Nora Statle Løndal, Udo Eckstein, Kyle G. Webber, Tor Grande
{"title":"Dielectric anomalies in solid solutions of tetragonal tungsten bronze barium sodium niobate‒potassium bismuth niobate","authors":"Nora Statle Løndal, Udo Eckstein, Kyle G. Webber, Tor Grande","doi":"10.1111/jace.70189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70189","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The crystal structure as well as the dielectric and ferroelectric properties of the tetragonal tungsten bronze (TTB) system (1 ‒ <i>x</i>)Ba<sub>4</sub>Na<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>10</sub>O<sub>30</sub>‒<i>x</i>K<sub>4</sub>Bi<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>10</sub>O<sub>30</sub> (<i>x</i>KBiN) remain not fully understood due to the several phase transitions, and the observed transition from ferroelectric to diffuse dielectric behavior with increasing KBiN content. Here, we report an extended study of the dielectric response at temperatures from ‒150°C to 700°C under various atmospheric conditions for <i>x</i>KBiN (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.20, 0.30, 0.35, and 0.40), which revealed a decrease in the peak permittivity with increasing KBiN content, consistent with previous reports. Permittivity maxima were observed at 580°C, 360°C, 270°C, and 190°C for BNN, 0.20KBiN, 0.30KBiN, and 0.35KBiN, respectively. Dielectric measurements showed that the peak permittivity for 0.40KBiN was either observed at 130°C or as a diffuse response closer to room temperature. Moreover, dielectric phenomenon related to the presence of moisture at the surface was detected. Dielectric permittivity measurements under dry conditions were conducted, revealing another dielectric phenomenon previously reported for other TTBs. This dielectric phenomenon is discussed in terms of a recent study on the origin of a dielectric anomaly in Sr<sub>4</sub>Na<sub>2</sub>Nb<sub>10</sub>O<sub>30</sub>. A signature of the ferroelastic transition exhibited in BNN and 0.20KBiN was also detected in dry conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Adhora Tahsin, Ishrat Baki Borno, Taehwan Kim, Warda Ashraf
{"title":"Understanding of alkali–silica reaction in lime-pozzolana mortar incorporating pumice and borosilicate","authors":"Adhora Tahsin, Ishrat Baki Borno, Taehwan Kim, Warda Ashraf","doi":"10.1111/jace.70168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70168","url":null,"abstract":"<p>To assess the efficacy of lime-calcined clay binder in mitigating alkali–silica reaction (ASR) deterioration, this study identifies potential reaction product formation mechanisms in 2-year-old alkaline solution-exposed mortar bars using X-ray diffraction, micro-computed tomography, scanning electron microscopy, and evaluates their influence on mortar performance. The bar samples exhibit only 0.02% ASR-induced expansion, ascribed to the high alumina incorporation from the binder matrix into the initially formed sodium silicate hydrate (N-S-H) gel, enhancing silica polymerization and eventually forming zeolites such as phillipsite and chabazite. These zeolites, with a (Na+K)/Si ratio of 0.2–0.5, can uptake alkali, thus reducing their availability for further reactions. The crystalline ASR product Na-shlykovite is also observed, coexisting with the zeolites and forming at their core. Additionally, pumice inclusion in the binder enhances its ASR mitigation capability by supplying additional alumina and accommodating reaction products within its internal voids, thereby preventing the propagation of shrinkage cracks into the binder matrix. Consequently, including pumice with borosilicate in lime-calcined clay mortar increased its compressive strength by 52% compared with using only borosilicate under prolonged alkaline conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jace.70168","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shirui Li, Wenhan Han, Min Gong, Kailei Lu, Fangyu Yi, Junyao Guo, Puchun Wei, Yao Ma, Yucheng Ye, Jianqi Qi
{"title":"Ultrawide bandgap Sm-based zirconate transparent dielectrics: Phase evolution-driven optical and dielectric enhancement","authors":"Shirui Li, Wenhan Han, Min Gong, Kailei Lu, Fangyu Yi, Junyao Guo, Puchun Wei, Yao Ma, Yucheng Ye, Jianqi Qi","doi":"10.1111/jace.70188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70188","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Ultrawide bandgap (UWBG) materials are recognized for their high thermal stability, high breakdown voltages, and transparency, which make them ideal for a variety of optical and electronic devices. This study investigates the phase evolution and its effects on the optical and dielectric properties of samarium-based zirconate (Sm<sub>2</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O₇) transparent dielectric ceramics, with a focus on their potential for advanced optoelectronic applications. The A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O₇ structure of samarium-based zirconates provides key advantages, including high mechanical stability, tunable optical transparency, and enhanced dielectric performance. Through systematic experimental analysis, we