Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany最新文献

{"title":"Transcriptome Analysis of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Phenotypic Variation in Phaseolus vulgaris Mutant ‘nts’","authors":"Limin Yin, Chang Liu, Zicong Liang, Dajun Liu, Guojun Feng, Zhishan Yan, Xiaoxu Yang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.043151","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.043151","url":null,"abstract":"The phenotype of a common bean plant is often closely related to its yield, and the yield of plants with reduced height or poor stem development during growth is low. Mutants serve as an essential gene resource for common bean breeding genetic research. Although model plants and crops are studied to comprehend the molecular mechanisms and genetic basis of plant phenotypes, the molecular mechanism of phenotypic variation in common beans remains underexplored. We here used the mutant ‘nts’ as material for transcriptome sequencing analysis. This mutant was obtained through ⁶⁰Co-γ irradiation from the common bean variety ‘A18’. Differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in GO functional entries such as cell wall organization, auxin response and transcription factor activity. Metabolic pathways significantly enriched in KEGG analysis included plant hormone signal transduction pathways, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, and fructose and mannose metabolic pathways. <i>AUX1</i> (<i>Phvul.001G241500</i>), the gene responsible for auxin transport, may be the key gene for auxin content inhibition. In the plant hormone signal transduction pathway, <i>AUX1</i> expression was downregulated and auxin transport across the membrane was blocked, resulting in stunted growth of the mutant ‘nts’. The results provide important clues for revealing the molecular mechanism of ‘nts’ phenotype regulation in bean mutants and offer basic materials for breeding beneficial phenotypes of bean varieties.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ectopic Overexpression of EuCHIT30.7 Improves Nicotiana tabacum Resistance to Powdery Mildew","authors":"Lanjun Li, Degang Zhao","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.031175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.031175","url":null,"abstract":"Various strains of powdery mildew (PM), a notorious plant fungal disease, are prevalent and pose a significant threat to plant health. To control PM, transgenic technology can be used to cultivate more resistant plant varieties. In the present study, we utilized the rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technique to clone the full-length cDNA sequence of the <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> gene to explore plant genes with disease resistance functions. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene belongs to the GH18 family and is classified as a class III chitinase. The <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> gene is expressed throughout the <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> plant, with the most abundant expression in male flowers. Subcellular localization analysis indicated that the protein encoded by this gene was detected within both the cell membrane and cytoplasm. Upon PM inoculation, overexpression of <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> in tobacco plants led to a significantly reduced relative lesion area and a decreased spore count compared to both wild-type and empty vector control plants. Activities of the protective enzymes, namely, peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and phenylalaninammo-nialyase (PAL), in tobacco plants overexpressing <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> were significantly greater than those in wild-type and empty vector tobacco plants. Furthermore, the rate of increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content was significantly lower in tobacco plants expressing <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> compared to control tobacco plants. In <i>EuCHIT30.7</i> transgenic tobacco, the expression of pathogen-related protein genes, namely, <i>PR2</i>, <i>PR5</i>, <i>PR1a</i>, <i>PDF1</i>.2, and <i>MLP423</i>, along with the tobacco PM negative regulatory gene, <i>MLO2</i>, were significantly higher compared to control tobacco plants. These findings suggested that <i>EuCHIT30</i>.7 significantly enhances the resistance of tobacco to PM.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genotypic Diversity Affects Age Structure of Tiller and Rhizome of Leymus chinensis Population, But Not Age Structure of Bud","authors":"Chan Zhou, Nini Xie, Wenjun Rong, Zhuo Zhang, Linyou Lv, Zhengwen Wang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030245","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of genotypic diversity on the age structure and bud bank of the <i>Leymus chinensis</i> population has not yet been demonstrated. This experiment was designed to study the age structure of the tiller, rhizome, and bud of <i>L. chinensis</i> at genotypic diversity levels of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12. A total of 64 communities were established in this experiment, following the principle of randomized block experimental design. The results indicated that genotypic diversity had a significant or obviously significant effect on the cumulative length of rhizomes of 2a and 4a, dry matter accumulation of rhizomes of 1a and 2a, tiller number of 1a, tiller productivity of 3a, but had no significant effect age structure of buds. As the levels of genotypic diversity increased, the proportion of the cumulative length of rhizomes with 4a decreased and then increased, and dry matter accumulation of rhizomes with 1a and 2a gradually increased while the number of tillers with 1a gradually decreased, when the gradient of genotypic diversity increased. At the 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 genotype diversity levels, the number of tillers, the cumulative length of rhizomes, and dry matter accumulation in rhizomes and buds were all age structures of expanding type. However, tiller productivity was an expanding or stable age structure at levels of 1, 2, 4, 8 genotypic diversity, while it was a declining age structure at the 12 genotype diversity gradient. An appropriate genotypic diversity is conducive to maintaining the growth and stability of the age structure of <i>L. chinensis</i> population, but too high a gradient of genotypic diversity can have a negative impact on the population age structure. This study provided that an appropriate number of genotypic diversity contributes to the stability of the population.