Physica Scripta最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced lightweight encryption algorithm based on chaotic systems","authors":"Ali Abdelli, Wajih El Hadj Youssef, Lazhar Khriji and Mohsen Machhout","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad75c5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad75c5","url":null,"abstract":"In order to improve security and efficiency, this study presents a novel lightweight encryption technique that makes use of chaotic systems. Our method creatively combines the new chaotic KLEIN_64 algorithm with the Keccak-256 hash function, offering a solid basis for producing initial values essential for causing chaotic maps during the encryption process. After a deep validation with rigorous NIST testing, our chaotic pseudo random generator, LAC, exhibits excellent reliability and cryptographic robustness. Furthermore, the complexity of the cryptographic round function is improved by incorporating a second chaotic pseudo random generator that combines chaotic LFSR and Skew Tent Maps, thereby fortifying security measures.Designed with resource-limited applications in mind, our approach ensures that the cryptosystem remains both lightweight and efficient, meeting the stringent constraints typical of such environments. The practical feasibility and performance of our approach are extensively evaluated through FPGA implementation on the Zybo 7Z010 platform. Our implementation achieves a remarkable throughput of 2.820 Gbps while maintaining optimal resource utilization and efficiency. Extensive experimental results confirm the superior security of our cryptosystem, with correlation tests, entropy measurement, and histogram analysis showcasing robustness against statistical attacks. Moreover, the cryptosystem shows little fluctuation in the Unified Average Changing Intensity (UACI) and Non-Linear Pixel Change Rate (NPCR), confirming its resistance to differential attacks. Overall, our technique advances lightweight cryptography by providing a robust and efficient solution to modern cybersecurity challenges. In particular, our approach is well-suited for applications with limited resources, ensuring that security is maintained without compromising on performance or efficiency, thus fulfilling the needs of modern, constrained environments.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectroscopic analysis of tungsten spectra in extreme-ultraviolet range of 10-480 Å observed from EAST tokamak with full tungsten divertor","authors":"Wenmin Zhang, Ling Zhang, Shigeru Morita, Yunxin Cheng, Fengling Zhang, Ailan Hu, Chengxi Zhou, Zhengwei Li, Yiming Cao, Jiuyang Ma, Darío Mitnik, Yinxian Jie and Haiqing Liu","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad770a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad770a","url":null,"abstract":"Tungsten spectra in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelength range of 10-480 Å have been observed from high-temperature plasmas in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) with full tungsten divertor using four fast-time-response EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short (5-45 Å), EUV_Long_a (40–180 Å), EUV_Long_c (130–330 Å) and EUV_Long_b (270–480 Å) and two space-resolved EUV spectrometers of EUV_Short2_d (45–70 Å) and EUV_Long2_d (40–130 Å). The wavelength of measured spectra is accurately calibrated based on several well-known spectral lines emitted from low-Z (He, Li, C, N and O), medium-Z (Fe and Cu) and high-Z (Mo) impurity ions. Measurements of the tungsten spectra were taken from discharges accompanied with a transient tungsten burst event, which creates a pulsed influx of tungsten atoms into the EAST plasma. The tungsten spectra observed before and after the burst event are carefully analyzed with temporal behavior and radial profile distribution of the tungsten line intensity. As a result, 213 tungsten lines are successfully confirmed in the spectra observed after the tungsten burst, and the results are summarized in tables. These tungsten lines include line identifications of 78 lines of W XXIII - W XLVI (W22+ - W45+) at 10–140 Å and 88 lines of W V - W IX (W4+ - W8+) at 160–480 Å, while 47 tungsten lines at 50–380 Å could not be clarified the transition. In addition, quasi-continuum spectra called unresolved transition array (UTA) from tungsten ions in low- and high-ionization stages are also analyzed in three wavelength ranges of 18–38 Å, 45–70 Å and 150–280 Å at which W XXIII - W XXXVIII (W22+ - W37+), W XXVII - W XLVI (W26+ - W45+) and W VI—W IX (W5+ - W8+) are dominantly emitted, respectively. Through the analysis it is found that charge state distributions of tungsten UTA at 140–220 Å significantly vary with decrease in the electron temperature. Ionization stages of all observed tungsten lines including both isolated and quasi-continuum lines are experimentally reconfirmed by comparing the radial intensity profile with the electron temperature profile. Finally, spectral lines useful for tungsten diagnostic in fusion plasmas are selected and marked in the tables.