PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-15DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070661
Shaoqin Luo, Junbo Liu, Chuan Jin, Ji Zhou
{"title":"Illumination Field Uniformity Correction by Novel Finger Arrays for Lithography Illumination System","authors":"Shaoqin Luo, Junbo Liu, Chuan Jin, Ji Zhou","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070661","url":null,"abstract":"In order to correct the integrated nonuniformity of a lithographic illumination field, a high-precision uniformity correction method for an advanced lithographic illumination system is proposed. The method adopts the opaque finger array structure and improves correction ability and accuracy by optimizing the arrangement and structure of the unit without changing the width of each unit. The correction accuracy is expressed as the percentage of the corrected integrated nonuniformity. Through theoretical analysis and simulation, it can be seen that the correction accuracy of a staggered finger array is better than 0.22%. When staggered and layered, the correction accuracy of a finger array is better than 0.14%, which is better than that of a non-layered finger array. When staggered, layered, and chamfered of each unit, the correction accuracy of the finger array structure is better than 0.12%.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141648127","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-13DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070659
Yunqi Hao, Miao Miao, Weitong Liao, Kun Yang
{"title":"Polarization Influence on Er3+-Doped Multi-Wavelength Brillouin Fiber Laser Based on Fiber Loop Mirror","authors":"Yunqi Hao, Miao Miao, Weitong Liao, Kun Yang","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070659","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070659","url":null,"abstract":"Polarization influences on the performance of multi-wavelength Brillouin Er3+-doped fiber laser are investigated by adjusting the polarization controller (PC) in the fiber loop mirror (FLM), where the linear laser cavity is composed of a fiber-tailed mirror and an FLM, and the stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) and the Er3+-doped fiber amplification (EDFA) simultaneously serve as the cavity gain. We realized 1–7 Brillouin laser lines by increasing the 980 nm pump power. For the first-order Brillouin laser, the signal–noise ratio (SNR) and optical intensity present a sinusoidal envelope; the conversion efficiency changes significantly from 0.56465 dBm/mw to 0.44975 dBm/mw by adjusting the ring’s angle in the PC; the first-order SBS thresholds are 20.4 mw, 36.1 mw and 28.5 mw at different angles θ2 = 36°, 276° and 300°, respectively; flatness between the two Brillouin lasers change obviously from 2.863 dB to 41.801 dB with different ring angles; the second-order Brillouin laser is suppressed and disappears finally at Δθ2 = −64° to −84° and 106°~136° angle variation. For the fifth-order Brillouin laser, the highest-order Brillouin laser line is seriously suppressed until it disappears at some angle variations similarly. The powers and wavelength stabilities for one-, three- and seven-wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers were measured in 1 h, and the obtained Er3+-doped multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber laser (MWBFL) worked stably during that time, but the stabilities become worse with higher SBS orders.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141651419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070658
Ao Jiang, Shibo Xing, Haowei Lin, Qing Chen, Mingxuan Li
{"title":"Correction: Jiang et al. Role of Pyramidal Low-Dimensional Semiconductors in Advancing the Field of Optoelectronics. Photonics 2024, 11, 370","authors":"Ao Jiang, Shibo Xing, Haowei Lin, Qing Chen, Mingxuan Li","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070658","url":null,"abstract":"In the original publication [...]","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-12DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070657
Hani J. Kbashi, Sergey V. Sergyev
{"title":"Optical Rogue Waves in Fiber Lasers","authors":"Hani J. Kbashi, Sergey V. Sergyev","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070657","url":null,"abstract":"Optical rogue waves are a nonlinear phenomenon that offers a unique opportunity to gain fundamental insights into wave interaction and behavior, and the evolution of complex systems. Optical systems serve as a suitable testbed for the well-controlled investigation of this natural phenomenon, which cannot be easily studied in an ocean environment. Additionally, such systems offer practical applications in telecommunications and optical signal processing, making this topic a vital area of research. Fiber lasers are considered the best candidates for demonstrating and investigating the emergence of optical rogue waves. In particular, they offer significant advantages in nonlinear dynamics due to faster field evolution and a higher number of events that can be recorded within a relatively short time. In this paper, we present the development mechanisms of optical rogue wave events. It was found that multimode vector instability, pulse–pulse interaction, and soliton rain are the main nonlinear dynamics leading to the formation of optical rogue wave events.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070652
