Physics Letters A最新文献

{"title":"Modelling study on pedestrian evacuation dynamics considering exit selection behaviour under flood disaster","authors":"Feizhou Huo ,&nbsp;Jianan Huang ,&nbsp;Yaping Ma ,&nbsp;Chenglin Guo ,&nbsp;Wei Zhang ,&nbsp;Shihan Deng","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129967","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129967","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Flood spreading in metro stations is a dangerous hazard that frequently causes casualties and property losses. However, pedestrian evacuation under flood spreading scenarios has not been fully investigated. To fill this gap,we propose an extend Floor-Field model incorporating flood spreading and exit selection behaviour of individuals. In the model, the dynamic flood spreading process on metro platforms is expressed by using a simulation software named Mike21. The optimal exit selected by pedestrians in each step is decided on three factors, that is pedestrian density around the exit, pedestrian distance to the exit, and water depth at the exit. Meanwhile, the movement speed of pedestrain also changes with the water depth at each time step. Based on this, the transition probability to neighbor cell including static field, dynamic field, height field, and water flow field is calculated. This results in a flood evacuation model considering the pedestrian's behaviour when choosing an exit. The effects of flooding, pedestrian density, different exit selection behaviours, water flow field, and inlet flow on evacuation were thoroughly analysed. The analysis demonstrates that the likelihood of flooding significantly impacts the evacuation of pedestrians from the subway station; the more flooding is taken into account, the more influential the impact. In addition, the effect of inlet flow on evacuation is also noteworthy; considering exit selection behaviour can significantly increase the effectiveness of evacuation. The study's findings can be used to develop evacuation plans for flooded metro stations.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129967"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142553366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical investigation of the optical and plasmonic properties of the nanocomposite media composed of silver nanoparticles embedded in rubidium","authors":"Aftab Khan ,&nbsp;Arif Ullah ,&nbsp;Rafi Ud Din ,&nbsp;Afzal Khan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129993","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129993","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This theoretical study investigates, the optical response of a metal-dielectric nanocomposite of silver and rubidium (Ag/Rb) is theoretically studied via Maxwell-Garnett Model by varying the size, shape and volume ratio of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the coherently driven four levels rubidium dielectric atomic media. The rubidium being an alkali metal behaves as dielectric under quantum coherence effect. It was found that the optical response of this nanocomposite media strongly depends on the coherent driving fields applied in the atomic ensemble, the volume fraction of the AgNPs as well as their size and the applied frequencies. It was found that the dielectric function decreases with the increase in AgNPs’ size, while increase in Rabi frequency increases the refractive index. Similarly, the dispersion and absorption decrease with decrease in volume fraction of the AgNPs. Our results suggest important applications of this nanocomposite in various fields such as energy harvesting, photovoltaics and quantum plasmonics. The modeling approach developed in this study provides great freedom for tuning optical properties of the metal-dielectric nanocomposites.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129993"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microscopic Ampère current-current interaction","authors":"Yuehua Su,&nbsp;Desheng Wang,&nbsp;Chao Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129990","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129990","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With the rapid development of modern measurement techniques, the energy resolution of <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> can now be easily obtained. Generally, the driving mechanisms of the physical, chemical or biological processes of the matters or the living organisms on Earth at about <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> energy scale are assumed to stem from the fundamental microscopic Coulomb interaction, its various reduced ones and the relativistic corrections. In this article, by using a path integral approach on a non-relativistic quantum electrodynamics theory, we show that there is another fundamental microscopic electromagnetic interaction at this energy scale, the microscopic Ampère current-current interaction. It has time-dependent dynamical feature and can be the driving interaction of the physical, chemical or biological processes at about <span><math><mn>1</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>meV</mtext></math></span> energy scale. A new Ampère-type exchange spin interaction is also found with a magnitude about <span><math><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> of the well-known Heisenberg exchange spin interaction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129990"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Topological phase engineering of rutile GeO2 with strain","authors":"Shuaihui Guo ,&nbsp;Xiaoxiong Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129989","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129989","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Nodal-line semimetals serve as the parent phase for various topological states. By manipulating spin-orbit coupling (SOC), time-reversal symmetry, or spatial inversion symmetry, a Dirac nodal-line semimetal can transition into a 3D Dirac semimetal, Weyl semimetal, or topological insulator.