependent bactericidal activity. No cytotoxicity was observed in macrophages at concentrations below 64 mg/L. Additionally, FTSD2 significantly suppressed intracellular <i>M. tuberculosis</i> growth after 192 h. FTSD2 did not inhibit the growth of nontuberculous mycobacteria, including <i>M. avium</i>, <i>M. abscessus</i>, <i>M. fortuitum</i>, <i>M. chelonae</i>, and <i>M. smegmatis</i> at 50 mg/L. <b>Conclusions:</b> FTSD2 exhibits strong potential as a leading compound for the development of new antitubercular drugs, with selective activity against <i>M. tuberculosis</i> and minimal cytotoxic effects on macrophages. Further studies are needed to explore its mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11945624/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Rhoifolin</i> Improves Glycometabolic Control in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats by Up-Regulating the Expression of Insulin Signaling Proteins and Down-Regulating the MAPK/JNK Pathway.","authors":"Maryam Ehsan, Sibtain Ahmed, Wafa Majeed, Asra Iftikhar, Maryam Iftikhar, Mateen Abbas, Tahir Mehmood","doi":"10.3390/ph18030361","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030361","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background and Aim:</b><i>Rhoifolin</i> is a bioactive flavonoid that possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. The current investigation aimed to examine the anti-diabetic potential of <i>rhoifolin</i> in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Dose-dependent (10 and 20 mg/kg) anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects of <i>rhoifolin</i> were evaluated by measuring fasting blood glucose, serum glucose, serum insulin, HOMA-IR, lipidemic status, inflammatory cytokines, and hepatic antioxidant markers. To identify the underlying mechanism behind the anti-diabetic activity of <i>rhoifolin</i>, qRT-PCR was carried out using rat pancreatic and hepatic tissues. <b>Results:</b> The results have shown that <i>rhoifolin</i> produced antioxidant effects, as exhibited by DPPH and ABTS⁺ assays, respectively. <i>Rhoifolin</i> showed potent alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities. <i>Rhoifolin</i> enhanced the serum insulin level, significantly decreased the serum glucose, HOMA-IR, and cytokine levels, and improved the lipid profile. <i>Rhoifolin</i> also showed a substantial decline in insulin resistance in the treated rats. <i>Rhoifolin</i> significantly raised catalase and superoxide dismutase levels in hepatic tissues while potentially decreasing the malondialdehyde levels. Moreover, <i>rhoifolin</i> significantly down-regulated the MAPK-8, TRAF-6, and TRAF-4 expressions and up-regulated the PDX-1, SIRT-1, INS-1, and GLUT-4 expressions in treated groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our results indicate that <i>rhoifolin</i> exhibits a hypoglycemic effect, which appears to be associated with its regulatory impact on metabolic inflammation and oxidative stress markers. This was accompanied by a lower HOMA-IR index, highlighting its potential role in promoting glucose homeostasis and mitigating insulin resistance. According to preliminary results, <i>rhoifolin</i> could further be tested to introduce it as another viable treatment option for diabetes.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944882/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721141","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and Characterization of Printlets of Lamivudine for Pediatric Patients Using Selective Laser Sintering.","authors":"Canberk Kayalar, Swaroop Jalandar Pansare, Gereziher Sibhat, Mathew Kuttolamadom, Ziyaur Rahman, Mansoor A Khan","doi":"10.3390/ph18030356","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030356","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background:</b> Lamivudine is widely used alone or in combination with other anti-HIV drugs in the infant to adolescent age groups of pediatric populations. Compounding of medications is frequently used for pediatric patients. However, many issues have been reported for the compounded formulation such as assay, stability, safety, and efficacy. Three-dimensional printing can overcome these issues. <b>Objective:</b> The aim of this study was to understand the effect of process and formulation variables on lamivudine printlets for pediatric populations using selective laser sintering. <b>Methods:</b> The Plackett-Burman screening design was used to prepare 12 formulations to study six variables, namely, laser scanning speed (130-150 °C), surface temperature (105-120 °C), chamber temperature (250-350 mm/s), sucrose (0-30%), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (0-42%), and Kollidon^® CL-M (0-5%). The formulations were tested for dissolution, disintegration, hardness, assay, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, stability, and pharmacokinetics in Sprague Dawley rats. <b>Results:</b> The assay of the printlet formulations varied between 93.1 and 103.5% and the disintegration time was 2.8 ± 1.2 (F1) to 43.7 ± 2.7 (F10) s. Due to high surface temperatures, the unsintered powder in the printing chamber experienced significant changes in crystallinity. No statistical significance was observed between the pharmacokinetic parameters of the printlets and commercial tablets (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The maximum plasma concentration (C_max), time to reach maximum plasma concentration (T_max), and area under the curve (AUC) of the printlets and commercial tablets were 295.5 ± 33.0 and 305.0 ± 70.1 ng/mL, 0.5 ± 0.0 and 1.0 ± 0.8 h, and 1414.1 ± 174.0 and 1987.2 ± 700.5 ng.h/mL, respectively. <b>Conclusions:</b> In summary, fast-disintegrating and dissolving 3D printed lamivudine was found to be bioequivalent to commercial formulation of lamivudine. Thus, it is a viable method for dispensing personalized lamivudine printlets for pediatric populations.