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Functional Studies of Castor (Ricinus communis L.) PLC Family Genes in Arabidopsis Inflorescence Development","authors":"Yanpeng Wen, Rui Luo, Lili Li, Xiaotian Liang, Xuemei Hu, Ruxin Li, Zhiyan Wang, Fenglan Huang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030960","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136202137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combining Transcriptomics and Metabolomics to Uncover the Effects of High-Energy Lithium-Ion Beam Irradiation on Capsicum annuum L.","authors":"Libo Xie, Xue Wang, Luxiang Liu, Chunmei Xu, Yongdun Xie, Hongchun Xiong, Xinchun Han, Mu Guo","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.042919","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.042919","url":null,"abstract":"Hot pepper (<i>Capsicum annuum</i> L.) is consumed as one of the oldest domesticated crops all over the world. Although mutation breeding using radiation has been performed in hot peppers, little is known about the comparative analysis of mutagenic effects at the molecular level by ion beam irradiation. To comprehend the response mechanism of hot pepper to the ion beam, we used a mutant with favorable economic characteristics induced by lithium-ion beam irradiation to investigate the biological effects. The results indicated that the lithium-ion beam had a positive effect on important agronomic traits, particularly yield unit, but had a negligible effect on the photosynthetic rate of hot pepper, with a specific influence on chlorophyll b rather than chlorophyll a. By RNA-Seq analysis, 671 up-regulated and 376 down-regulated genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between irradiated and unirradiated hot pepper. Based on GO and KEGG network analysis, the auxin metabolic process was the common pathway in these two networks. A total of 118 potential reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging genes and 262 signal transduction genes were identified, suggesting a balance between antioxidant enzymes and enhanced ROS transduction. The amounts of 15 metabolite, involved in GABA pathways, secondary metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, shikimate pathways, TCA cycles, nitrogen metabolism, glycerol metabolism and acetate pathways, were significantly changed in the ion beam irradiated sample. These results highlighted that the enriched pathways could play important roles in response to ion beam irradiation in hot pepper plants. In summary, these data provide valuable information for future research on ion beam irradiation and genomic studies in hot pepper.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"147 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135151640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growth and Transcriptomics Analysis of Michelia macclurei Dandy Plantlets with Different LED Quality Treatments","authors":"Zhaoli Chen, Ying Liu, Bingshan Zeng, Qingbin Jiang, Shengkun Wang, Xiangyang Li","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030664","url":null,"abstract":"<i>Michelia macclurei</i> Dandy is a significant tree species that has extensive cultivation for forestry and horticulture purposes in southern China, owing to its economic and practical importance. Light quality influences plantlet growth and development during tissue culture. However, the growth characteristic and molecular regulation of <i>M. macclurei</i> under different light quality conditions are not well understood yet. In this study, we investigated the morphological, chlorophyll content, and transcriptomic responses of <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets under different light-emitting diode (LED) qualities, including white, blue, and red light. The results showed that blue light significantly increased plant height (21.29%) and leaf number (18.65%), while red light decreased plant height and leaf number by 7.53% and 16.49%, respectively. In addition, the plantlets’ chlorophyll content and etiolation rate were significantly reduced by blue and red light quality compared to white light. Compared to white light, blue light had a negative effect, leading to decreased rooting rate (64.28%), root number (72.72%), and root length (75.86%). Conversely, red light had a positive effect, resulting in increased rooting rate (24.99%), root number (109.58%), and root length (72.72%). Transcriptome analysis identified 54 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in three groups that consisted of blue light <i>vs</i>. white light (BL-<i>vs</i>-WL), red light <i>vs</i>. white light (RL-<i>vs</i>-WL), and red light <i>vs</i>. blue light (RL-<i>vs</i>-BL). Specifically, 21, 7, and 41 DEGs were identified in the three groups, respectively. The DEGs found in the RL-<i>vs</i>-WL and BL-<i>vs</i>-WL groups were involved in plant hormone signaling, nitrogen metabolism, and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathways, which suggests that <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets adapt to the changes of light quality via modulating gene expression. Overall, our study provides valuable insights for understanding the molecular and morphological responses of <i>M. macclurei</i> plantlets under different light qualities.