</div><div>In this study, we present the topological phase engineering of rutile GeO₂ under strain through first-principles calculations. Without considering SOC effect, applying tensile strain to GeO₂ induces a transformation from a trivial insulator to a Dirac nodal-line semimetal, characterized by two orthogonal and interconnected Dirac nodal rings protected by mirror symmetry. When SOC is taken into account, the band degeneracy persists only at two points, resulting in a 3D Dirac semimetal. Nonetheless, due to the negligible strength of SOC in GeO₂, its nodal-line semimetal properties remain largely intact even after including SOC effects.</div><div>Our findings provide valuable insights for the topological phase engineering and potential spintronics applications of GeO₂.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129989"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantum teleportation based on the elegant joint measurement","authors":"Dong Ding ,&nbsp;Ming-Xing Yu ,&nbsp;Ying-Qiu He ,&nbsp;Hao-Sen Ji ,&nbsp;Ting Gao ,&nbsp;Feng-Li Yan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129991","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129991","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As a generalization of the well-known Bell state measurement (BSM), the elegant joint measurement (EJM) is a kind of novel two-qubit joint measurement, parameterized by a subtle phase factor <span><math><mi>θ</mi><mo>∈</mo><mo>[</mo><mn>0</mn><mo>,</mo><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>]</mo></math></span>. We investigate here the quantum teleportation based on the EJM that conceptually goes beyond BSM. It is a probabilistic teleportation caused by nonunitary quantum evolution except for the special case of the BSM with <span><math><mi>θ</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>π</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span>. We show in detail the feasible quantum circuits to realize the present scenario, where a few unitary operations and a nonunitary quantum gate are being utilized. This work suggests that it is feasible to extend the customary (BSM-based) teleportation scenarios to the EJM-based ones, and different from the BSM being single input it may provide a continuously variable input setting or even multiple measurement settings for the sender of the quantum state.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129991"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nonlinear dynamics and effects of fast-ion driven instabilities in HL-2A NBI heating high-βN H-mode plasmas","authors":"W. Chen ,&nbsp;L.M. Yu ,&nbsp;P.W. Shi ,&nbsp;Y.M. Hou ,&nbsp;Z.B. Shi ,&nbsp;J. Bao ,&nbsp;Z. Qiu ,&nbsp;X.Q. Ji ,&nbsp;X.X. He ,&nbsp;Y.G. Li ,&nbsp;M. Jiang ,&nbsp;X. Yu ,&nbsp;D.L. Yu ,&nbsp;Z.C. Yang ,&nbsp;Yi. Liu ,&nbsp;H.T. Chen ,&nbsp;X.L. Zhu ,&nbsp;X. Jiang ,&nbsp;Y.P. Zhang ,&nbsp;Z.X. Wang ,&nbsp;X.R. Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129983","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129983","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-performance plasmas had been obtained with hybrid scenarios on HL-2A in past several years, and the quality factor <span><math><mi>G</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>89</mn></mrow></msub><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>95</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msubsup></math></span> is around 0.3-0.4. In these high-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> H-mode plasmas with <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>2.5</mn></math></span> and <span><math><msub><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>98</mn></mrow></msub><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1.2</mn></math></span> Chen et al. (2022) <span><span>[24]</span></span>, there are multiple energetic-ion driven instabilities, such as toroidal Alfvén eigenmode (TAE) and beta-induced Alfvén eigenmode (BAE), and there are complex magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) dynamics, e.g. nonlinear mode-mode and mode-particle interactions. The TAE amplitude increases explosively, and the frequency is fast chirping in the range of <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>90</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>150</mn></math></span> kHz. The TAE toroidal mode-number is <span><math><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></math></span>, and they localize in outer plasma region. The BAE amplitude also increases explosively, and the BAE frequency is fast chirping in the range of <span><math><mi>f</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>50</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>90</mn></math></span> kHz. The toroidal mode-number of dominant BAEs is <span><math><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math></span>, and these modes localize at q=2 rational surface where there is a large radius internal transport barrier (ITB). Generally, the energetic-ion fraction is low in outer plasma region. It indicates that thermal ions at large radius ITB location possibly provide additional drive and destabilize the BAE in company with energetic-ions. These TAEs/BAEs occur regularly in high-<span><math><msub><mrow><mi>β</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></math></span> region and before large type-I ELM burst. To further illuminate the characteristics of these Alfvénic modes, the 2D and radial mode structures had been calculated by using a well-benchmarked general Alfvénic mode eigenvalue code (MAS). The experimental results suggest that these Alfvénic modes may have important effects on the pedestal transport and ELM-onset.