Pigment & Resin Technology最新文献

{"title":"Evaluation of the aminosilane and colloidal silica treated red iron oxide pigment effects in styrene acrylic and polyurethane dispersion","authors":"M. Ozdemir, Serap Mert, Ayse Aytac","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2022-0123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2022-0123","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to perform the surface treatment of synthetic α-Fe2O3 red iron oxide pigment with hydrolysate 3-aminopropyl silane (A) and colloidal silica (CS) and investigate the effects of surface-treated pigment on the styrene acrylic (SA) emulsion and polyurethane (PU) dispersion.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000For this purpose, firstly red iron oxide particles were modified with A and CS separately in an aqueous medium. After isolation of the modified iron oxide were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). Moreover, the degree of the dispersion stability of the modified pigment in coatings with SA emulsion and PU dispersion was investigated by using an oscillation rheometer. Loss (G''), storage (G') modulus, loss factor [tan(δ)] and yield stress (τ0) values were determined by performing amplitude and frequency sweep tests.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The τ0 in SA coatings decreases with the amount of used A and increases with the amount of used CS. The τ0 decreases as the amount of used A and CS in PU coatings increases. The use of CS on red iron oxide pigments causes storage modulus to increase in SA coatings at low angular frequencies, while it causes a decrease in PU coatings.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To the best of the authors’ knowledge, for the first time, the suspended state of the iron oxide hybrid pigment formed with CS in the coating was investigated rheologically in this study.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88414110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and synthesis of thermosensitive target segment resin with precisely controlled distance between immobilization sites for immobilization of penicillin G acylase","authors":"Yangdong Liu, Siyuan Lu, Hongyi Tu, Boyuan Zhang, Yaqin Zhao, Jiasheng He, Liangliang He, Z. Chen","doi":"10.1108/prt-06-2022-0076","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-06-2022-0076","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000To save the economic cost and improve the performance of enterprises, this study aims to synthesize high performance immobilized penicillin G acylase (PGA) carriers with fast reaction speed, high recovery rate of enzyme activity and good reusability through corresponding theoretical guidance and experimental exploration.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design methodology approach\u0000A diblock resin was synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization method using N, N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) and β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) as functional monomers poly(N, N-diethylacrylamide)-b-poly(β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PDEA-b-PHEMA) was obtained, and the effect of the ratio of DEA and HEMA on the activity of PGA was investigated, and the appropriate block ratio of DEA and HEMA was obtained. After that, the competitive rate of HEMA and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) under the carrier preparation conditions was investigated. Based on the above work, a thermosensitive resin carrier PDEA-b-PHEMA-b-P(HEMA-co-GMA) with different target distances was synthesized, and the chemical structures and molecular weight of copolymers were investigated by hydrogen NMR (1H NMR).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The lower critical solution temperature of the resin support decreases with the increase of the monomer HEMA in the random copolymerization; the catalytic performance study indicated that the response rate of the immobilized PGA is fast, and the recovery rate of the enzyme activity of the immobilized PGA varies with the distance between the targets. When the molar ratio of HEMA to GMA in the resin block is 8.15:1 [i.e. resin PDEA100-b-PHEMA10-b-P(HEMA65-co-GMA8)], the activity recovery rate of immobilized PGA can reach 50.51%, which was 15.49% higher than that of pure GMA immobilized PGA.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality value\u0000This contribution provides a novel carrier for immobilizing PGA. Under the optimal molar ratio, the enzyme activity recovery could be up to 50.51%, which was 15.49% higher than that of PGA immobilized on the carrier with nonregulated distance between two immobilization sites.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81627644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of precipitated and ground calcium carbonate coating on mechanical properties of fluting paper","authors":"Mustafa Çiçekler, Velican Üzüm, Emrullah Çopurkuyu","doi":"10.1108/prt-08-2022-0102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-08-2022-0102","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a pigment coating on the mechanical properties of fluting paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Two different calcium carbonate pigments were used in the preparation of the coated color, precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) and ground calcium carbonate (GCC). Fluting paper produced by recycling waste paper was used as base paper. The effects of PCC and GCC pigments on mechanical properties were compared. Ring crush test (RCT), corrugating medium test (CMT), corrugating crush test (CCT), tensile and burst strength tests were applied to the coated papers, and the results were compared to the mechanical properties of base paper.