FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology最新文献

{"title":"Availability and Pharmacoeconomics of Insulin Therapy in Countries with the Largest Number of Diabetics","authors":"S. Ponomarenko","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.178-190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.178-190","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the review was to analyze the availability of insulin therapy and the ways to improve it in countries with the largest number of patients with diabetes. It was also aimed to assess the medical, social and economic importance of insulin therapy and industrial production of therapeutic recombinant insulin. Materials and methods. The analysis was based on the data taken from monographs and publications in peer-reviewed journals, reports of companies and medical organizations, and the information available in the Internet. The demand and supply in the market of recombinant therapeutic insulin, the insulin market segmentation, and the costs for insulin replacement therapy in countries with the largest number of patients with diabetes were studied. Results and discussion. The pro- and contra- arguments regarding the import of insulin and its impact on the national budget are presented. Technological specifics of recombinant insulin production are discussed; the funding and investments in the biopharmaceutical sector are analyzed. The benefits of industrial production of recombinant therapeutic insulin and its impact on the regional and national economy are demonstrated. Conclusion. The availability of therapeutic insulin in most countries with the largest number of diabetics is unsatisfactory and needs a radical improvement. By analyzing the economic aspects of diabetes and the pharmacoeconomics of insulin, it is advised to develop a modern management system for insulin replacement therapy, especially in countries with large numbers of diabetics. The use of innovative technologies will reduce the production costs of recombinant therapeutic insulin, increase the availability of insulin therapy and thereby improve the quality of life in diabetic patients. Evidence that the production of therapeutic insulin has a positive effect not only on the healthcare, but on the socio-economic situation in the region is also provided. Countries with a number of diabetics exceeding 5 million are encouraged to launch their own production of recombinant therapeutic insulin. The results of the present analysis confirm that half of them are able to manufacture adequate human insulin and/or its analogues.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125466441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Overview of the existing opportunities and limitations of the state guarantees program for provision of free medical care to citizens","authors":"D. V. Fedyaev , R. V. Gostishchev , V. A. Lemeshko , O. I. Ivakhnenko ","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.221-229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.221-229","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. The state guarantee program for provision of free medical care to citizens is a key regulatory document that describes the actual guarantees of citizens for medical care. The standards of the extent and financing of medical care established in it, determine the level of state guarantees throughout the Russian Federation. The aim is to determine possible limitations of the state guarantee program within the formation of indicators for the extent of medical care provided in the regions of the Russian Federation and the corresponding financial support. Materials and methods . As part of the study, the federal and regional regulatory legal acts were analyzed, in terms of the methodology for the formation of regional programs of state guarantees, the extent of medical care and financing, as well as the methodology for the formation of these standards. Results. The existing mechanisms for adapting the federal program of state guarantees at the regional level have been identified, and it has been shown that in most regions of the Russian Federation these methods are not used. Objective criteria for differentiating the standards of medical care exist in 77 regions, these standards correspond to the federal level in the vast majority of the regions of the Russian Federation, however there is a financing gap of the territorial programs in 2017 using the regional budget in 70 regions of the Russian Federation. Findings. The current recommendations on formation of the territorial program of state guarantees are applied to a limited extent. Calculation of the per capita financing standard for a region of the Russian Federation depends only on the differentiation coefficient; incidence rate, age and gender structure of population in a region are not taken into account while calculating the subvention amount.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133997811","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Regulatory and legal status of clinical guidelines and their role in the quality control of medical care in countries of the European Union, North America and Asia","authors":"V. K. Fedyaeva , U. N. Dmitrieva , N. I. Juravleva , N. I. Juravlev , M. Y. Kovaleva , A. S. Korobkina , O. A. Sukhorukikh , A. Pashkina","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.239-245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.239-245","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction. In 2016-2018, the approaches to the development and use of clinical guidelines in the Russian Federation underwent substantial changes. As part of this work, legal aspects of clinical guidelines were modified. The present review, conducted on behalf of the Ministry of Health, is aimed to analyze the international experience regarding the clinical guidelines