Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182582

Yue Yu, Jianfeng Yang, Jian Zhang, Loren H. Rieseberg, Jun Zhao

{"title":"Genomic Insights into Disease Resistance in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus): Identifying Key Regions and Candidate Genes for Verticillium dahliae Resistance","authors":"Yue Yu, Jianfeng Yang, Jian Zhang, Loren H. Rieseberg, Jun Zhao","doi":"10.3390/plants13182582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182582","url":null,"abstract":"Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) is a globally significant field crop, and disease resistance is crucial for ensuring yield stability and crop quality. Verticillium dahliae is a notorious soilborne pathogen that causes Verticillium Wilt (VW) and threatens sunflower production worldwide. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive assessment of sunflower resistance to V. dahliae across 231 sunflower cultivar lines, from the Sunflower Association Mapping (SAM) population. We employed EMMAX and ridge regression best linear unbiased prediction (rrBLUP) and identified 148 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and 23 putative genes associated with V. dahliae resistance, including receptor like kinases, cell wall modification, transcriptional regulation, plant stress signalling and defense regulation genes. Our enrichment and quantitative real-time PCR validation results highlight the importance of membrane vesicle trafficking in the sunflower immune system for efficient signaling and defense upon activation by V. dahliae. This study also reveals the polygenic architecture of V. dahliae resistance in sunflowers and provides insights for breeding sunflower cultivars resistant to VW. This research contributes to ongoing efforts to enhance crop resilience and reduce yield losses due to VW, ultimately benefiting sunflower growers and the agricultural sector.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Economic Evaluation of Conservation through Use of an Araucaria angustifolia Provenance and Progeny Test 通过使用 Araucaria angustifolia 原产地和后代测试对保护工作进行经济评估

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182580

José Arimatéia Rabelo Machado, Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas, Daniela Ivana Paiva, Bruno Marchetti de Souza, Valderês Aparecida De Sousa, Karina Martins, Edilson Batista Oliveira, Ananda Virginia De Aguiar

{"title":"Economic Evaluation of Conservation through Use of an Araucaria angustifolia Provenance and Progeny Test","authors":"José Arimatéia Rabelo Machado, Miguel Luiz Menezes Freitas, Daniela Ivana Paiva, Bruno Marchetti de Souza, Valderês Aparecida De Sousa, Karina Martins, Edilson Batista Oliveira, Ananda Virginia De Aguiar","doi":"10.3390/plants13182580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182580","url":null,"abstract":"Araucaria angustifolia is a species known for its valuable wood and nuts, but it is threatened with extinction. The plantation of forests for genetic resource conservation is a complementary strategy designed to reduce the species’ genetic variability loss. This study aimed to evaluate the technical and economic viability of A. angustifolia for genetic conservation through use. The analyzed provenance and progeny trial was established in 1982 in Itapeva, Brazil. It was structured using a compact family blocks design with 110 open-pollinated progenies from five natural populations, three replicates, ten plants per subplot, and 3.0 m × 2.0 m spacing. After 33 years, the trial was evaluated for total height, diameter at breast height, wood volume, and survival. The variance components and genetic parameter estimates were performed using Restricted Maximum Likelihood/Best Linear Unbiased Prediction methods (REML/BLUP) methods with the Selegen software (version 2014). The production and management scenarios were obtained using the SisAraucaria software (version 2003). Sensitivity analysis and economic parameter estimates were obtained through various economic evaluation methods using the Planin software (version 1995). In general, the genetic parameters indicated that the population has enough variability for both conservation and breeding purposes, suggesting technical viability for the establishment of a seed orchard. The economic parameters indicated that the commercialization of wood and araucaria nuts proved to be more profitable than wood production by itself. In conclusion, araucaria genetic conservation through use is a technically and economically viable ex situ conservation strategy.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142261602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Advances in Cotton Genomics, Genetics and Breeding 棉花基因组学、遗传学和育种学的进展

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-14 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182579

Tianxu Zhang, Shuhui Wang, Jinhong Chen, Shuijin Zhu, Qianhao Zhu, Tianlun Zhao

引用次数: 0

Production of Terpene Trilactones from Cell and Organ Cultures of Ginkgo biloba 利用银杏细胞和器官培养物生产萜烯三内酯