explore how A-site substitution induces phase evolution from defective fluorite to pyrochlore and influences both the optical transparency and dielectric properties. The bandgap of prepared ceramic achieved up to 4.4 eV with high dielectric constant (25.5) and low dielectric loss (0.4). The results demonstrate that controlled phase changes significantly enhance the material's dielectric characteristics, making samarium-based zirconates suitable for applications in transparent capacitors and radiation sensors. Our finding provides valuable insights into the design and optimization of bulk transparent UWBG materials, promoting their use in next-generation optoelectronic devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pengze Yang, Lijun Xiong, Guoqiang Wen, Lixia Yang, Zhaofeng Chen, Kai Liu, Ce Sun, Xiguang Gao, Yingdong Song
{"title":"Improving mechanical properties of selective laser sintering-printed SiC/Si composites via microspheres with trimodal grains","authors":"Pengze Yang, Lijun Xiong, Guoqiang Wen, Lixia Yang, Zhaofeng Chen, Kai Liu, Ce Sun, Xiguang Gao, Yingdong Song","doi":"10.1111/jace.70169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70169","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The dense SiC microspheres with trimodal grains were prepared via electrostatic spraying combined with phase inversion (ES-PI), using SiC particles with original particle sizes of 0.8, 5, 10, 20, and 30 µm. High-performance SiC/Si composites were then fabricated by combining polymer infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) and liquid silicon infiltration (LSI) with selective laser sintering (SLS). The effects of different particle size gradations on the pore structure of ES-PI SiC microspheres, as well as the phase composition, microstructure, and mechanical properties of SiC/Si composites, were systematically investigated. For comparison, commercial SiC particles (∼40 µm) were also used to prepare SiC/Si composites under the same conditions. The results revealed that compared to commercial SiC particles, the SiC microspheres exhibited superior sphericity and flowability. Furthermore, the mechanical properties of SiC/Si composites prepared with SiC microspheres were significantly improved, compared to SiC/Si composites fabricated using commercial SiC particles. The flexural strength and fracture toughness of the material. The flexural strength increased by approximately 26.06%, and the fracture toughness improved by about 11.25%.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A/B-site co-doping strategy driven two-phase proportional equilibrium to optimize energy storage property in Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3","authors":"Zihan Ruan, Bing Li, Jingsong Liu","doi":"10.1111/jace.70132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70132","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Lead-free perovskite ceramics have emerged as promising candidates for energy storage applications due to their excellent dielectric properties and environmental compatibility. Among them, Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNT)-based ceramics stand out for large spontaneous polarization (<i>P</i><sub>S</sub>) and high Curie temperature (<i>T</i><sub>C</sub>). However, practical applications of BNT are hindered by challenges such as high dielectric loss and low breakdown electric field strength, which limit their energy storage capabilities. To address the limitations, this work proposes a second component solid solution and dual-site doping strategy with Ca<sup>2+</sup> substitution at the A-site and Hf<sup>4+</sup> substitution at the B-site, then the 0.65(Bi<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Ca<i><sub>x</sub></i>Hf<i><sub>y</sub></i>Ti<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>y</sub></i>O<sub>3</sub>-0.35Sr<sub>0.7</sub>Bi<sub>0.2</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> (BNC<i><sub>x</sub></i>H<i><sub>y</sub></i>T-SBT, <i>x, y</i> = 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, 0.09) ceramics were designed and synthesized. At the optimized composition (<i>x, y</i> = 0.07), BNC<sub>0.07</sub>H<sub>0.07</sub>T-SBT ceramic exhibits a recoverable energy density of 3.45 J/cm<sup>3</sup> under 250 kV/cm electric field, representing more than 30% enhancement in recoverable energy density compared to the undoped BNT–SBT, with an energy efficiency of 83%. Multi-level microstructure characterization and analysis indicates that Ca<sup>2+</sup>/Hf<sup>4+</sup> co-doping stabilizes the TiO<sub>6</sub> octahedral structure, refines grain size and promotes nano-domains formation. In addition, BNC<sub>0.07</sub>H<sub>0.07</sub>T-SBT ceramic achieves a balanced coexistence of <i>P</i>4bm and <i>R</i>3c phases, significantly enhancing polarization dynamics and relaxor behavior, thereby maximizing energy storage performance. This work provides critical insights into phase engineering and offers a viable strategy for developing high-performance energy storage ceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"High-performance hybrid supercapacitor using NiFe2O4/rGO/polypyrrole ternary