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135402049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcriptomic Responses of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) to Heat and Drought Stresses","authors":"Seung Hee Eom, Tae Kyung Hyun","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.044032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.044032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135440997","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Organ Temperature on Total Yield of Transplanted and Direct-Seeded Rice (Oryza sativa L.)","authors":"Ziwei Li, Lifen Huang, Zhongyang Huo, Min Jiang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030627","url":null,"abstract":"The canopy temperature of rice is an important index that directly reflects the growth and physiological state of rice, and affects the yield of rice plants to a great extent. The correlation between the temperatures of different rice organs and canopy in different growth stages and the grain yield is complex. The stability and universality of these correlations must be verified. We conducted a pot experiment using two rice varieties and two temperature treatments (high temperature treatment was carried out at the beginning of heading stage for 10 days). We measured rice organ temperature during seven stages of growth using a high-precision infrared thermal imager. Results showed that the optimal observation period for the rice canopy temperature was 13:00. Although the rice variety did not significantly impact the canopy or organ temperature (<i>p > <i>0.05</i></i>), the different organs and canopy exhibited significantly different temperatures (<i>p < <i>0.05</i></i>). The correlations between the leaf, stem, panicle, canopy–air temperature differences and seed setting rate, theoretical and actual yields were the strongest during the milk stage. Among them, the correlation coefficient between ΔT_s and theoretical and actual yields was the highest, the relationship between theoretical yield (Y) and ΔT_s (X) was Y = −5.6965X + 27.778, R² = 0.9155. Compared with ΔT_l, ΔT_p and ΔT_c, ΔT_s was closely related to the main traits of plants. ΔT_s could better reflect the growth characteristics of rice than ΔT_c, such as dry matter accumulation (r = −0.931), SPAD (r = 0.699), N concentration (r = 0.714), transpiration rate (r = −0.722). In conclusion, stem temperature was more important indicator than canopy temperature. Stem temperature is a better screening index for rice breeding and cultivation management in the future.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"154 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135158842","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Algae on Melon (Cucumis melo subsp. agrestis var. conomon) Growth and Development under Drought-Stress Conditions","authors":"M. Zeki KARİPÇİN, Behcet İNAL","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.030979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.030979","url":null,"abstract":"Due to climate change, it is necessary to develop plant varieties that are resilient to climate conditions and resistant to abiotic and biotic stresses. The use of microalgae, which are microorganisms that contain carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and vitamins, against drought tolerance is a new approach. The aim of the current study was to determine the drought-related mechanisms in the conomon melon genotype and develop drought-tolerant melon cultivars. Morphological, physiological, pomological, and molecular analyses were carried out on the algae-treated genotypes. It has been determined that commercial algae application provides the best results in leaf temperature, leaf relative water contents (LRWC), plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, and yield, while Cag Cag (a special river in the region) stream algae application gives better results in main stem diameter. It was determined that the number of nodes in the control (without algae) plots was higher than in the other two treatments. Yield and LRWC and plant height values of genotype 7 were the best values among other genotypes. The leaf temperature measurement was lower on genotype 9 than on the other genotypes. While the highest fruit length value was measured in genotype 1, genotype 8 was superior in the main stem diameter, fruit diameter, and the number of nodes among the remaining plant materials. In terms of yield, it was determined that the interaction between genotype 2 and the commercial algae resulted in the best outcomes. In addition, the results of the genetic evaluation revealed that the materials used were not genetically distant from each other and more detailed genetic evaluations are needed. The molecular kinship analysis revealed that the genotypes used in the study were divided into three distinct groups, with individuals within each group exhibiting a high degree of relatedness to one another. As a result of the study, it was found that the application of microalgae had significant effects on improving the drought tolerance of <i>Cucumis melo</i> subsp. <i>agrestis</i> var. <i>conomon</i> genotypes.","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135157297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Different Deficit Irrigation Lower Limits and Irrigation Quotas Affect the Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat by Regulating Photosynthetic Characteristics","authors":"Huiqin Li, Mingzhi Zhang, Na Xiao, Haijian Yang","doi":"10.32604/phyton.2023.031003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2023.031003","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":20184,"journal":{"name":"Phyton-international Journal of Experimental Botany","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135563789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}