Marcos G. Barriopedro, Manuel Holguín, Pablo de Lara-Montoya, Nilo Mata-Cervera, Miguel A. Porras
{"title":"Three-Dimensional Exploding Light Wave Packets","authors":"Marcos G. Barriopedro, Manuel Holguín, Pablo de Lara-Montoya, Nilo Mata-Cervera, Miguel A. Porras","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070652","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070652","url":null,"abstract":"We describe a family of paraxial and quasi-monochromatic optical wave packets with finite energy and smoothly shaped amplitude in space and time that develops a singularity in the intensity when spatio-temporally focused by imparting a converging spherical wavefront and a negative temporal chirp. This singular behavior upon ideal focusing is manifested in actual focusing with finite apertures and in media with high-order dispersion with “exploding” behavior featuring an indefinitely increasing concentration of the energy when opening the aperture radius, thus exercising continuous control on the focal intensity and spatial and temporal resolution. These wave packets offer a new way of focusing that outperforms what can be achieved with standard Gaussian wave packets in terms of focal intensity and resolution, providing new possibilities in applications where energy concentration and its control are crucial.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Fabrication of Metasurfaces-Based Polarizing Beam Splitter with Tailored Deflection Angles for 940-nm Wavelength","authors":"Kuan-Cheng Peng, Ju-Lin Pan, Jin-Li Weng, Yun-Han Lee, Jui-An Chiang, Guo-Dung Su","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070655","url":null,"abstract":"Polarizing beam splitters (PBSs) are fundamental components of optical systems and are crucial for sensing, communication, and imaging tasks. Traditional PBS devices, assembled using right-angle prisms with dielectric coatings, face challenges such as bulkiness and limited versatility in deflection directions. To address these limitations, we meticulously make metasurfaces for enhanced PBS performance. Metasurfaces, composed of subwavelength structures, manipulate wavefronts, polarization, and light intensity. Using metasurfaces in the design of PBS devices, we can precisely tailor the structure to manipulate the deflection angles of light beams, ensuring that they align with the desired specifications. Our experimental results closely align with simulation outcomes, showcasing deflection angles of a 1.5 mm diameter metasurface near ±15 degrees for s- and p-polarizations in a wavelength of 940-nm.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141656719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070656
Mohammad Furqan Ali, DushanthaNalin K. Jayakody, P. Muthuchidambaranathan
{"title":"Revolutionizing Firefighting: UAV-Based Optical Communication Systems for Wildfires","authors":"Mohammad Furqan Ali, DushanthaNalin K. Jayakody, P. Muthuchidambaranathan","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070656","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070656","url":null,"abstract":"Wildfires are one of the most devastating natural disasters in the world. This study proposes an innovative optical wildfire communication system (OWC) that leverages advanced optical technologies for wildfire monitoring and seamless communication towards the 5G and beyond (5GB) wireless networks. The multi-input–multi-output (MIMO) optical link among communication nodes is designed by gamma–gamma (GG) distribution under consideration of intensity modulation and direct-detection (IM/DD) following an on–off-keying (OOK) scheme. In this study, the performance metrics of the proposed MIMO link that enables unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are analytically derived. The end-to-end (E2E) performance metrics and the novel closed-form expressions for the average BER (ABER) and outage probability (Pout) are investigated for the proposed system models. Furthermore, the simulation results are obtained based on the real experimental data. The obtained results in this study are improved spatial resolution and accuracy, enabling the detection by communication of even small-scale wildfires at their inception stages. In the further perspective of this research, the development of the proposed system holds the potential to revolutionize wildfire prevention and control efforts, making a substantial impact on safeguarding ecosystems, communities, and economies from the devastating effects of fires.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070650
Albert S. Reyna, A. M. Amaral, C. B. de Araújo
