Carla de Sanctis Pecora, Niamh Corduff, Julia Carroll, Mariana Muniz, Sonja Sattler
{"title":"Multimodal Treatment Combinations and Layering to Restructure the Aging Face: Recommendations From an Expert Panel.","authors":"Carla de Sanctis Pecora, Niamh Corduff, Julia Carroll, Mariana Muniz, Sonja Sattler","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006873","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Facial aging is a complex process that varies by facial layer and patient characteristics. Correction of the signs of facial aging can be achieved with various aesthetic treatments, including Cohesive Polydensified Matrix hyaluronic acid (CPM-HA), calcium hydroxylapatite in carboxymethylcellulose (CaHA-CMC), microfocused ultrasound with visualization (MFU-V), and incobotulinumtoxinA (incoBoNT-A). This article describes how these treatments can be used in an individualized, layered approach for whole-face rejuvenation that optimizes outcomes and patient satisfaction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An international panel of 5 expert aesthetic physicians convened to align on best practices for a layered approach to whole-face rejuvenation using CPM-HA, CaHA-CMC, MFU-V, and incoBoNT-A. Panelists reviewed statements about facial aging and key features of the select products supporting their use in a layered treatment plan.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The proposed layered treatment plan expands on previous work by de Sanctis Pecora and consists of targeting (1) bone and retaining ligaments; (2) muscles, ligaments, and the superficial muscular aponeurotic system; (3) fat pads; (4) the dermis; and (5) skin quality. Panelists agreed that key features of the select products inform their positioning in the layered treatment plan. Step-by-step procedures for targeting each layer-including product, injection or application technique, and/or rationale-are provided.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>CPM-HA, CaHA-CMC, MFU-V, and incoBoNT-A are considered by the expert panel of aesthetic physicians to be ideal treatment options to obtain a synergistic effect in layered whole-face rejuvenation.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6873"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169967/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bishara Atiyeh, Saif Emsieh, Edwin Chrabieh, Tarek El Hachem, George Greige, Rawad Chalhoub, Paul Beaineh
{"title":"Character and Personality Perception and Social Trait Judgment After Facial Surgical and Medical Aesthetic Interventions.","authors":"Bishara Atiyeh, Saif Emsieh, Edwin Chrabieh, Tarek El Hachem, George Greige, Rawad Chalhoub, Paul Beaineh","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006831","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006831","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The outcome of aesthetic surgical or medical interventions is typically reported from the patient's or surgeon's perspective. However, facial cosmetic interventions have the potential to influence perceived personality traits. How these interventions affect personality perception remains largely underappreciated. Facial inferences are a third perspective still missing from the plastic surgery literature.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PICO (patient, population or problem; intervention; comparison, outcome) literature search was conducted across MEDLINE, PubMed, and Embase databases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Facial rejuvenation procedures in women confer a large societal benefit. Patients experience enhanced perceived femininity, attractiveness, social skills, and likeability. In men, the procedures are not as gender-enhancing, but some may experience improvements in perceived attractiveness, likeability, social skills, and trustworthiness. Clear improvement in sociability, capability, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and health is observed after blepharoplasty and brow lift in both sexes. In female patients, rhinoplasty has favorable changes in femininity and in both the warmth and competence domains. It does not, however, significantly change the perception of masculinity in male patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Insight into how aesthetic interventions change observers' perception provides an additional dimension to our understanding about their true benefits as perceived by society. Patients must be made aware that as much as it is essential for them to be satisfied with their appearance, how they are judged and perceived by others is just as important.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6831"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169962/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Maximilian Mayrhofer-Schmid, Martin Aman, Floris V Raasveld, Wen-Chih Liu, Felix Struebing, Ulrich Kneser, Kyle R Eberlin, Leila Harhaus, Arne Hendrik Boecker