standards and identify possible obstacles and risks for their implementation. Materials and methods. We reviewed documents and publications related to the development and implementation of clinical guidelines in 2016-2017 in 12 countries from Europe, Asia and North America known for their well established health care systems. The search for publications has been conducted with the help of the PubMed bibliographic database and the Google search engine, using the following requests: «clinical practice guidelines legal status», «clinical practice guidelines + name of the country». The results were updated to 2019. Results. In most of the 12 countries, the clinical guideline development process is coordinated at the national level. However, the implementation of these guidelines by medical professionals is not mandatory, although it is often supported by the regulations of the national health system. Conclusion. The development and implementation of clinical guidelines in the Russian Federation is consistent with the international experience: the development of clinical guidelines is coordinated at the federal level in agreement with the principles of evidence-based medicine; the implementation of guidelines are not mandatory, however, medical organizations and health professionals are expected to provide the medical care by considering the clinical guidelines, approved by the Scientific and Practical Council of the Ministry of Health.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132711751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comorbidity in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation affects the “cost of illness”","authors":"S. Malchikova, N. Maksimchuk-Kolobova, M. Kazakovtseva","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.191-199","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.3.191-199","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: to analyze whether comorbidity affects the cost of treatment and medical services in elderly patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of 98 patients with AF. Comorbidity was evaluated using the CIRS-G scale (Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics) and the Charlson criterion. The “cost of illness” calculations included direct costs only. Results. In elderly patients with AF (mean age 74.7±8.8 years), high rate of comorbidity was typically found. Charlson comorbidity index amounted to 4.0±1.8, and the CIRS-G score – to 8.0±2.8. AF is often associated with heart diseases such as hypertension – 98.9%, coronary heart disease – 27.6%, and congestive heart failure – 76.5%. A patient with AF received on average 7.5±3.8 medications. Direct costs amounted to 18298.2±9440.4 RUB per patient with AF per year. Of this amount, 78.8% were spent for outpatient treatment, 16.5% for hospitalization and 4.7% for ambulance service. Cardiac medications comprised 66.4% of the total direct costs. In patients with high comorbidity, there are high costs of treatment of concomitant diseases, high secondary costs as well as costs for a doctor visit. Conclusion. An average elderly patient with AF receives 7.5±3.8 permanent medications, which correlates with the severity of comorbidity by the Charlson index (r=0.59; p=0.000) and the CIRS-G score (r=0.29; p=0.004). Management of such patients at the outpatient clinic is by large (66.4%) associated with direct costs of the prescribed medications. However, patients with high comorbidity still need more vital drugs, as the cost of treatment of concomitant diseases increases. Notably, these patients spend 4 times more funds for drugs without proven efficacy.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123952647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Organizational structure and funding of health technology assessment agencies around the world","authors":"G. Khachatryan, V. Omelyanovskiy, L. Melnikova, S. Ratushnyak","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.146-154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.146-154","url":null,"abstract":"Aim : analyze the structure and funding of health technology assessment (HTA) agencies abroad. Materials and methods . Here, we review the organizational structure and funding of HTA agencies in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, France, and Sweden), Canada and Australia. The relevant information was found on web-sites of HTA agencies, in the Medline database, and via the searching engines Yandex and Google; the search was conducted using the specific descriptors: «organizational structure of HTA agency», «funding of HTA agency», «pharmaceutical», «reimbursement», «healthcare decision-making», and «funding». Results. The identified HTA-agencies may have a status of either government-funded or nonprofit organization or a structural element of a governmental body. These hTa agencies are funded mainly from the national budget. The funding varies from €550 000 for Ireland to £63.1 mln (€70 million) for the National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) in the UK. The number of employees in the reviewed HTA agencies varies from 6.8 full time employees (FTE) in the Health Information and Quality Authority (HIQA) in Ireland to 604 FTEs in the NICE.