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182575

Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Guggalada Govardhana Yadav, Kee Yoeup Paek, So-Young Park

{"title":"Production of Terpene Trilactones from Cell and Organ Cultures of Ginkgo biloba","authors":"Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy, Guggalada Govardhana Yadav, Kee Yoeup Paek, So-Young Park","doi":"10.3390/plants13182575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182575","url":null,"abstract":"Ginkgo biloba is an ancient plant that has survived up until the present day. Gingko biloba is a rich source of valuable secondary metabolites, particularly terpene trilactones (TTLs) such as ginkgolides and bilobalides, which are obtained from the leaves and seeds of the plant. TTLs have pharmacological properties, including anticancer, anti-dementia, antidepressant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, antiplatelet, immunomodulatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, ginkgo is a very-slow-growing tree that takes approximately 30 years to reach maturity. In addition, the accumulation of TTLs in these plants is affected by age, sex, and seasonal and geographical variations. Therefore, plant cell cultures have been established in ginkgo to produce TTLs. Extensive investigations have been conducted to optimize the culture media, growth regulators, nutrients, immobilization, elicitation, and precursor-feeding strategies for the production of TTLs in vitro. In addition, metabolic engineering and synthetic biology methods have been used for the heterologous production of TTLs. In this review, we present the research strategies applied to cell cultures for the production of TTLs.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Introduced Herbivores Threaten the Conservation Genetics of Two Critically Endangered Single-Island Endemics, Crambe sventenii and Pleudia herbanica 外来食草动物威胁到两种极度濒危的单岛特有物种--文竹和箭竹--的保护遗传学

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182573

Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Sonia Sarmiento Cabello, Stephan Scholz, Leticia Curbelo, Pedro A. Sosa

{"title":"Introduced Herbivores Threaten the Conservation Genetics of Two Critically Endangered Single-Island Endemics, Crambe sventenii and Pleudia herbanica","authors":"Priscila Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Sonia Sarmiento Cabello, Stephan Scholz, Leticia Curbelo, Pedro A. Sosa","doi":"10.3390/plants13182573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182573","url":null,"abstract":"Crambe sventenii Pett. ex Bramwell & Sunding and Pleudia herbanica (A.Santos & M.Fernández) M.Will, N.Schmalz & Class.-Bockh. are two single-island endemic species from Fuerteventura (Canary Islands), inhabiting the same areas and similar habitats. They are under the “Critically Endangered” category due to historical herbivore pressure, mainly goats, leading to habitat fragmentation and poor population recruitment. The main aim of our study was to provide insights into the conservation genetics and habitat suitability of these two species. For this purpose, we sampled all known populations on the island and developed two new sets of microsatellite markers. Moreover, to assist restoration plans, we performed species distribution models to determine the most suitable areas for reintroduction. While Crambe sventenii is highly fragmented, with low genetic diversity indices in some populations, Pleudia herbanica’s genetic structure is quite homogeneous, grouped in three main regions, with signs of inbreeding and an overall low genetic diversity. Both species could present moderate to high levels of autogamy. Our findings can provide guidance to local governments regarding conservation actions to be implemented in the field, like the identification of propagule sources and new suitable areas for restoration.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cryopreservation of Medicinal Plant Seeds: Strategies for Genetic Diversity Conservation and Sustainability 药用植物种子的低温保存：遗传多样性保护和可持续性战略

