Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Genotypic Diversity Affects Age Structure of Tiller and Rhizome of Leymus chinensis Population, But Not Age Structure of Bud","authors":"Chan Zhou, Nini Xie, Wenjun Rong, Zhuo Zhang, Linyou Lv, Zhengwen Wang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030245","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of genotypic diversity on the age structure and bud bank of the <i>Leymus chinensis</i> population has not yet been demonstrated. This experiment was designed to study the age structure of the tiller, rhizome, and bud of <i>L. chinensis</i> at genotypic diversity levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. A total of 64 communities were established in this experiment, following the principle of randomized block experimental design. The results indicated that genotypic diversity had a significant or obviously significant effect on the cumulative length of rhizomes of 2a and 4a, dry matter accumulation of rhizomes of 1a and 2a, tiller number of 1a, tiller productivity of 3a, but had no significant effect age structure of buds. As the levels of genotypic diversity increased, the proportion of the cumulative length of rhizomes with 4a decreased and then increased, and dry matter accumulation of rhizomes with 1a and 2a gradually increased while the number of tillers with 1a gradually decreased, when the gradient of genotypic diversity increased. At the 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 genotype diversity levels, the number of tillers, the cumulative length of rhizomes, and dry matter accumulation in rhizomes and buds were all age structures of expanding type. However, tiller productivity was an expanding or stable age structure at levels of 1, 2, 4, 8 genotypic diversity, while it was a declining age structure at the 12 genotype diversity gradient. An appropriate genotypic diversity is conducive to maintaining the growth and stability of the age structure of <i>L. chinensis</i> population, but too high a gradient of genotypic diversity can have a negative impact on the population age structure. This study provided that an appropriate number of genotypic diversity contributes to the stability of the population.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Restructuring Tilth Layers Can Change the Microbial Community Structure and Affect the Occurrence of Verticillium Wilt in Cotton Field","authors":"Ming Dong, Yan Wang, Shulin Wang, Guoyi Feng, Qian Zhang, Yongzeng Lin, Qinglong Liang, Yongqiang Wang, Hong Qi","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030465","url":null,"abstract":"Restructuring tilth layers (RTL) is a tillage method that exchanges the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers that can be applied during cotton cultivation to increase cotton yield, eliminate weeds and alleviate severe disease, including Verticillium wilt. However, the mechanism by which RTL inhibits Verticillium wilt is unclear. Therefore, we investigated the distribution of microbial communities after rotary tillage (CK) and RTL treatments to identify the reasons for the reduction of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields subjected to RTL. Illumina high-throughput sequencing was used to sequence the bacterial and fungal genes. The disease incidence and severity of Verticillium wilt decreased by 28.57% and 42.64%, respectively, after RTL. Moreover, RTL significantly enhanced bacterial richness and evenness at 20–40 cm and -reduced the differences in fungal evenness and richness between soil depths of 0–20 and 20–40 cm. The number of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> decreased, while the relative abundance of biocontrol bacteria such as <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>Pseudoxanthomonas</i> increased significantly following RTL. Overall RTL improved bacterial diversity, decreased the number of <i>Verticillium dahliae</i> and increased the relative abundance of biocontrol bacteria, which may have suppressed the occurrence of Verticillium wilt in cotton fields.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First Report of a Successful Development of Yam Hybrids (Dioscorea alata L.) from Lyophilized and Long-Term Stored Pollens","authors":"Erick Mal閐on, Elie Nudol, Christophe Perrot, Marie-Claire Gravillon, Ronan Rivallan, Denis Cornet, H鈔a Chair, Komivi Dossa","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.042397","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.042397","url":null,"abstract":"Various biological constraints including erratic and asynchronous flowering between male and female plants hinder successful hybrid development and genetic gains in greater yam breeding programs. Therefore, pollen storage has gained much attention to facilitate artificial pollinations and increase the genetic gains. This 4-year study aimed at developing a practical long-term pollen storage technique for the successful development of yam hybrids. Fresh pollens were collected from two <i>Dioscorea alata</i> males, then lyophilized (two lyophilization treatments were applied), followed by storage at room temperature (24°C–25°C) for 12 months. Moreover, the lyophilized and stored pollens were tested for viability by crossing with four female varieties. Our results showed that lyophilization is effective for achieving viable pollens after 12 months of storage. Treatment 1 (48 h drying) showed higher pollen germination and fertility rates than Treatment 2 (72 h drying). Although we observed a reduction in viability of lyophilized pollens after 12 months of storage, we generated hybrid seedlings with success rates from 12% to 21% compared to 21%–31% when using fresh pollens. Paternity testing based on molecular genotyping confirmed the hybrid status of the obtained seedlings, which grew well in a greenhouse. Lyophilization is a practical approach for a long-term storage of greater yam pollen samples. This protocol will positively impact yam breeding programs particularly in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Studies of Castor (Ricinus communis L.) PLC Family Genes in Arabidopsis Inflorescence Development","authors":"Yanpeng Wen, Rui Luo, Lili Li, Xiaotian Liang, Xuemei Hu, Ruxin Li, Zhiyan Wang, Fenglan Huang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Transcriptomics Analysis of Michelia macclurei Dandy Plantlets with Different LED Quality Treatments","authors":"Zhaoli Chen, Ying Liu, Bingshan Zeng, Qingbin Jiang, Shengkun Wang, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030664","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Michelia macclurei</i> Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China, owing to its economic and practical importance. Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture. However, the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of <i>M. macclurei</i> under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet. In this study, we investigated the morphological, chlorophyll content, and transcriptomic responses of <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets under different light-emitting diode (LED) qualities, including white, blue, and red light. The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height (21.29%) and leaf number (18.65%), while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53% and 16.49%, respectively. In addition, the plantlets’ chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light. Compared to white light, blue light had a negative effect, leading to decreased rooting rate (64.28%), root number (72.72%), and root length (75.86%). Conversely, red light had a positive effect, resulting in increased rooting rate (24.99%), root number (109.58%), and root length (72.72%). Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three groups that consisted of blue light <i>vs</i>. white light (BL-<i>vs</i>-WL), red light <i>vs</i>. white light (RL-<i>vs</i>-WL), and red light <i>vs</i>. blue light (RL-<i>vs</i>-BL). Specifically, 21, 7, and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups, respectively. The DEGs found in the RL-<i>vs</i>-WL and BL-<i>vs</i>-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling, nitrogen metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, which suggests that <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets under different light qualities.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135402049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Uncover the Effects of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Beam Irradiation on Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"Libo Xie, Xue Wang, Luxiang Liu, Chunmei Xu, Yongdun Xie, Hongchun Xiong, Xinchun Han, Mu Guo","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.042919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.042919","url":null,"abstract":"Hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world. Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers, little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation. To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam, we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects. The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits, particularly yield unit, but had a negligible effect on the photosynthetic rate of hot pepper, with a specific influence on chlorophyll b rather than chlorophyll a. By RNA-Seq analysis, 671 up-regulated and 376 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between irradiated and unirradiated hot pepper. Based on GO and KEGG network analysis, the auxin metabolic process was the common pathway in these two networks. A total of 118 potential reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and 262 signal transduction genes were identified, suggesting a balance between antioxidant enzymes and enhanced ROS transduction. The amounts of 15 metabolite, involved in GABA pathways, secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, shikimate pathways, TCA cycles, nitrogen metabolism, glycerol metabolism and acetate pathways, were significantly changed in the ion beam irradiated sample. These results highlighted that the enriched pathways could play important roles in response to ion beam irradiation in hot pepper plants. In summary, these data provide valuable information for future research on ion beam irradiation and genomic studies in hot pepper.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Responses of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Heat and Drought Stresses","authors":"Seung Hee Eom, Tae Kyung Hyun","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.044032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.044032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Ziwei Li, Lifen Huang, Zhongyang Huo, Min Jiang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030627","url":null,"abstract":"The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice, and affects the yield of rice plants to a great extent. The correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is complex. The stability and universality of these correlations must be verified. We conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments (high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days). We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal imager. Results showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:00. Although the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature (<i>p > <i>0.05</i></i>), the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures (<i>p < <i>0.05</i></i>). The correlations between the leaf, stem, panicle, canopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate, theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk stage. Among them, the correlation coefficient between ΔT_s and theoretical and actual yields was the highest, the relationship between theoretical yield (Y) and ΔT_s (X) was Y = −5.6965X + 27.778, R² = 0.9155. Compared with ΔT_l, ΔT_p and ΔT_c, ΔT_s was closely related to the main traits of plants. ΔT_s could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice than ΔT_c, such as dry matter accumulation (r = −0.931), SPAD (r = 0.699), N concentration (r = 0.714), transpiration rate (r = −0.722). In conclusion, stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy temperature. Stem temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Algae on Melon (Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. conomon) Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions","authors":"M. Zeki KARİPÇİN, Behcet İNAL","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030979","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change, it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses. The use of microalgae, which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins, against drought tolerance is a new approach. The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars. Morphological, physiological, pomological, and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes. It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature, leaf relative water contents (LRWC), plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, and yield, while Cag Cag (a special river in the region) stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter. It was determined that the number of nodes in the control (without algae) plots was higher than in the other two treatments. Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes. The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes. While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1, genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter, fruit diameter, and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials. In terms of yield, it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes. In addition, the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed. The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups, with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another. As a result of the study, it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of <i>Cucumis melo</i> subsp. <i>agrestis</i> var. <i>conomon</i> genotypes.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Microalgae in Five Areas of Biotechnology","authors":"H閏tor Alejandro Reza-Solis, Ofelia Adriana Hern醤dez-Rodr韌uez, Andr閟 Francisco Mart韓ez-Rosales, D醡aris Leopoldina Ojeda-Barrios","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.029851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.029851","url":null,"abstract":"Microalgae are mostly photoautotrophic microscopic organisms. According to their cellular structure, they are classified into two types, eukaryotes, and prokaryotes, and they are distributed in all types of ecosystems, presenting unique qualities due to the fact that they synthesize high value-added molecules used in various productive and environmental activities, and because their biomass is used as raw material to obtain various products. Therefore, the objective of this review was to collect, organize, and collate current information on the use of microalgae in the development of biotechnology involving the areas of agriculture, health, food, bioremediation, and biofuels. The results show that the microalga <i>Chlorella</i> stands out for its multiple uses in the five areas considered in this study. The search for healthier and more environmentally friendly technologies has contributed to the development of new biotechnological applications that require the study and incorporation of specialized microorganisms to replace and/or improve existing applications.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135400114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}