composite derived from Prussian blue analogs","authors":"Md Kasif, Mayanmi Zimik, Saddam Hussain, Meghali Devi, Ranjith Thangavel","doi":"10.1111/jace.70181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70181","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The pursuit of energy storage devices with high power and energy density has driven significant advancements in supercapacitor electrode materials. This study develops a ternary NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO/PPy composite derived from Prussian blue analogs to enhance both the energy density and electrochemical stability of supercapacitors. The incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and polypropylene (PPy) significantly improves conductivity and electron transport pathways in NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>. The ternary NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO/PPy nanocomposite exhibited a gravimetric capacitance of 385 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 0.5 A g<sup>−1</sup> in 1 M Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>, five times higher than that of pristine NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> under the same three-electrode configuration. An asymmetric hybrid supercapacitor fabricated with NiFe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/rGO/PPy and activated carbon electrodes achieved a high energy density of 29.2 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 400 W kg<sup>−1</sup> (based on the mass of both electrodes). The supercapacitor also exhibited excellent cycling stability, retaining ∼80% of its initial capacitance after 3000 cycles when cycled at 2 A g<sup>−1</sup>. These findings demonstrate the potential of this strategy to enable advanced energy storage solutions.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stephanie L. Chua, Haira G. Hackbarth, James F. Ponder Jr., Nicholas D. Posey, Yuwei Yang, Pierre-Olivier Autran, Matthew B. Dickerson, Timothy L. Pruyn, Nicholas M. Bedford
{"title":"Atomic-scale structure elucidation of refractory metal carbides derived from metallocene-based preceramics","authors":"Stephanie L. Chua, Haira G. Hackbarth, James F. Ponder Jr., Nicholas D. Posey, Yuwei Yang, Pierre-Olivier Autran, Matthew B. Dickerson, Timothy L. Pruyn, Nicholas M. Bedford","doi":"10.1111/jace.70178","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70178","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Polymer-derived ceramics (PDCs) are becoming an alluring class of materials that can incorporate the ceramic chemistries found in ultra-high-temperature ceramics, such as Ti, Zr, and Hf carbides. The use of polymeric materials intrinsically enables processing techniques with a higher degree of complexity in a more straightforward fashion, such as three-dimensional printing. In this contribution, a series of click-derived preceramic polymers (PCPs) was synthesized using azide-modified metallocene monomers and an alkynyl-modified aromatic monomer, with Ti, Zr, and/or Hf serving as the metals of interest. PDCs were generated via pyrolysis at 800, 1100, and 1500°C and thoroughly examined using a range of synchrotron-based scattering and spectroscopy techniques to better couple atomic-scale structure back to precursor chemistry and pyrolysis conditions. Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulations were implemented to model synchrotron datasets for the extraction of structural metrics, such as local coordination numbers (CNs) and bond angle distributions. Heterogeneous RMC approaches were also used to better reflect the multi-phase structure found in these materials. In addition to examining single metal PDCs, the click chemistry approach implemented here enables the ready inclusion of different metallocene monomers, wherein TiZrHf PDCs were synthesized and further examined to determine the structural evolution of these materials. Overall, our work showcases a pathway for accessing atomic-scale structure in these emergent materials, providing the ability to assess structure-property relationships for future materials development.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ceramics.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jace.70178","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ultra-uniform nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite ceramics via two-step sintering and quenching","authors":"Tinghan He, Ruitao Hu, Hao Shi, Qipeng Li, Yuyi Wang, Cong Feng, Yumei Xiao, Ye Wang, Xiangfeng Li, Xiangdong Zhu, Xingdong Zhang","doi":"10.1111/jace.70155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70155","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The enhancement of the mechanical properties of hydroxyapatite (HA) bioceramics constitutes a significant research focus in the biomedical field. The present study is dedicated to the preparation of ultra-uniform nanocrystalline HA bioceramics and their influence on the mechanical properties and biological performances. First, HA powder with a uniform dispersion was fabricated through a sequential process encompassing low-temperature pre-sintering, ball milling, and gradient centrifugation. Subsequently, the green body underwent the two-step sintering and the quenching process to enhance the density and mechanical strength. The nanoceramics displayed excellent hydrophilicity and increased roughness. The nanoindentation tests revealed that the nanoceramics did not undergo any elastic-plastic deformation, and there was no indentation size effect phenomenon. In vitro biological performances suggested that the nanoceramics have the potential to facilitate osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, it can be concluded that the construction of ultra-uniform nanocrystalline is an effective approach to improve the mechanical and biological properties of HA bioceramics.