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946220/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Model-Informed Dose Optimization of Spironolactone in Neonates and Infants.","authors":"Amira Soliman, Leandro F Pippa, Jana Lass, Stephanie Leroux, Valvanera Vozmediano, Natalia V de Moraes","doi":"10.3390/ph18030355","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030355","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: Spironolactone (SP) has been used off-label in pediatrics since its approval, but its use is challenged by limited pharmacokinetic (PK) data in adults and especially in children. <b>Methods</b>: Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for SP and its active metabolites, canrenone (CAN) and 7α thio-methyl spironolactone (TMS), in adults were developed. These models aim to enhance understanding of SP's PK and provide a basis for predicting PK and optimizing SP dosing in infants and neonates. Given SP's complex metabolism, we assumed complete conversion to CAN and TMS by CES1 enzymes, fitting CES1-mediated metabolism to the parent-metabolite model using PK data. We incorporated ontogeny for CES1 and CYP3A4 and other age-related physiological changes into the model to anticipate PK in the pediatric population. <b>Results</b>: The PBPK models for SP, CAN, and TMS accurately captured the observed PK data in healthy adults across various dosing regimens, including the impact of food on drug exposure. The pediatric PBPK model was evaluated using PK data from infants and neonates. Simulations indicate that 2.5 mg/kg in 6-month to 2-year infants and 2 mg/kg in 1-6-months infants matched the total unbound systemic exposure equivalent to the standard recommended daily maintenance dose of 100 mg in adults for treating edema. <b>Conclusions</b>: The developed PBPK model provides valuable insights for dosing decisions and optimizing therapeutic outcomes, especially in populations where clinical studies are challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944562/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioequivalence Study of Two Oral Methocarbamol Formulations in Healthy Subjects Under Fasting Conditions: A Randomized, Open-Label, Crossover Clinical Trial.","authors":"Ana Ascaso-Del-Rio, Paola Camargo-Mamani, Inmaculada Gilaberte, Mónica Díez-Hochleitner, Leonor Laredo-Velasco, Teresa Iglesias-Hernangómez, María Rosario Salas-Butrón, Laura Galán Caballero, Iván Alejandro Díaz-Rengifo, Carla Pérez-Ingidua, Emilio Vargas-Castrillón, Antonio Portolés-Pérez","doi":"10.3390/ph18030354","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030354","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Objective:</b> This study aimed to assess the bioequivalence of two oral methocarbamol formulations, as follows: the test (T) methocarbamol 1500 mg tablets and the reference (R) Robaxin^® 500 mg tablets (3 tablets, total dose: 1500 mg) under fasting conditions, and compare their pharmacokinetic performance. <b>Methods:</b> This was a single-center, phase I, randomized, open-label (blinded for analytical determination), two-sequence, two-period, crossover, bioequivalence study. A total of 32 healthy volunteers were randomly assigned to receive the T-R or R-T administration sequence. Each volunteer received a single dose of each methocarbamol formulation (T or R) separated by a washout period of 7 days. To evaluate the pharmacokinetic profile, blood samples were collected at nineteen time points after dosing. <b>Results:</b> The arithmetic mean C_max was 31.72 µg/mL for R and 32.39 µg/mL for T, and the arithmetic mean AUC_0-t was 90.25 h × µg/mL and 89.72 h × µg/mL, respectively. All adverse events reported were mild for both formulations. The 90% confidence intervals for the corresponding logarithmically transformed geometric mean ratios of C_max and AUC_0-t fell within the acceptance interval of 80.00-125.00%, as their values were 91.67-112.47% for ln(C_max) and 92.34-103.47% for ln(AUC_0-t). <b>Conclusion:</b> Therefore, one tablet of methocarbamol 1500 mg was found to be bioequivalent to the Robaxin^® 500 mg tablets (3 tablets), with comparable tolerability and safety profiles.