{"title":"Perception and Reality of Robotic Microsurgery: A Cross-sectional Comparative User and Nonuser Survey Study.","authors":"Maximilian Mayrhofer-Schmid, Martin Aman, Floris V Raasveld, Wen-Chih Liu, Felix Struebing, Ulrich Kneser, Kyle R Eberlin, Leila Harhaus, Arne Hendrik Boecker","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006918","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006918","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>With robotic microsurgical systems (RMSs) gaining increasing interest in clinical application, user feedback is crucial for their future development. Additionally, understanding the realistic advantages and limitations of RMSs among nonusers is crucial for broader clinical adoption and appropriate patient selection. This study aimed to assess user experiences on advantages, disadvantages, necessary improvements, and future developments of RMSs and compare it to the views of nonusers on the same aspects.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>An international online survey was conducted among microsurgeons, assessing their views on the aforementioned aspects of RMSs. User and nonuser replies were compared and assessed for differences and similarities to draw conclusions about the experiences and expectations of both groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 68 surgeon replies were included, consisting of 14 users and 54 nonusers from 17 countries. Results showed that users appreciated tremor reduction and improved anastomotic quality as advantages, which were significantly underestimated by nonusers. Nonusers overestimated potential advantages like improved access to deep structures and an increased range of motion and underestimated disadvantages like a flat learning curve. Both groups agreed on the need for technical improvements, particularly in reducing system costs and setup times. For future indications, users saw significant importance in the role of RMSs in reducing human error.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings underscore the potential of RMSs, drawing a realistic picture of real user experiences and nonuser expectations and highlighting key areas for further technological advancement before broader adoption.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6918"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thomas J Sitzman, Jessica L Chee-Williams, Taylor D Snodgrass, Imani R Gilbert, Travis T Tollefson, Davinder J Singh, Jamie L Perry
{"title":"Creating a Superiorly Based Pharyngeal Flap: Is Prominence of C1 Superior Enough, and Will Adenoid Pad Be in the Way?","authors":"Thomas J Sitzman, Jessica L Chee-Williams, Taylor D Snodgrass, Imani R Gilbert, Travis T Tollefson, Davinder J Singh, Jamie L Perry","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006797","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006797","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Positioning the pharyngeal flap base high along the posterior pharyngeal wall is essential for optimizing speech outcomes. Objective data on where to place the flap base are lacking. Further, adenoid tissue can restrict cephalad positioning of the flap. This study aimed to improve the design of the pharyngeal flap by measuring the distance from the first cervical vertebrae (C1) to the palatal plane, and the adenoid depth in children undergoing evaluation for velopharyngeal insufficiency.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of the velopharynx and measured the distance between C1 and the palatal plane, and the adenoid depth at the level of the palatal plane in millimeters.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thirty-four patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at the time of MRI was 7.4 years (range: 3.9-11.9 y). The anterior tubercle of C1 was below the palatal plane in 97% (n = 33) of patients. On average, this landmark was 10.5 mm (SD = 5.0) below the palatal plane. Adenoid tissue was present at the level of the palatal plane in 91% (n = 31) of patients.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Positioning the pharyngeal flap base at C1 is too low to aid with velopharyngeal closure. Further, adenoid tissue is frequently present at the level of velopharyngeal closure, limiting superior positioning of the pharyngeal flap base. When this occurs, surgeons should consider adenoidectomy before pharyngeal flap surgery. Preoperative MRI may be beneficial for planning pharyngeal flap positioning relative to C1 and assessing adenoid tissue at the palatal plane.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6797"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12169972/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144310305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hendrik Lintel, Imran Rizvi, Michael Haydon, Erik S Marques, Matthew R Greives, Mohin A Bhadkamkar
{"title":"New Frontiers: The Intern Experience in a Newly Established Integrated Plastic Surgery Program.","authors":"Hendrik Lintel, Imran Rizvi, Michael Haydon, Erik S Marques, Matthew R Greives, Mohin A Bhadkamkar","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006890","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006890","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The plastic surgery residency pathway has undergone many changes since its inception. The advent of integrated training has largely taken over as the predominant residency model with the addition of a few new programs every year. There is currently a paucity of literature describing the experiences of first-year interns in a new integrated residency program transitioning from the independent model. In this article, we seek to elucidate some of the advantages and difficulties encountered by the initial residents of a newly established integrated program and the steps taken to pave the way for future matched integrated trainees.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6890"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165654/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Caitlyn C Belza, Gaby Sendek, Miriam Becker, Kelli Lopes, Joshua Kohan, Emily Ewing, Edna Montes, Rocneil Nguyen, Andrew Richardson, Bixby Marino-Kibbee, Melissa Kanack, David J Inwards-Breland, Amanda A Gosman
