Journal of Information Analysis最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Spatiotemporal Forest Cover Dynamics Using the CA-Markov Model in the Chuta Gorgis Forest between 1983 and 2050","authors":"Milkessa Dangia Nagasa, Birhanu Tadesa Edosa","doi":"10.53964/jia.2024009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2024009","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze spatio-temporal forest cover dynamics in the Chuta Gorgis forest in Gimbi District, Oromia Regional State, West Ethiopia over the last 40 years and predict future changes. Methods: Satellite image acquisition and field observation were employed as data collection techniques. Post-classification comparison change detection methods were utilized for forest cover change analysis. Landsat images from 1983, 1991, and 2023 were used to analyze forest cover changes and determine the types of land cover to which the forest changed. CA-Markov was employed to model future changes in forest cover. Results: The study revealed significant land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the study area, particularly in forest cover. From 1983 to 2023, the area experienced a decline in forest cover from 499 ha to 417 ha. Agricultural activity was identified as a major contributor to environmental pressure and forest cover change. This rapid alteration of forest cover led to various environmental issues, including soil erosion, loss of soil fertility, biodiversity loss, runoff, and flooding. The predicted forest cover change for the year 2050 indicates further decline, with forest cover diminishing to 386 ha. Conclusion: The findings underscore the urgent need for effective planning to protect the existing forest from further degradation. The study highlights the adverse impact of forest cover change on the livelihoods of the rural community in the study area, resulting in low agricultural productivity and socioeconomic challenges. Corrective measures, informed by the study’s findings, are recommended to mitigate the negative consequences of forest cover change and promote sustainable land management practices in the region.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":"69 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141653026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of the Interaction of Oceanic Cloudiness with the Upper Oceanic Stratum","authors":"Éric Zeltz","doi":"10.53964/jia.2024004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2024004","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This paper addressed the relationship between two physical quantities of interest in climatology: the thermal energy present in the upper ocean stratum (UOS) and the oceanic cloudiness (OC), i.e., the one located above oceans. Methods: The interplay between these physical quantities was pointed out by analyzing the time series of seasonal and diurnal anomalies of ocean's total cloud cover, and the anomalies of the thermal energy present in the UOS. We examined these time series to identify signals indicative of interactions between the UOS and OC. We then aimed to explain these interactions at a climatological level. Finally, for validation, we demonstrated that our explanations are consistent with a global climatological model that we developed. Results: It was demonstrated that in both cases, the time series could be described as a Markov-1 alternating type, exhibiting similar structures. This led to the conclusion that the OC served as a natural thermostat in relation to the thermal energy contained in the UOS. By using a simple mathematical model previously introduced in a recent paper by the author (2023) to account for the thermal exchanges between the troposphere and the UOS, we confirmed that the OC acted as a natural thermostat for the thermal energy in the UOS. This \"natural thermostat\" effect, incorporated in the model, resulted in simulations projecting significantly less warming by 2095 compared to those from most existing global climate models (GCMs). Conclusion: Methodologically, this paper confirmed the interest of using Markov chains to identify climatological interactions. The developed GCM, utilized for validating hypotheses explaining these interactions, proved simple and efficient for simulating key climatological parameters in the evolution of the global climate. On a strictly scientific level, the work's main contribution lies in providing a definitive answer about cloud cover feedback in global warming, establishing it as significantly negative.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140685996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Maternal Health Literacy of South Asian Newcomer Mothers and Canadian-born Mothers: A Narrative Inquiry Using Propositional Analysis","authors":"Dahlia Khajeei, Hannah T. Neufeld, L. Donelle, Samantha B. Meyer, Elena Neiterman, Jabeen Fayyaz, Megan Mack","doi":"10.53964/jia.2024003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2024003","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: First, this comparative analysis of comprehension aimed to guide care and assist with health education research and practice as indicated in mothers stories of learning. Second, this research aimed to determine the comprehension processes of participants by comparing and characterizing the quantity and quality of the concepts’ mothers use in their narratives. Maternal health literacy (MHL) allows mothers to apply health information across all healthcare settings to make decisions about their health. Comprehension and reasoning are essential MHL skills for applying health advice. Methods: Using narrative inquiry methodology and transformative learning theory as the lens, the comprehension processes of English-speaking South Asian Newcomer Mothers (SANMs) (n=7) were compared with those of English-speaking Canadian-born mothers (n=7). Through semi-structured interviews, the mothers discussed their comprehension of ultrasound examination preparation, health risk information, and shared decision making. Themes were identified using inductive thematic analysis, with two reviewers identifying latent themes concerning situational and sociocultural MHL practices. Then, excerpts were explicated using propositional analysis, which systematically identified the features of thought and behavior at an individual level, to identify semantic features of discourse comprehension as a form of methodological triangulation. Next, the narratives were quantified to identify latent patterns of comprehension processes, conceptual knowledge, and semantic discourse features. Results: The key findings indicated that mothers demonstrate MHL through reifying, posturing, and volition, and that all mothers engage in knowledge-building activities and experiential learning in their communities to learn relationally from each other. Conclusion: Ultimately, MHL empowers all mothers to become more engaged during medical appointments and in health decision making.