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122311418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Health technology assessment and reimbursement of pharmaceuticals in Italy","authors":"F. Gorkavenko, V. Omelyanovskiy, T. Bezdenezhnykh, G. Khachatryan","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.156-164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.156-164","url":null,"abstract":"The Italian healthcare system is historically structured by the difference in economic development between the northern and southern parts of this country. The Italian Medicines Agency (AIFA) is the national health technology assessment (HTA) authority in charge of the reimbursement and formulary-listing. Some regions have established their own HTA institutions to define the reimbursement policy for a specific region or organization. Because of that, the entire HTA system in Italy can be characterized by low inter-regional coherence and insufficient coordination. As a result, the access to medical services is not unified at the regional level; in addition, it is difficult to collect and analyze the data required for providing value-based healthcare. Although the cost-effectiveness of specific health technologies is taken into consideration for decision-making, in practice, the main focus rests on the budget impact and cost control. Along with that, the AIFA holds the leading positions in Europe in using such innovative approaches as the patient access schemes, early HTA and horizon scanning.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"848 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115284822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New framework for the development of clinical guidelines in Russia","authors":"D. Blinov, E. Akarachkova, A. Orlova, E. Kryukov, D. Korabelnikov","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.125-144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.125-144","url":null,"abstract":"Aim - based on the existing regulations and recent documents from the regulatory bodies, determine the methodology for the development of clinical guidelines (CG) that meet the requirements of the legislation in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . We analyzed a number of regulatory and subordinate acts confirming the concept and status of the CG, in particular, the Federal Law № 323- ФЗ “On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation”, Federal Law № 489- ФЗ “On the amendments to article 40 of the Federal Law “On compulsory medical insurance in the Russian Federation” and the Federal Law “On the principles of health care for citizens of the Russian Federation” concerning clinical guidelines, Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated 28 Feb 2019 “Regulations on the scientific and practical council of the Ministry of Health of Russia” and Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of 28 Feb 2019 “On Approval of the procedure and terms for the development of clinical guidelines and their revision, the model format of clinical guidelines and requirements to their structure, contents and scientific validity of the information included in the clinical guidelines”. In addition, we used the documents of regulatory bodies of the Russian Federation, expert opinions from medical professionals and non-profit organizations as well as leading opinions from public sources. Results . Order № 102 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation secured the right of the scientific and practical council to consider and decide on the CG. Order № 103 н of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation approved the procedure and deadlines for the development/revision of the CG; the typical format of CG; the requirements for the structure of CG, its contents and scientific validity of the information included in the CG. A step-by-step algorithm was created for the procedure and timing of CG development and update; the above documents elaborate on the requirements to the structure of CG, the contents and scientific validity of the information included. There are also comments on the development and design of each CG section (title page, table of contents, list of abbreviations, terms and definitions, brief information on the disease, diagnosis, treatment, medical rehabilitation, prevention and follow-up care, organization of medical care, additional information, criteria for assessing the quality of medical care, list of references, composition of the working group on the development and revision of the CG, methodology of the development of the CG, reference materials, algorithms for doctor’s actions, patient information, assessment scales, questionnaires, and other patient assessment tools). The recently adopted requirements for CG registration are compared with the previous methodological recommendations of the regulatory bodies. Discussion. The unification of treatment str","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117200098","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacoeconomic analysis of ceftazidime+avibactam (Zavicefta®) in the treatment of sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria","authors":"S. Nedogoda, A. Salasyuk, I. Barykina, V. O. Smirnova","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.72-84","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.2.72-84","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess the economic outcomes of using ceftazidime + avibactam (compared with the recommended treatments) in adult patients with sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteria. Methods. The economic assessment was made using the cost-effectiveness analysis and budget impact analysis. The cost-effectiveness and budget impact analyses were performed using the Microsoft Excel software. Results. The treatment efficacy analysis showed that patients treated with the fixed-dose combination ceftazidime + avibactam had fewer days spent in the ICU and higher clinical cure rates than patients receiving the reference drug combinations (8 vs 18 days and 75% vs 34.8%, respectively, p=0.031). The cost of treatment with ceftazidime + avibactam amounted to 228.3 thousand rubles, which was lower than the cost of using the alternative treatment regimens by 34.5-229.5 thousand rubles or 13.12-50.14%. According to the cost-effectiveness analysis, the use of ceftazidime + avibactam is pharmacoeconomically effective as it reduces the cost of patient clinical cure case by 61-72% (depending on the treatment regimen used); in addition, the ceftazidime + avibactam allows for managing the hospitalized patient at a cost lower by 76270 thousand rubles or 16-40% than the compared treatment. The median economic benefit from using the fixed dose combination ceftazidime + avibactam is 154 thousand rubles (28% savings compared with the current practice). The budget impact analysis showed that the reduction in the health budget burden would reach 29% or 34.3 million rubles in year. The sensitivity analysis confirmed the above results. Conclusion. Based on the obtained results, we conclude that the ceftazidime + avibactam combination in patients with sepsis caused by carbapenem-resistant bacteria is economically preferable as compared with the current antibiotic therapy regimens.