Photonics & Lasers in Medicine最新文献

{"title":"Techniques for fluorescence detection of protoporphyrin IX in skin cancers associated with photodynamic therapy.","authors":"Kishore R Rollakanti,&nbsp;Stephen C Kanick,&nbsp;Scott C Davis,&nbsp;Brian W Pogue,&nbsp;Edward V Maytin","doi":"10.1515/plm-2013-0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2013-0030","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality that uses a specific photosensitizing agent, molecular oxygen, and light of a particular wavelength to kill cells targeted by the therapy. Topically administered aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is widely used to effectively treat cancerous and precancerous skin lesions, resulting in targeted tissue damage and little to no scarring. The targeting aspect of the treatment arises from the fact that ALA is preferentially converted into protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in neoplastic cells. To monitor the amount of PpIX in tissues, techniques have been developed to measure PpIX-specific fluorescence, which provides information useful for monitoring the abundance and location of the photosensitizer before and during the illumination phase of PDT. This review summarizes the current state of these fluorescence detection techniques. Non-invasive devices are available for point measurements, or for wide-field optical imaging, to enable monitoring of PpIX in superficial tissues. To gain access to information at greater tissue depths, multi-modal techniques are being developed which combine fluorescent measurements with ultrasound or optical coherence tomography, or with microscopic techniques such as confocal or multiphoton approaches. The tools available at present, and newer devices under development, offer the promise of better enabling clinicians to inform and guide PDT treatment planning, thereby optimizing therapeutic outcomes for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plm-2013-0030","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"32983010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluorescence lifetime imaging with near-infrared dyes","authors":"W. Becker, V. Shcheslavskiy","doi":"10.1515/plm-2014-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2014-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Near-infrared (NIR) dyes are used as fluorescence markers in small animal imaging and in diffuse optical tomography. In these applications it is important to know whether the dyes bind to proteins or to other tissue constituents, and whether their fluorescence lifetimes depend on the targets they bind to. Unfortunately, neither the optical beam paths nor the detectors of commonly used in confocal and multiphoton laser scanning microscopes (LSMs) directly allow for excitation and detection of NIR fluorescence. This paper presents three ways of adapting existing LSMs with time-correlated single photon counting (TCSPC) fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) systems for NIR FLIM: 1) confocal systems with wideband beamsplitters and diode laser excitation, 2) confocal systems with wideband beamsplitters and one-photon excitation by titanium-sapphire lasers, and 3) two-photon systems with optical parametric oscillator (OPO) excitation and non-descanned detection. A number of NIR dyes are tested in biological tissue. All of them show clear lifetime changes depending on the tissue structures they are bound to. We therefore believe that NIR FLIM can deliver supplementary information about the tissue composition and on local biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88730421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) on muscle tissue: performance, fatigue and repair benefited by the power of light.","authors":"Cleber Ferraresi,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin,&nbsp;Nivaldo A Parizotto","doi":"10.1515/plm-2012-0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2012-0032","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The use of low level laser (light) therapy (LLLT) has recently expanded to cover areas of medicine that were not previously thought of as the usual applications such as wound healing and inflammatory orthopedic conditions. One of these novel application areas is LLLT for muscle fatigue and muscle injury. Since it is becoming agreed that mitochondria are the principal photoacceptors present inside cells, and it is known that muscle cells are exceptionally rich in mitochondria, this suggests that LLLT should be highly beneficial in muscle injuries. The ability of LLLT to stimulate stem cells and progenitor cells means that muscle satellite cells may respond well to LLLT and help muscle repair. Furthermore the ability of LLLT to reduce inflammation and lessen oxidative stress is also beneficial in cases of muscle fatigue and injury. This review covers the literature relating to LLLT and muscles in both preclinical animal experiments and human clinical studies. Athletes, people with injured muscles, and patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy may all benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plm-2012-0032","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31392541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Far infrared radiation (FIR): its biological effects and medical applications.","authors":"Fatma Vatansever,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin","doi":"10.1515/plm-2012-0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2012-0034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Far infrared (FIR) radiation (λ = 3-100 μm) is a subdivision of the electromagnetic spectrum that has been investigated for biological effects. The goal of this review is to cover the use of a further sub-division (3- 12 μm) of this waveband, that has been observed in both <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> studies, to stimulate cells and tissue, and is considered a promising treatment modality for certain medical conditions. Technological advances have provided new techniques for delivering FIR radiation to the human body. Specialty lamps and saunas, delivering pure FIR radiation (eliminating completely the near and mid infrared bands), have became safe, effective, and widely used sources to generate therapeutic effects. Fibers impregnated with FIR emitting ceramic nanoparticles and woven into fabrics, are being used as garments and wraps to generate FIR radiation, and attain health benefits from its effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plm-2012-0034","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31561989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low intensity laser therapy accelerates muscle regeneration in aged rats.","authors":"Fatma Vatansever,&nbsp;Natalia C Rodrigues,&nbsp;Livia L Assis,&nbsp;Sabrina S Peviani,&nbsp;Joao L Durigan,&nbsp;Fernando M A Moreira,&nbsp;Michael R Hamblin,&nbsp;Nivaldo A Parizotto","doi":"10.1515/plm-2012-0035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/plm-2012-0035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Elderly people suffer from skeletal muscle disorders that undermine their daily activity and quality of life; some of these problems can be listed as but not limited to: sarcopenia, changes in central and peripheral nervous system, blood hypoperfusion, regenerative changes contributing to atrophy, and muscle weakness. Determination, proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells in the regenerative process are regulated by specific transcription factors, known as myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs). In the elderly, the activation of MRFs is inefficient which hampers the regenerative process. Recent studies found that low intensity laser therapy (LILT) has a stimulatory effect in the muscle regeneration process. However, the effects of this therapy when associated with aging are still unknown.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate the effects of LILT (λ=830 nm) on the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of aged rats.</p><p><strong>Subjects and methods: </strong>The total of 56 male Wistar rats formed two population sets: old and young, with 28 animals in each set. Each of these sets were randomly divided into four groups of young rats (3 months of age) with n=7 per group and four groups of aged rats (10 months of age) with n=7 per group. These groups were submitted to cryoinjury + laser irradiation, cryoinjury only, laser irradiation only and the control group (no cryoinjury/no laser irradiation). The laser treatment was performed for 5 consecutive days. The first laser application was done 24 h after the injury (on day 2) and on the seventh day, the TA muscle was dissected and removed under anesthesia. After this the animals were euthanized. Histological analyses with toluidine blue as well as hematoxylin-eosin staining (for counting the blood capillaries) were performed for the lesion areas. In addition, MyoD and VEGF mRNA was assessed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results showed significant elevation (<i>p</i><0.05) in MyoD and VEGF genes expression levels. Moreover, capillary blood count was more prominent in elderly rats in laser irradiated groups when compared to young animals.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In conclusion, LILT increased the maturation of satellite cells into myoblasts and myotubes, enhancing the regenerative process of aged rats irradiated with laser.</p>","PeriodicalId":20126,"journal":{"name":"Photonics & Lasers in Medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1515/plm-2012-0035","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"31494306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}