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":"174 S404","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140730794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Tracking of Early COVID-19 Rumors and Sentiments in Africa","authors":"J. Ayodele, B. Djoudalbaye, Nekerwon Gweh","doi":"10.53964/jia.2023003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2023003","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing use of social media for discussing public health issues underscores the critical need for authorities to use digital tools for monitoring discussions and for risk communication during public health emergencies. Aim: This paper presents findings from the digital monitoring of discussions, rumors, and misinformation about COVID-19 by the Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) during the first few months of the pandemic using the digital rumor monitoring system. Methods: Africa CDC tracked rumors and misinformation about the COVID-19 pandemic using the digital rumor monitoring system from March to November 2020. Traditional media analysis was conducted using African media and human-curated aggregation of open-source content from various African sources. Social media analysis was conducted using geo-located African Twitter and Facebook sources, resulting in a set of content from the media. Results: Critical sentiments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic were observed in Africa between March and September 2020, which drove rumors, misinformation, criticisms, and resistance to response effort. Key among these were sentiments against government and health authorities, sentiments regarding the existence of COVID-19, sentiments towards alternative medicine or organic cure for COVID-19, sentiments against the strict prevention measures, sentiments regarding the use of hydroxychloroquine, and sentiments against the World Health Organization. Conclusion: These findings are of significance to public health authorities and decision-makers in Africa. As they focus on providing medical solutions through laboratory tests, treatment, and vaccination during public health emergencies, they need to invest in similar platforms to generate evidence for risk communication and community engagement. They should include digital monitoring of public health discussions as an essential part of public health response.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":"162 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125228893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Empirical Study on the Logarithmic Return of Securities","authors":"Xueping Liu, HaiHua Li, Yingying Cao, Xuege Han","doi":"10.53964/jia.2023002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2023002","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Previous studies have shown that the distribution of security returns has the characteristics of peak and fat tail, and it is not realistic to use logarithmic normal distribution to describe security returns. This paper mainly studies the specific form of security returns distribution and conducts empirical research. Methods: We first assume that the security returns follow a logarithmic t-distribution. Then, the maximum likelihood estimation and moment estimation are used to explore the degree of freedom of the distribution. Finally, the goodness of fit test is used to conduct an empirical analysis about Shanghai Securities Composite Index. Results: The specific expression formulas for the estimator of the degree of freedom are obtained. Empirical testing shows that the security returns follow a logarithmic t-distribution. Conclusion: The probability distribution of security returns is unrealistic to assume that the security returns follow the logarithmic normal distribution. It is more practical to use the logarithmic t-distribution to characterize the distribution of security returns. Our results provide theoretical assistance for exploring the pricing of financial derivatives.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126938064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Media Tracking of Early Sentiments about COVID-19 Vaccine in Africa","authors":"J. Ayodele, B. Djoudalbaye, Nekerwon Gweh","doi":"10.53964/jia.2023001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53964/jia.2023001","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Advances in digital technology have made real-time listening and analysis of traditional and social media discussions possible over a selected geographical area. However, the technology is currently not widely available to inform public health risk communication. Aim: This paper reports the use of digital rumor monitoring system to present major sentiments tracked by Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) over traditional and social media regarding the COVID-19 vaccine during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Rumors and misinformation about the COVID-19 vaccine were tracked by Africa CDC over the digital rumor monitoring system from March to November 2020. Traditional media analysis was conducted using African media and human-curated aggregation of open-source content from various African sources. Social media analysis was conducted using geo-located African Twitter and Facebook sources, resulting in a set of content from the media. Results: COVID-19 vaccine had the highest traction among COVID-19 rumors monitored in Africa between March and September 2020. Critical narratives were observed mainly in South Africa, Democratic Republic of Congo, Nigeria, and Kenya, where they undermined public views of the COVID-19 vaccine and the vaccine trials. Analysis shows underlying potential for vaccine acceptance is overshadowed by anti-vaccine rhetoric partly influenced by insufficient information about the vaccine in the public domain and the disapproval of “Western vaccine” by Africans. Conclusion: Realtime digital monitoring of rumors and misinformation about public health issues over social and traditional media is now possible. Health authorities and health institutions need transition to this real-time monitoring and build the capacity of their staff to use information from real-time analysis of rumors and misinformation for designing response. Larger scale investment in the technology is critical to make it available for wider use at the national and sub-national levels in Africa.","PeriodicalId":201398,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Information Analysis","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123415609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}