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The tensile and burst indices of the coated papers were found to be higher than base papers about 13.9% and 6.05%, respectively. While the coating process positively affected the RCT and CCT values, it did not show a significant impact on the CMT values. GCC, one of the pigments used in coating colors, had a more effective effect on the mechanical properties of fluting papers compared to PCC.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000These results suggest that coating of fluting papers has a positive effect on mechanical properties and the use of GCC as a pigment is more effective than PCC.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84004193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis of transparent thermal insulation coating for efficient solar cells","authors":"A.M. Syafiq, Farah Khaleda Mohd Zaini, Vengadaesvaran Balakrishnan, Nasrudin Abd. Rahim","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2022-0119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2022-0119","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to introduce the simple synthesis process of thermal-insulation coating by using three different nanoparticles, namely, nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), nano-tin dioxide (SnO2) and nano-titanium dioxide (TiO2), which can reduce the temperature of solar cells.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The thermal-insulation coating is designed using sol-gel process. The aminopropyltriethoxysilane/methyltrimethoxysilane binder system improves the cross-linking between the hydroxyl groups, -OH of nanoparticles. The isopropyl alcohol is used as a solvent medium. The fabrication method is a dip-coating method.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The prepared S1B1 coating (20 Wt.% of SnO2) exhibits high transparency and great thermal insulation property where the surface temperature of solar cells has been reduced by 13°C under 1,000 W/m2 irradiation after 1 h. Meanwhile, the Z1B2 coating (20 Wt.% of ZnO) reduced the temperature of solar cells by 7°C. On the other hand, the embedded nanoparticles have improved the fill factor of solar cells by 0.2 or 33.33%.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Findings provide a significant method for the development of thermal-insulation coating by a simple synthesis process and low-cost materials.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000The thermal-insulation coating is proposed to prevent exterior heat energy to the inside solar panel glass. At the same time, it can prevent excessive heating on the solar cell’s surface, later improves the efficiency of solar cell.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study presents a the novel method to develop and compare the thermal-insulation coating by using various nanoparticles, namely, nano-TiO2, nano-SnO2 and nano-ZnO at different weight percentage.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81104192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structural color printing and evaluation based on 3D printing","authors":"Jundong He, Xin-guang Lv","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2022-0120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2022-0120","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to modify the FDM 3D printer to print with polystyrene (PS) microspheres as the printing material, thus enabling bottom-up structural color printing and evaluating structural color printing.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study chose a range of different heated bed temperatures to determine a suitable temperature for accelerating the self-assembly of photonic crystals and printing structural colors on various substrates. In addition, this study enhanced the structural color by doping PS microspheres with different contents of Acid Black 210 dye and evaluated the color-enhanced structural color by eye and spectrophotometer under different light sources.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results show that the modified 3D printer can be used for structural color printing, and 50°C is determined as the heated bed temperature. There are significant differences in structural colors when printing under different color backgrounds and material substrates, and corresponding suitable substrates should be selected according to the application. The doping of PS microspheres with varying contents of dye results in different color levels of structural color. As with pigment colors, the visual perception of structural color varies when viewed under different light sources.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This paper proposes to print structural colors low-costly, analyze structural colors under substrate and light source conditions, and expand the structural color gamut by enhancing structural colors, which has positive implications for further research on structural colors as printing colors.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89519748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating nano Primal AC33 for protection and consolidation processes of archaeological pottery: a comparison study with silica and montmorillonite nanoparticles","authors":"Hamdy Mohamed Mohamed, Wael Sabry Mohamed","doi":"10.1108/prt-09-2022-0104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2022-0104","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to offer an effective nanocomposite for potential use to consolidate and protect deteriorated archaeological pottery.