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"131 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development and characterization of atmospheric pressure gliding Arc plasma jet","authors":"Roshan Chalise, Santosh Dhungana, Sangat Sharma, Suresh Basnet, Hom Bahadur Baniya, Tirtha Raj Acharya, Pradeep Lamichhane and Raju Khanal","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad75d2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad75d2","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we present the development and comprehensive characterization of an atmospheric pressure gliding arc plasma jet (GAPJ) operating in ambient air to generate non-thermal plasma. Through systematic investigation, the relationship between jet length and airflow rate indicates a positive correlation. Electrical and optical techniques are utilized to characterize the discharge, revealing an impact of applied voltage and gas flow rate on discharge parameters. Calculations are made for parameters such as electron density ((0.62−3.44)×1019) m−3, average power dissipation (9.85−40.50) W, and root mean square values of current and voltage. The impacts of applied voltages and gas flow rate on these parameters are also examined. Electron excitation temperature is determined using the Boltzmann plot method, yielding values within the range of (1.36−1.44) eV. Rotational and vibrational temperatures of discharge are analyzed, revealing values of (1373−2065) K and (2700−2405) K, respectively, under different operational conditions. The generated non-thermal plasma is confined to form a plasma plume although it consists of two diverging electrodes and offers promising applications for specified areas of sterilization and decontamination in the medical, pharmaceutical, and food processing industries.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shock dynamics model based on the conductor hardening and thermal softening effects for single-turn coil","authors":"Aoming Ge, Ziying Pan, Zhengyang Liu, Haocheng Yang, Yiliang Lv and Tao Peng","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7548","url":null,"abstract":"Single-turn coil (STC) is a destructive pulse magnet aiming at 100–300 T ultra-high magnetic field. In this study, a conductor shock dynamics model based on the hardening and thermal softening effects is proposed for STCs. Using this model, the changes in mechanical parameters of the conductor during discharge are investigated. The results show that the yield strength and bulk modulus of the conductors are significantly strengthened during discharge. Moreover, without considering hardening in the simulations, the deformation velocities and displacements of the conductors are higher than when hardening is considered, causing the magnetic fields obtained from the simulation to be smaller than the actual values. The model is validated by checking the consistency of the magnetic flux density at the central axis of the STCs, and the conductor deformation degrees of the simulation results, and the experimental data.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analog and digital resistive switching in W/TiO2/ITO devices: the impact of crystallinity and Indium diffusion","authors":"Bhagyalakshmi K and Biju Kuyyadi P","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad76e7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad76e7","url":null,"abstract":"The resistance-switching memristor with capabilities of information storage and brain-inspired computing has prime importance in recent research. In this study, the impact of crystallinity and Indium diffusion on the existence of analog and digital resistive switching in a W/TiO2/ITO device has been reported. The memristor devices are fabricated by depositing titania films by sol–gel and spin-coating techniques. The films annealed at 250 °C and 400 °C were characterized using x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characteristic anatase phase started appearing after annealing at 400 °C, whereas the 250 °C annealed sample was in the amorphous state. The electrical characterization revealed significant differences in the switching characteristics of amorphous and crystalline samples, especially in the switching interface, compliance properties, and current conduction mechanism. The grain boundary assisted oxygen vacancy migration, and the diffusion of indium ions from the ITO bottom electrode helped the crystalline sample to show highly stable and reproducible resistive switching compared to amorphous film. The XPS studies confirmed the indium ion diffusion in the crystalline sample. The oxygen vacancy-induced barrier modulation and conductive filament formation caused characteristic switching in amorphous and crystalline samples, respectively. Schottky emission in the amorphous film and SCLC mechanism in the crystalline film confirmed the experimental results. This study provides a distinctive viewpoint and an innovative strategy for developing multifunctional resistive switching devices.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Use of RSM desirability approach to optimize WEDM of mild steel","authors":"Mohanraj T, Sakthivel G and A Pramanik","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7707","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7707","url":null,"abstract":"Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM) is a non-traditional material removal process commonly used for precision machining of hard materials such as super alloys, ceramics, carbide, and composite materials. Optimization of process parameters is critical for improving machining efficiency and achieving the desired surface quality. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) systematically optimizes process parameters and investigates their impact on machining performance. WEDM control parameters such as pulse ON Time (TON) (50–60 μs), pulse OFF Time (TOFF) (25–34 μs), gap voltage (VG) (25–250 V), peak current (IP) (1–6 A), and dielectric flow rate (Df) (1–3 LPM) are optimized to reduce surface roughness (SR) and taper angle (TA) while increasing material removal rate (MRR) during the machining of Mild Steel. The optimal parameters are TON as 53 μs, TOFF as 28 μs, IP as 2.65 A, VG as 185 V, and Df as 1.5 LPM. The experimental findings are presented to demonstrate the usefulness of the proposed strategy in optimizing WEDM control parameters. The validation test was conducted under optimal conditions and the results were reported. The manufacturing industries can use RSM optimization in the manufacturing domain.