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182577

Lin Zeng, Zheng Sun, Li Fu, Yakun Gu, Rongtao Li, Mingjun He, Jianhe Wei

{"title":"Cryopreservation of Medicinal Plant Seeds: Strategies for Genetic Diversity Conservation and Sustainability","authors":"Lin Zeng, Zheng Sun, Li Fu, Yakun Gu, Rongtao Li, Mingjun He, Jianhe Wei","doi":"10.3390/plants13182577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182577","url":null,"abstract":"The depletion of medicinal plant resources leads to the irreversible loss of their genetic diversity. The preservation of medicinal plant germplasm using cryobanks is crucial for maintaining the sustainability of these resources. This study examined the efficacy of cryopreservation on 164 medicinal plant seeds, identified general principles for preserving medicinal plant seeds at ultra-low temperatures, and established a cryobank for dry-sensitive medicinal plant seeds. Over 90% of orthodox seeds were unaffected by freezing, with optimal conditions being a 5–10% moisture content and direct freezing. Intermediate seeds were best frozen with a 7–15% moisture content, and those with a lower initial moisture content were best suited to direct freezing. While recalcitrant seeds’ freezing was most influenced by moisture content, there was no specific range. Direct freezing is appropriate for recalcitrant seeds possessing a hard seed coat and a firm seed kernel, whereas seeds with a brittle or soft seed coat are better suited for vitrification or stepwise freezing methods. There was no significant correlation between alterations in physiological and biochemical indicators and microscopic structures of seeds before and following liquid nitrogen freezing, as well as their storage characteristics. The findings of this research offer evidence in favor of the extended conservation of plant seeds and the extensive utilization of ultra-low temperature technology and provides an example of protecting the genetic diversity of plant resources.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Morphological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Involvement of Key Metabolic Pathways in Male Sterility in Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Genotypes 形态学和转录组分析揭示了 Chimonanthus praecox (L.) 基因型雄性不育的关键代谢途径的参与情况

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182571

Bin Liu, Huafeng Wu, Yinzhu Cao, Xiaowen Zheng, Haoxiang Zhu, Shunzhao Sui

{"title":"Morphological and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Involvement of Key Metabolic Pathways in Male Sterility in Chimonanthus praecox (L.) Genotypes","authors":"Bin Liu, Huafeng Wu, Yinzhu Cao, Xiaowen Zheng, Haoxiang Zhu, Shunzhao Sui","doi":"10.3390/plants13182571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182571","url":null,"abstract":"Chimonanthus praecox (Calycanthaceae family) is a unique ornamental and economic flowering tree in China, and after thousands of years of cultivation, it has produced several varieties and varietal types. Notably, male sterility is common in flowering plants and is an important tool for the genetic improvement in plants and optimization using hybrid plant technology; however, there have been no reports on male-sterile material or related studies on C. praecox. To our knowledge, this is the first time that C. praecox male sterility is dissected unveiling the involvement of key metabolic pathways. Notably, male sterility in C. praecox was observed during the budding period and likely occurred during the premature stage of pollen cell maturation. Additionally, differentially expressed genes in the starch and sucrose metabolism pathway and the plant hormone signal transduction pathway showed regular expression trends. This study reports on significant genetic differences that contribute to male sterility in C. praecox and provides a basis for further research and breeding strategies.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatial Analysis of the Ecogeographic Diversity of Wild Creeping Cucumber (Melothria pendula L.) for In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation in Mexico 墨西哥野生爬行黄瓜（Melothria pendula L.）生态地理多样性的空间分析，以促进原地和异地保护

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182572

Rosalinda González-Santos, Luis Hernández-Sandoval, Mauricio Parra-Quijano

{"title":"Spatial Analysis of the Ecogeographic Diversity of Wild Creeping Cucumber (Melothria pendula L.) for In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation in Mexico","authors":"Rosalinda González-Santos, Luis Hernández-Sandoval, Mauricio Parra-Quijano","doi":"10.3390/plants13182572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182572","url":null,"abstract":"Melothria pendula L., a wild relative of cucurbit crops, is also used for food and as a medicinal plant in Mexico. The objective of this study was to ecogeographically characterize the known populations of M. pendula in Mexico, determining its adaptive range and possible sites for in situ and ex situ conservation. To achieve this goal, we compiled a dataset of 1270 occurrences of M. pendula from herbarium and botanical databases and individual observations. Adaptive scenarios were generated through the development of an ecogeographic land characterization (ELC) map, preceded by the identification of abiotic variables influencing the species’ distribution. Eleven bioclimatic, edaphic, and geophysical variables were found to be important for the species’ distribution. The ELC map obtained contained 21 ecogeographic categories, with 14 exhibiting the presence of M. pendula. By analyzing ecogeographic representativeness, 111 sites of high interest were selected for the efficient collection of M. pendula in Mexico. Eight high-priority hotspots for future in situ conservation of M. pendula were also identified based on their high ecogeographic diversity, with only three of these hotspots located within protected natural areas. In this study, ecogeographic approaches show their potential utility in conservation prioritization when genetic data are scarce, a very common condition in crop wild relatives.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Evolution and Functional Dynamics of TCP Transcription Factor Gene Family in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) 西番莲 TCP 转录因子基因家族的进化和功能动态