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruixin Li, Xiaoya Bai, Feiyu Qin, Xin Jin, Yuanbin Qin, Xiangdong Ding, Lei Hu
{"title":"Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermoelectric properties of vacancy-doped praseodymium sulfide","authors":"Ruixin Li, Xiaoya Bai, Feiyu Qin, Xin Jin, Yuanbin Qin, Xiangdong Ding, Lei Hu","doi":"10.1111/jace.70171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70171","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermoelectric materials emerge as a promising avenue for inter-quality energy transformation, specifically harnessing waste heat into electrical energy. Herein, we present a novel rare-earth-based thermoelectric compound, Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> (<i>x</i> = 0.04, 0.06, and 0.08). The joint analysis of X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure spectra (XAFS) is performed on the crystallographic structure and to decipher the coordination environment of the nearest neighboring Pr–S atomic pairs. Furthermore, multiple scattering ascertains the three main features of the Pr <i>L<sub>3</sub></i>-edge XAFS in Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3</sub>. The electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> could be adjusted by changing the anion vacancy. A reasonable peak power factor of 2.49 µW/cm/K<sup>2</sup> is achieved at 623 K for Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> (<i>x</i> = 0.04). Band structure calculations reveal the Γ point of the Brillouin zone in the conduction band region, featuring a single dispersive band. Meanwhile, the valence band exhibits the convergence of multiple bands, implying that it has greater potential in p-type TE semiconductors. Additionally, the mechanical properties of Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> were investigated by the hardness testing and sound velocity measurement. This comprehensive study on the Pr<sub>2</sub>S<sub>3−</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> material system represents a significant step forward in expediting the development of innovative thermoelectric materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Effect of TiO2 addition on the dissolution of MgO·Al2O3 inclusions in TiO2-bearing ladle slags","authors":"Guangyu Hao, Zhiyin Deng, Miaoyong Zhu","doi":"10.1111/jace.70182","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/jace.70182","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In order to clarify the removal behaviors of inclusions, the dissolution of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions in CaO–SiO<sub>2</sub>–MgO–Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>–(0–10%)TiO<sub>2</sub> slags was observed in situ at 1450°C–1500°C by confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), and the slag-inclusion interfacial reaction was investigated by the scanning electron microscope (SEM). It was found that the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> in the slags may change the dissolution mechanism of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions, and the dissolution was controlled by diffusion in the boundary layer or in slag with a diffusion coefficient ranging from 2.38 × 10<sup>−9</sup> to 7.35 × 10<sup>−9</sup> m<sup>2</sup>·s<sup>−1</sup>. Besides, the addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> slightly changed the solubility of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> in the slags, but its impact on slag properties played a more profound role in the dissolution of the inclusions. An appropriate addition of TiO<sub>2</sub> (e.g., 5%) helped the dissolution due to the lower viscosity and melting point of the slag, while an excessive TiO<sub>2</sub> content (e.g., 10%) showed an opposite effect. The dissolution rates of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions were smaller than that of Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> inclusions. The lower chemical driving force of MgO·Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and the precipitated MgO particles near the inclusion-slag boundary were the main reasons to result in the lower mass transfer rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":200,"journal":{"name":"Journal of the American Ceramic Society","volume":"108 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145196636","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}