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Three nanocomposites were used in the experimental study. This study used nano Primal AC33, silicon dioxide (SiO2) and montmorillonite (MMT) nanoparticles to protect and consolidate pottery specimens. Pottery specimens were made at 800°C for this investigation. Consolidation materials were applied with a brush. The properties of the treated pottery specimens were assessed using several methods such as digital and scanning electron microscopes, static water contact angle, color alteration, physical properties and compressive strength.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Microscopic examination indicated the ability of the nano Primal AC33/MMT nanocomposites to cover the outer surface well and bind the inner granules. Concerning specimens with code F treated with nano Primal AC33 5%/MMT 3% nanocomposites, it achieved an increase in contact angle (120°), density (1.23 g/cm3) and compressive strength (561 kg/cm2), as well as a decrease in color change (ΔE = 2.62), water absorption (4.45%) and porosity (5.46%). The novelty of the results is due to the characteristics of nano Primal AC33 5%/MMT 3% nanocomposites used in the current study.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study describes the significant results of the analytical methods used for evaluating consolidation materials used in this study. The findings offer useful information for the protection of archaeological pottery. The investigation indicated that nano Primal AC33 5%/MMT 3% nanocomposites gave the best results. Therefore, it is recommended to use this nanocomposite to consolidate archaeological pottery. As a result, the current work provides a promising first step in conserving archaeological pottery for future studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76162407","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coatings containing molybdenum trisulphide QDs to protect oil paintings against different environmental factors","authors":"Eslam M. Taha, M. Mohie, M. Korany, N. Aly, A. Ropy, M. Negem","doi":"10.1108/prt-03-2022-0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-03-2022-0028","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to investigate profoundly the protection of oil painting from deterioration using molybdenum trisulphide quantum dots (MoS3 QDs) against microbe, dirt accumulation and ultraviolet (UV) degradation.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The protection of painting against different deterioration factors necessitates the sustainable methods and advanced techniques. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy have been used to investigate the morphological structure of the painting and MoS3 QDs, respectively, and optical microscopy was used to examine antibacterial activity of MoS3 QDs towards different types of bacteria. To investigate the protection of painting against deterioration, the Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to investigate the paintings left in open air for a year. Chemical composition and crystal structure of MoS3 QDs have been studied using X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, respectively.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The addition of MoS3 nanoparticles into painted coatings enhances the durability of linseed oil-based paintings toward UV ageing regarding the change in colour which confirmed by FTIR analysis. The protection of oil painting opposed to various deterioration factors was developed by involving of MoS3 QDs in the coating of the painting. Antibacterial effect of MoS3 QDs was tested against different types of bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa confirming that the MoS3 QDs involved in the coatings of oil paintings produces a high protection layer for the paintings against several microbial attacks. In addition, coatings containing MoS3 QDs reduce the accumulation of dirt on oil paintings when subjected to open air for a year.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The novel MoS3 QDs was used to form a protective and transparent coating layer for the oil painting to overcome the deterioration, displays the promising protection and can be applied for different oil paintings.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77114642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synthesis, optical properties and DFT-TDDFT computational study of phenothiazine dye: donor-acceptor molecules","authors":"Fatimah A.M. Al-Zahrani","doi":"10.1108/prt-10-2022-0128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-10-2022-0128","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study aims to synthesize a novel donor–acceptor dye based on phenothiazine as a donor (D) and nonconjugated spacer was devised and synthesized by condensing of 2,2'-(1H-indene-1,3(2H)-diylidene) dimalononitrile with aldehyde and the practical synthesis methodology as given in Scheme 1.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The prepared phenothiazine dye was systematically experimentally and theoretically examined and characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H,13C NMR), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (IR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory DT-DFT calculations were implemented to determine the electronic properties of the new dye\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of the synthesized dye was investigated in a variety of solvents with varying polarities to demonstrate positive solvatochromism correlated with intramolecular charge transfer (ICT). The probe’s quantum yields (Фf) are experimentally measured in ethanol, and the Stokes shifts are found to be in the 4846–9430 cm−1 range.