{"title":"Emerging Techniques for Nonlinear Optical Spectroscopy of Disordered and Highly Scattering Materials","authors":"Albert S. Reyna, A. M. Amaral, C. B. de Araújo","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070650","url":null,"abstract":"Scattering materials have been of considerable research interest due to their unique optical properties that may enable applications throughout the area of disordered photonics, particularly in fields such as Random Lasers, nonlinear (NL) microscopy in biomedical research, and optical thermometry. However, the complex structures of these materials make traditional NL spectroscopic techniques unsuitable for studies, as the materials of interest can cause large multiple scattering of light in addition to presenting spatial heterogeneities. Fortunately, new techniques, such as the Scattered Light Imaging Method (SLIM), the Intensity Correlation scan (IC-scan), and the Reflection Intensity Correlation scan (RICO-scan), have recently emerged, providing researchers with more appropriate ways to study disordered and scattering NL materials. These techniques allow for a deeper characterization of the NL optical properties of highly scattering materials, which are essential for applications in photonics, optoelectronics, and biophotonics, for example. In this paper, we discuss these innovative techniques, which can offer insights into the properties of materials of great potential for disordered photonics.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070653
Ping Jiang, Xiaoyu Wang, Kejun Wang, Xiaobo Li, Xun Yang
{"title":"Influence of Fabrication and Assembly Errors on the Root Mean Square Surface Distortion of a 2 m Lightweight Mirror and Its Correction","authors":"Ping Jiang, Xiaoyu Wang, Kejun Wang, Xiaobo Li, Xun Yang","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070653","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070653","url":null,"abstract":"The influence of fabrication and assembly errors on the surface distortion due to gravity of a 2 m primary mirror and its correction method are presented. The effect of fabrication errors on the surface distortion is verified by Monte Carlo analysis. The results show that, within the 46.3% confidence interval, the surface accuracy root mean square (RMS) caused by fabrication errors is more than 5.0 nm (indicator requirement). The sensitivity of mirror surface accuracy to the matching relationship between the flexible support axial assembly position and the inherent properties (neutral surface and center of gravity) of the mirror were analyzed. Then, the correction principle of the RMS was proposed based on the analysis result. The surface accuracy RMS of surface gravity distortion is sensitive to fabrication and assembly errors, which can be effectively corrected using a flexible support mounting technique. This new flexible support mounting technique replaces the conventional method with flexible supports having shims so that adjustments can be made during testing to counteract the gravitational distortion of the mirror surface. Astigmatic aberration due to gravitational changes is effectively reduced by selecting a suitable thickness of shim, and the relationship between the astigmatism and the thickness of shim was investigated using the finite element analysis method. Finally, the finite element analysis results showed that the optimal surface gravity accuracy of the mirror assembly could be obtained by adjusting the shim, while the other performance of the assembly was not affected.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141657153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
PhotonicsPub Date : 2024-07-11DOI: 10.3390/photonics11070651
A. F. Yazici, S. Ocal, Ayşenur Biçer, R. B. Serin, Rifat Kaçar, Esin Uçar, Alper Ulku, Talha Erdem, E. Mutlugun
{"title":"Tailoring Quantum Dot Shell Thickness and Polyethylenimine Interlayers for Optimization of Inverted Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes","authors":"A. F. Yazici, S. Ocal, Ayşenur Biçer, R. B. Serin, Rifat Kaçar, Esin Uçar, Alper Ulku, Talha Erdem, E. Mutlugun","doi":"10.3390/photonics11070651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11070651","url":null,"abstract":"Quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) hold great promise for next-generation display applications owing to their exceptional optical properties and versatile tunability. In this study, we investigate the effects of quantum dot (QD) shell thickness, polyethylenimine (PEI) concentration, and PEI layer position on the performance of inverted QLED devices. Two types of alloyed-core/shell QDs with varying shell thicknesses were synthesized using a one-pot method with mean particle sizes of 8.0 ± 0.9 nm and 10.3 ± 1.3 nm for thin- and thick-shelled QDs, respectively. Thick-shelled QDs exhibited a higher photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and a narrower emission linewidth compared to their thin-shelled counterparts. Next, QLEDs employing these QDs were fabricated. The incorporation of PEI layers on either side of the QD emissive layer significantly enhanced device performance. Using PEI on the hole transport side resulted in greater improvement than on the electron injection side. Sandwiching the QD layer between two PEI layers led to the best performance, with a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 17% and a peak luminance of 91,174 cd/m2 achieved using an optimized PEI concentration of 0.025 wt% on both electron injection and hole injection sides. This study highlights the critical role of QD shell engineering and interfacial modification in achieving high-performance QLEDs for display applications.","PeriodicalId":20154,"journal":{"name":"Photonics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141655495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}