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11946590/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nanosponge-Encapsulated Polyoxometalates: Unveiling the Multi-Faceted Potential Against Cancers and Metastases Through Comprehensive Preparation, Characterization, and Computational Exploration.","authors":"Muhammad Sajjad, Muhammad Zubair Malik, Ayesha Bint Umar Awan, Hamid Saeed Shah, Muhammad Sarfraz, Faisal Usman, Tahir Ali Chohan, Tanveer A Wani, Seema Zargar, Zobia Jawad","doi":"10.3390/ph18030347","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030347","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study examined the fabrication and characterization of nanosponges (NS) laden with polyoxometalates (TiW₁₁Co) with the intention of targeting malignancy. <b>Methods</b>: By employing the emulsion solvent diffusion technique, TiW₁₁Co-NS were generated by combining polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and ethyl cellulose (EC) in different concentrations. <b>Results</b>: A significant numerical results encompassed a hydrodynamic particle diameter of 109.5 nm, loading efficiencies reaching 85.9%, and zeta potentials varying from -24.91 to -27.08 (mV). Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were employed to validate the TiW₁₁Co-NS porous structure and surface morphology. The results of the stability investigation indicated that TiW₁₁Co-NS exhibited prolonged sturdiness. Investigation examining the inhibition of enzymes revealed that TiW₁₁Co-NS exhibited enhanced effectiveness against TNAP. Pharmacological evaluations of TiW₁₁Co-NS demonstrated improved cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects in comparison to pure TiW₁₁Co, thereby indicating their potential utility in targeted cancer therapy. In vivo investigations involving mice revealed that TiW₁₁Co-NS caused a more substantial reduction in tumor weight and increased survival rates in comparison to pure TiW₁₁Co. The resemblance of TiW₁₁Co for crucial proteins associated with cancer proliferation was featured through molecular docking, thereby supporting its therapeutic potential. <b>Conclusions</b>: The TiW₁₁Co-laden nanosponges demonstrated superior stability, enzyme inhibition, cytotoxicity, and in vivo anticancer efficacy, underscoring their potential for targeted cancer therapy.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944626/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Glial Modulator Antibiotics for Neuropathic Pain: Current Insights and Future Directions.","authors":"Alex J Zimmerman, Nicholas Mangano, Grace Park, Amit K Kaushal, Sergio D Bergese","doi":"10.3390/ph18030346","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030346","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pathological pain is defined as pain that outlives its usefulness as a protective warning system and becomes debilitating, disrupting normal life function. Understanding the mechanism of transition from physiological to pathological pain is essential to provide the effective prevention of chronic pain. The main subcategories of pathological pain are nociceptive pain, neuropathic pain, and nociplastic pain. Glial cells play pivotal roles in the development and maintenance of each of these pathological pain states, specifically neuropathic pain. Consequently, targeting these cells has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy, as limited efficacy and harmful adverse effects are associated with current pharmacotherapies. This paper aims to review specific antibiotics that modulate glial cells, which can be used to treat neuropathic pain. These antibiotics include minocycline, doxycycline, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin. The potential of these antibiotics appears promising, particularly given the extensive prior research and use of these antibiotics in humans for other illnesses. However, each presents its own set of limitations, ultimately making the translation from preclinical findings to human therapies for neuropathic pain challenging.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944926/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721117","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploiting the Anticancer, Antimicrobial and Antiviral Potential of Naphthoquinone Derivatives: Recent Advances and Future Prospects.","authors":"Shouyan Xiang, Yubei Li, Shah Nawaz Khan, Weixin Zhang, Gaoyang Yuan, Jiahua Cui","doi":"10.3390/ph18030350","DOIUrl":"10.3390/ph18030350","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cancer remains a primary cause of mortality, with over 18.1 million new cases and 9.6 million deaths globally in 2018. Chemotherapy, which utilizes a spectrum of cytotoxic drugs targeting the rapidly dividing cancer cells, is a predominant treatment modality. However, the tendency of chemotherapeutics to induce drug resistance and exhibit non-specific cytotoxicity necessitates the development of new anticancer agents with heightened efficacy and minimized toxicity. In recent years, the discovery of safe and effective antibacterial/antiviral agents has also been a hot spot in medicinal chemistry. This paper comprehensively reviews the synthesis, anticancer/antibacterial/antiviral activity, and structure-activity relationships of natural 1,4-naphthoquinones and their derivatives. It highlights their potential as efficient and low-toxicity antitumor and anti-infectious drug candidates.</p>","PeriodicalId":20198,"journal":{"name":"Pharmaceuticals","volume":"18 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11944738/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143721070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}