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The findings depicted that the novel (D-π-A) chromophores may act as a significant factor in the organic optoelectronics.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80548792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Durability and wettability of varnishes on the modified and aged surfaces of short rotation teak wood","authors":"E. Basri, Resa Martha, R. Damayanti, I. Rahayu, W. Darmawan, P. Gérardin","doi":"10.1108/prt-09-2022-0110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-09-2022-0110","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The surface characteristics of thermally and chemically modified wood, such as surface roughness, surface free energy (SFE) and wettability, are important properties that influence further manufacturing processes such as gluing and coating. The aim of this paper was to determine the influence of the surface roughness of thermally and chemically modified teak wood on their SFE, wettability and bonding quality for water-based acrylic and solvent-based alkyd varnishes. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated to give a valuable information for their further application.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The woods tested in this study were fast-growing teak woods that were prepared in untreated and treated with furfuryl alcohol (FA), glycerol maleic anhydride (GMA) and thermal. SFE values were calculated using the Rabel method. The wettability values were measured based on the contact angle between varnish liquids and wood surfaces using the sessile drop method, and the Shi and Gardner model model was used to evaluate the wettability of the varnishes on the wood surface. The bonding quality of the varnishes was measured using a cross-cut test based on ASTM 3359-17 standard. In addition, durability against subterranean termites in the field of these modified teak woods was also investigated according to ASTM D 1758-06.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results showed that furfurylated and GMA-thermal 220°C improved the durability of teak wood against termites. The furfurylated teak wood had the roughest surface with an arithmetic average roughness (Ra) value of 15.65 µm before aging and 27.11 µm after aging. The GMA-thermal 220°C treated teak wood was the smoothest surface with Ra value of 6.44 µm before aging and 13.75 µm after aging. Untreated teak wood had the highest SFE value of 46.90 and 57.37 mJ/m2 before and after aging, respectively. The K values of untreated and treated teak wood increased owing to the aging treatment. The K values for the water-based acrylic varnish were lower than that of the solvent-based alkyd varnish. The untreated teak wood with the highest SFE produced the highest bonding quality (grades 4–5) for both acrylic and alkyd varnishes. The solvent-based alkyd varnish was more wettable and generated better bonding quality than the water-based acrylic varnish.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The originality of this research work is that it provides evaluation values of the durability and SFE. The SFE value can be used to quantitatively determine the wettability of paint liquids on the surface of wood and its varnish bonding quality.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91404387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigation of deinking efficiencies of trigromi laserjet printed papers depending on the number of recycling","authors":"Ufuk Yilmaz","doi":"10.1108/prt-07-2022-0091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/prt-07-2022-0091","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to determine the ink removal efficiency of papers with different recycling numbers and to examine some electrophotographic printing properties.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The base papers prepared according to the INGEDE 11p standard are subjected to six recycling stages (RS) under equal conditions. The physical-optical properties of the papers obtained at the end of each RS are measured and CMYK (cyan, magenta, yellow, key) color measurement scales are printed on each paper with electrophotographic printing. Color measurements of the printed papers are measured using the X-Rite eXact spectrophotometer, adhering to the ISO 13655:2017 standard. According to the measurement results of the optical properties, the ink removal efficiency of each recycling step is determined as a percentage (%) using some formulas.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000As general, according to DEMLab and IERIC data, it is determined that the ink removal efficiency increased as the recycling repetition increased. In DEMf factor values, the highest deinking efficiency is obtained after the fourth RS. There is no significant difference between the printing properties of the samples.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000It has been a matter of curiosity that papers lose their properties after how many RS. Many studies have been carried out on this subject and it has been presented by experimental methods that the printability properties of papers increase or decrease after which RS. This study can be a pioneer for future studies.\u0000","PeriodicalId":20147,"journal":{"name":"Pigment & Resin Technology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90229876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}