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182568

Munsif Ali Shad, Songguo Wu, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Xiaoying Luo, Xiaojin Huang, Yuxin Wu, Yuhong Zhou, Lingqiang Wang, Chongjian Ma, Lihua Hu

{"title":"Evolution and Functional Dynamics of TCP Transcription Factor Gene Family in Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis)","authors":"Munsif Ali Shad, Songguo Wu, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Xiaoying Luo, Xiaojin Huang, Yuxin Wu, Yuhong Zhou, Lingqiang Wang, Chongjian Ma, Lihua Hu","doi":"10.3390/plants13182568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182568","url":null,"abstract":"Passion fruit is a valued tropical fruit crop that faces environment-related growth strains. TCP genes are important for both growth modulation and stress prevention in plants. Herein, we systematically analyzed the TCP gene family in passion fruit, recognizing 30 members. Genes exhibiting closer phylogenetic relationships exhibited similar protein and gene structures. Gene members of the TCP family showed developmental-stage- or tissue-specific expression profiles during the passion fruit life cycle. Transcriptome data also demonstrated that many PeTCPs showed induced expression in response to hormonal treatments and cold, heat, and salt stress. Based on transcriptomics data, eight candidate genes were chosen for preferential gene expression confirmation under cold stress conditions. The qRT-PCR assays suggested PeTCP15/16/17/19/23 upregulation, while PeTCP1/11/25 downregulation after cold stress. Additionally, TCP19/20/29/30 exhibited in silico binding with cold-stress-related miRNA319s. GFP subcellular localization assays exhibited PeTCP19/1 were localized at the nucleus. This study will aid in the establishment of novel germplasm, as well as the further investigation of the roles of PeTCPs and their cold stress resistance characteristics.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Comparative Metabolomic Responses of Three Rhododendron Cultivars to the Azalea Lace Bug (Stephanitis pyrioides) 三种杜鹃花栽培品种对杜鹃花蕾丝蝽（Stephanitis pyrioides）的代谢组反应比较

Plants Pub Date : 2024-09-13 DOI: 10.3390/plants13182569

Bei He, Yuan Zhou, Yu Peng, Dongyun Xu, Jun Tong, Yanfang Dong, Linchuan Fang, Jing Mao

{"title":"Comparative Metabolomic Responses of Three Rhododendron Cultivars to the Azalea Lace Bug (Stephanitis pyrioides)","authors":"Bei He, Yuan Zhou, Yu Peng, Dongyun Xu, Jun Tong, Yanfang Dong, Linchuan Fang, Jing Mao","doi":"10.3390/plants13182569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/plants13182569","url":null,"abstract":"Rhododendron, with its high ornamental value and ecological benefits, is severely impacted by the azalea lace bug (Stephanitis pyrioides), one of its primary pests. This study utilized three Rhododendron cultivars, ‘Zihe’, ‘Yanzhimi’, and ‘Taile’, to conduct a non-targeted metabolomic analysis of leaf samples before and after azalea lace bug stress using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME/GCMS) and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS). A total of 81 volatile metabolites across 11 categories and 448 nonvolatile metabolites across 55 categories were detected. Significant differences in metabolic profiles were observed among the different cultivars after pest stress. A total of 47 volatile compounds and 49 nonvolatile metabolites were upregulated in the most susceptible cultivar ‘Zihe’, including terpenes, alcohols, nucleotides, amino acids, and carbohydrates, which are involved in energy production and secondary metabolism. Conversely, ‘Yanzhimi’ showed a downtrend in both the differential volatiles and metabolites related to purine metabolism and zeatin biosynthesis under pest stress. The resistant cultivar ‘Taile’ exhibited moderate changes, with 17 volatile compounds and 17 nonvolatile compounds being upregulated and enriched in the biosynthesis of amino acids, pentose, glucuronate interconversions, carbon metabolism, etc. The phenylalanine metabolic pathway played an important role in the pest resistance of different susceptible cultivars, and relevant metabolites such as phenylethyl alcohol, methyl salicylate, and apigenin may be involved in the plant’s resistance response. The results of this study provide a new perspective on the metabolomics of Rhododendron–insect interactions and offer references for the development of pest control strategies.","PeriodicalId":20103,"journal":{"name":"Plants","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142221133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

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