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129983"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adversarial nonnegative matrix factorization for temporal link prediction","authors":"Ting Zhang ,&nbsp;Laishui Lv ,&nbsp;Dalal Bardou","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129984","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129984","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporal link prediction has been extensively studied and widely applied in various applications, aiming to predict future network links based on the historical networks. However, most existing methods ignore the behavior of previous network updating information in temporal networks. To address these issues, we propose a novel link prediction model based on adversarial nonnegative matrix factorization, which fuses graph representation and adversarial learning to perform temporal link prediction. Specifically, we add a bounded adversary matrix to the input matrix to provide the robustness against real perturbations. Then, our model fully exploits the impact of snapshots by using communicability. Simultaneously, we utilize the cosine similarity to extract the node similarity and map it to low-dimensional latent representation to preserve the local structure. Additionally, we provide effective updating rules to learn the parameters of this model. Extensive experiments results on six real-world networks demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms several classical and the state-of-art matrix-based methods.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129984"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142535733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Patient visit behaviour shapes the virus infection dynamics in hosts","authors":"Yuwen Wang ,&nbsp;Jiachen Li ,&nbsp;Jianing Li ,&nbsp;Wenjie Li ,&nbsp;Chun Yang ,&nbsp;Xiaoyang Liu ,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129985","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129985","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Chronic HBV infection is a dynamic process of rapid viral replication and clearance, with large amounts of virus being produced and lost in the body daily. The patient's visit behaviour is closely related to viral load in the body, while the data-driven mathematical model still lacking. Therefore, we first include 28,912 patients to investigate the relationships between the visit behaviour and the HBV-DNA virus load. Then, we propose an HBV virus infection dynamics model that considers the patient's visit behaviour. The system is chaotic once the behaviour of patients during visits depends on the virus load. Our results may help us understand the process of viral transmission, and increasing the visit probability to the clinic can lead to stabilising HBV-DNA viral loads and further help healthcare professionals develop targeted clinical intervention strategies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"527 ","pages":"Article 129985"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Two-component nonlinear waves","authors":"G.T. Adamashvili","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129986","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129986","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The generalized equation for the study of two-component nonlinear waves in different fields of physics is considered. In special cases, this equation is reduced to a set of the various well-known equations describing nonlinear solitary waves in the different areas of physics. Using the generalized perturbation reduction method the explicit analytical expressions for the shape and parameters of two-component nonlinear wave is presented. This nonlinear wave solution coincides with the vector 0<em>π</em> pulse of the self-induced transparency.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"526 ","pages":"Article 129986"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442725","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electro-optical properties of rectangle-shaped crater quantum rings under orthogonal electric and magnetic fields","authors":"M. Ayala-Quitiaquez ,&nbsp;J.P. Naranjo-Rendón ,&nbsp;S. Ríos-Álvarez ,&nbsp;Y.A. Suaza ,&nbsp;J.H. Marín","doi":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129980","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.physleta.2024.129980","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The electronic and optical properties of an electron in realistic rectangle-shaped crater quantum rings under orthogonal electric and magnetic fields have been theoretically studied. The Schrödinger wave equation was solved using the finite element method within the effective mass approximation. A Stark effect with anomalous oscillatory behavior was observed for electric field strengths less than 10 kV/cm. The threading magnetic field leads to the formation of damped oscillations in the absorption coefficient peaks, which are closely related both to the Aharonov-Bohm oscillations and to a shift of the absorption peaks towards blue or red, depending on the dimensions and morphology of the central crater. Our model is sufficiently flexible such that several results appear as particular cases of the quantum ring with a rectangular central crater.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":20172,"journal":{"name":"Physics Letters A","volume":"526 ","pages":"Article 129980"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142442734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}