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"136 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114453934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of the clinical efficacy of anti-asthma pharmacotherapy in children using the software package based on the Fishburn method","authors":"O. Zhukova, I. Nikiforova","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.1.48-54","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.1.48-54","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to assess the clinical efficacy of pharmacotherapy regimens using a software package. The article presents a method for assessing the clinical efficacy of pharmacotherapy regimens in children with exacerbation of bronchial asthma (BA); the method is based on comparing the treatment regimens by their significance using the Fishburn method. Materials and methods. We retrospectively analyzed the results of pharmacotherapy in 608 pediatric patients with BA treated in the hospital of Nizhny Novgorod in 2014-2015. We adopted the Fishburn method for determining the weights of each of the used regimens and their subsequent distribution by levels of clinical efficacy. The software was developed using high level C ++ language in the Borland Developer Studio 2006 environment. Results and discussion. The distribution included three levels (high, medium and low) and the subsequent clinical efficacy assessment – two levels (high and low). The high level (0.167-0.250) pertained to the combination of inhaled glucocorticosteroids (IGCS), short-acting β 2- agonists (SABA) and antagonists of leukotriene receptors (ALR), the combination of IGCS, long-acting β 2-agonists (LABA) and ALR, and the combination of IGCS and ALR. The average level (0.083-0.167) was given to the combination of SABA and ALR and the combination of IGCS and LABA. The low level (0-0,083) included the combination of IGCS and SABA and IGCS monotherapy. When classified by two levels of clinical efficacy, the following results were obtained: the high level (0.125-0.250) – the combination of IGCS, SABA and ALR, the combination of IGCS, LABA and ALR, the combination of IGCS and ALR, and the combination of SABA and ALR; the low level (0-0,125) – the combination of IGCS and LABA, the combination of IGCS and SABA, and IGCS monotherapy. The calculating algorithm for the software “Computer program for the distribution of drugs by levels of clinical efficacy” is presented. Conclusion. It has been shown that the combined anti-asthma therapies based on IGCS and ALR are characterized by a high level of clinical efficacy.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115362652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of photodynamic therapy in treatment of adult patients with skin cancer","authors":"O. Kirsanova","doi":"10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.1.42-47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17749/2070-4909.2019.12.1.42-47","url":null,"abstract":"Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a relatively new non-surgical treatment for cancer and precancerous conditions. The present review focused on studies using PDT in the treatment of basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma and skin melanoma. The aim was to obtain evidence on the efficacy of PTD in the treatment of skin cancer in patients over 18 years old. To that end, we screened the PubMed database of medical and biological publications and the Cochrane Library without restricting the depth of search. Materials and methods. We evaluated the data of meta-analyses, results of randomized controlled trials (RCTs), and systematic reviews on RCTs, where the overall survival, survival without relapse, and survival without progression were assessed. Results. We have found one systematic review of 27 studies of different designs, one meta-analysis of 5 RCTs, and also five RCTs (1165 participants in total), where the efficacy and safety of PDT in patients with basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma were directly compared to surgical treatment, cryotherapy, and chemo-radiation therapy. In another systematic review, PDT used for squamous cell carcinoma was compared with electro-dissection, cryotherapy, curettage, microsurgery and chemo-radiation therapy. According to our search criteria, no comparative studies on the efficacy and safety of PDT in patients with melanoma were found. Conclusion. The review underscores the efficacy of PDT in patients with both basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma. However, the use of PDT resulted in a lower 5-year survival and a greater recurrence rate compared to the surgical treatment. PDT can be recommended as an alternative to surgery and other treatments for basal cell and squamous cell carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":201824,"journal":{"name":"FARMAKOEKONOMIKA. Modern Pharmacoeconomic and Pharmacoepidemiology","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116031155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}