{"title":"Young Adult and Adolescent Gender-affirming Care: Defining Perioperative Protocols.","authors":"Caitlyn C Belza, Gaby Sendek, Miriam Becker, Kelli Lopes, Joshua Kohan, Emily Ewing, Edna Montes, Rocneil Nguyen, Andrew Richardson, Bixby Marino-Kibbee, Melissa Kanack, David J Inwards-Breland, Amanda A Gosman","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006884","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006884","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adolescents and young adults who undergo gender-affirming care require special consideration in the postoperative period. This study evaluated pain management and perioperative details during our clinic's transition to outpatient gender-affirming mastectomy (GAM).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a retrospective review of demographic and perioperative data for individuals who underwent GAM at a single institution from 2019 to 2022. Patients were grouped by the timing of surgery: before (\"preprotocol,\" n = 25) or after (\"postprotocol,\" n = 45) implementation of the outpatient protocol. Multivariate linear and logistic regression and independent <i>t</i> tests were used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There were 70 patients with a mean age of 19.3 years (SD = 1.75 y). Patients who received an erector spinae plane nerve block before the procedure received fewer morphine milligram equivalents postoperatively compared with those who received a postincision erector spinae plane nerve block (<i>P</i> = 0.006). There was a trend in association such that patients who had liposuction received fewer morphine milligram equivalents (<i>P</i> = 0.09). The average hospital stay for the postprotocol group was shorter compared with the preprotocol group (<i>P</i> < 0.001). At discharge, 28% of preprotocol patients were prescribed opioids compared with 9% of postprotocol patients. There was no difference in minor complications between the cohorts. One patient experienced a major complication, which was treated nonoperatively.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings highlight the successful implementation of outpatient GAM for young adults at a children's hospital. The new protocol yielded a shorter duration of hospital stay and less frequent postoperative opioid prescriptions without impacting the incidence of complications.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6884"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165655/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nirbhay S Jain, Sumun Khetpal, Ginger C Slack, Edward H Nahabet, Jaco H Festekjian
{"title":"Diverticulitis Causing Failure of Deep Inferior Epigastric Flap Harvest in Breast Reconstruction.","authors":"Nirbhay S Jain, Sumun Khetpal, Ginger C Slack, Edward H Nahabet, Jaco H Festekjian","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006896","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006896","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The deep inferior epigastric perforator flap is the gold standard in autologous tissue reconstruction after mastectomies. During the course of the dissection of the pedicle for this flap, one must peel the deep inferior epigastric artery off the peritoneum. In rare occasions, scarring from previous abdominal surgery can result in adherence of the deep inferior epigastric artery to the peritoneum. In this report, we describe a patient with adherence of the pedicle to the sigmoid colon due to diverticulitis in the absence of surgical history, which resulted in failure of flap harvest and long-term intestinal complications. Guidelines on imaging findings that may alert the surgeon to this rare situation are also discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6896"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165652/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nadir A Meghji, Ibrahim Mkoma, Advera Ngaiza, Paul Itule, Ally H Mwanga
{"title":"Mammoplasty With Nipple-sparing Goldilocks Technique in Unilateral Gigantic Juvenile Fibroadenoma.","authors":"Nadir A Meghji, Ibrahim Mkoma, Advera Ngaiza, Paul Itule, Ally H Mwanga","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006894","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006894","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Juvenile fibroadenoma (JFA) represents a distinct subtype of fibroepithelial breast lesions that predominantly affect adolescents and young women. Unilateral JFAs are a rare condition in which surgical intervention focusing on oncoplastic reconstruction may be indicated in cases of severe symptoms or significant cosmetic deformity, with careful consideration of patient age, breast development stage, and long-term outcomes. However, there is limited literature on their surgical management aimed at delivering good aesthetic results to these young women. We report a case of a 15-year-old woman who presented with a unilateral gigantic JFA causing her severe discomfort and embarrassment due to the size and asymmetry of her breasts. Mammoplasty using a modified Goldilocks technique with nipple-areolar complex preservation via an inferior-based dermal flap was performed to achieve symmetry and good aesthetic results. After a 6-month follow-up, this technique delivered a remarkable aesthetic result with high patient satisfaction. This case highlighted the importance of using current innovative surgical techniques to deliver good aesthetic results to young women with benign breast diseases, as this plays a crucial role in their psychological and physical well-being as they grow up.