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199345","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of external electric fields on the ionic conductivity of the PET ion-track membrane","authors":"Giovanni Ceccio, Jiri Vacik, Dietmar Fink, Jakub Siegel and Antonino Cannavò","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad74a9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad74a9","url":null,"abstract":"Polymeric ion track-etched membranes with asymmetric pores have been the subject of increased interest in both the academia and industry in recent decades. This interest is related to the rectification behavior of the membranes and their possible applications. In this work, the polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes with conical ion tracks were investigated for different etching conditions. Thin PET membranes were prepared using irradiated foils etched in a NaOH bath with the help of external electric fields (AC/DC) of a specific polarity. After etching, the I-V characteristics of the membranes were examined in the KCl solutions with different molarities. The obtained results showed that the I-V relations are strongly non-linear, thus confirming the rectification behavior of the membranes. It turned out that the external AC and DC fields applied during etching play an important role. They make it possible to influence the pore etching process, and so the properties of the membranes, which is important for the intended applications. Keywords: polymeric membranes, asymmetric pores, polyethylene terephthalate, I-V characteristics, transport phenomena","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Space-time structures, light trajectories and shadows for Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole with surrounding perfect fluid matter in Rastall gravity","authors":"Ju Ma, Jian-cheng Wang, Long-hua Qin and Quan-gui Gao","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad764b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad764b","url":null,"abstract":"We present the horizon structures and the shadows for Kerr-Newman-AdS black hole located in perfect fluid matter field in Rastall gravity. By considering the Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Carter constant separable method, we obtain the null geodesic equations of the black hole space-time as well as the unstable circular photon orbits in terms of the impact parameters. The horizon structures of the space-time are calculated numerically. The results show that there are four roots for a general case of the horizon equation (the Cauchy horizon , the event horizon , the cosmological horizon rq of Rastall gravity and the cosmological horizon rc of cosmological constant), which lead to a specific characteristic with the subregions of the space-time. The influences of the cosmological horizons rq and rc on the light trajectories around the black hole are also investigated. Furthermore, we study the effects of the parameters, including the perfect fluid matter intensity Ns, the Rastall parameter kλ, the cosmological constant Λ, the black hole spin a and the black hole charge Q on black hole shadows in detail.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lattice stick number 15 is unattainable for non-splittable links","authors":"Youngsik Huh, Sungjong No and Seungsang Oh","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad6fdf","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad6fdf","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we explore mathematical links, defined as closed curves embedded in 3D space. Knot theory studies these structures, which also occur in real-world biopolymers like DNA. Lattice links are links in the cubic lattice. For scientific simulations or statistical studies, links are simplified to lattice links. The lattice stick number, denoted as sL(K), is the minimum number of lattice sticks needed to represent a link K in the cubic lattice. In previous study, it was shown that only two non-trivial knots and six non-splittable links have sL ≤ 14: specifically, , = , , and . Recent study has further revealed that no knot can have sL = 15. In this paper, we prove that lattice stick number 15 is not attainable for non-splittable links. As a corollary, eleven non-splittable links with sL=16 are presented.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genuine entanglement detection via projection map in multipartite systems","authors":"Bivas Mallick and Sumit Nandi","doi":"10.1088/1402-4896/ad7204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad7204","url":null,"abstract":"We present a formalism to detect genuine multipartite entanglement by considering projection map which is a positive but not completely positive map. Projection map has been motivated by the no-pancake theorem which repudiates the existence of a quantum operation that maps the Bloch sphere onto a disk along its equator. The not-complete positivity feature of projection map is explored to investigate genuine multipartite entanglement in arbitrary N-qubit quantum systems. Our proposed framework can detect some important classes of genuinely entangled states in tripartite and quadripartite scenarios. We provide illustrative example to show the efficacy of our formalism to detect a class of tripartite PPT bound entangled states. Finally, we construct a suitable witness operator based on projection map to certify genuine tripartite entanglement, which is likely to be feasible experimentally.","PeriodicalId":20067,"journal":{"name":"Physica Scripta","volume":"147 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142199354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"物理与天体物理","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}