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6894"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165663/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302640","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Intraoperative Study of Flap Thickness Between Medial Sural Artery, Anterolateral Thigh, and Radial Forearm Flaps.","authors":"Ansarul Haq, Veena K Singh, Shreosi Sarkar","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006853","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006853","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The medial sural artery perforator (MSAP) flap has gained popularity in recent times because of its various advantages over the anterolateral thigh (ALT) and radial artery forearm (RAF) flaps. However, there is a lack of literature comparing the thickness of these flaps between sonographic and intraoperative measurements. This study aimed to compare the thickness of these flaps and to identify the predictors of flap thickness that will help in reconstructive planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 120 patients underwent reconstructive flap surgery using the 3 flaps (ALT, MSAP, and RAF). The thickness of these flaps was measured by ultrasonography and intraoperative flap measurements. Forward stepwise regressions were conducted to determine the factors contributing to flap thickness.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The mean age of the patients was 38.4 ± 12.2 years, and the mean body mass index was 23.5 ± 3.3 kg/m<sup>2</sup>. The mean thickness of the MSAP was 8.3 ± 1.4 mm, whereas it was 17.6 ± 2.9 mm for the ALT and 5.4 ± 1.3 mm for the RAF. All 3 flaps showed significant differences in thickness (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The ALT flap had a positive correlation with female gender and body mass index. No significance was found between the measurement of flap thickness by sonography and intraoperative measurement. (<i>P</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The MSAP flap can be used as a replacement for the RAF or ALT flap in almost all areas if the flap dimensions and pedicle length are fulfilled. Sonographic measurements of flap thickness are a good predictive marker of intraoperative flap thickness.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6853"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165665/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Surgical Theater, a Novel Technology, Enhances 3-dimensional Mapping for Robotic-assisted Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Free Flap.","authors":"Suphalerk Lohasammakul, Mandy Flor, Clarissa Hoye, Kongkrit Chaiyasate, Jesse C Selber","doi":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006872","DOIUrl":"10.1097/GOX.0000000000006872","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Computed tomography angiography (CTA) is useful in deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap planning. Limitations include that 2-dimensional analysis can be difficult to interpret and the resolution of 3-dimensional (3D) images can be too low. Merging with Surgical Theater software provides high-resolution 3D visualization of the vasculature, which may improve preoperative planning.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Surgical Theater and conventional CTA were combined for preoperative DIEP flap planning. Technical rendering details are explained, receiver operating characteristic curves are identified, and use in robotic-assisted DIEP flap planning is described.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Seven patients were presented. The mean times of 3D mapping and intraoperative perforator identification and selection were 30.8 ± 4.7 and 36 ± 8.2 minutes, respectively. One dominant perforator was identified that was not visible on CTA and was concordant with intraoperative findings. Receiver operating characteristics metrics include sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 93%, positive predictive value of 91%, and negative predictive value of 96%. The rotational capabilities of 3D images allow easier interpretation of intramuscular course and branching patterns.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Combining Surgical Theater with conventional CTA in DIEP flap breast reconstruction provides advantages over CTA alone, including high-fidelity visualization of the course of the DIEP vasculature from multiple views with image rotation in space, which may enhance perforator identification. This technology is particularly helpful in identifying candidates for robotic-assisted DIEP flaps, which is particularly dependent on preoperative imaging. The learning curve is shorter than that for interpreting 2-dimensional imaging, and building 3D images is quick, making adoption straightforward. The potential use of multiple surgical services makes the capital expense cost-effective.</p>","PeriodicalId":20149,"journal":{"name":"Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open","volume":"13 6","pages":"e6872"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12165664/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144302654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}