2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference最新文献

{"title":"Capabilities of the Reconfigured Cobra Accelerator","authors":"J. Douglass, J. Greenly, D. Hammer, B. Kusse, J. T. Blanchard, L. Maxson, R. Mcbride, H. Wilhelm, S. Glidden, S. Grasso, H. Sanders","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300595","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300595","url":null,"abstract":"The COBRA accelerator at Cornell University has been reconfigured for use with wire arrays. Design goals included 1 MA peak current with a variable zero to peak current rise-time of as little as 100 ns. COBRA is now driven by two Marx generators, each of which feeds a parallel-plate water capacitor. These capacitors are switched into four parallel pulse-forming lines via self-breaking gas switches. Each pulse-forming line is switched into a vacuum adder via a laser-triggered gas switch that can be independently triggered to provide different pulse shapes to a wire array Z-pinch load. A stainless steel, magnetically insulated current convolute similar to that of the Z-Machine at Sandia National Laboratories connects the output switches to the load. A typical load consists of a 4-8 wire cylindrical array with a diameter of 1.6 cm and a height of 2 cm. To date the refurbished COBRA has over 300 shots. These shots have been used for various reasons including machine diagnostic calibration, laser-triggered switch timing and self breaking switch adjustments as well as experiments with cylindrical wire array and high current X-pinch loads.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124320248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of an Induction Voltage Adder Based on Gas-Switched Pulse Forming Lines","authors":"P. Corcoran, V. Carboni, V. Bailey, R. Altes, H. Kishi, J. Pearce, T. da Silva, D. Spelts, R. Stevens, B. Whitney, J. Douglas, J. DeRosa, T. Tatman, K. da Silva, K. Thomas, T. Bryant, M. Bockle, I. Smith, A. Summers, M. Świerkosz, S. Fishlock","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300620","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an induction voltage adder (IVA) being designed by Titan Pulse Sciences Division (TPSD) for AWE Aldermaston, UK. This IVA will be used to power the radiography sources in AWE's planned three-axis Hydrodynamic Research Facility (HRF). TPSD will provide the IVAs and AWE will provide the radiographic diodes. The full IVA will in its initial configuration deliver a 14 MV, 110 kA, 50-60 ns pulse first to a large area diode and then to a developmental radiographic diode. The HRF IVA has been designed utilizing two-conductor water dielectric pulse forming lines (pfls) with laser triggered gas switches and can be reconfigured to power a range of radiographic diodes with peak powers from 1.5 to 3.9 TW and peak voltages from 8 to 16.8 MV. LSP simulations of the vacuum region aided by parapotential theory have explored and optimized the coupling of the different IVA configurations to various diodes.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"138 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124342855","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance of an Advanced Repetitively Pulsed Electron Beam Pumped KrF Laser Driver","authors":"D. Morton, D. Weidenheimer, T. daSilva, J. Lisherness, T. Tatman, D. Spelts, I. Smith, L. Schlitt, R. Sears, J. Sethian, M. Myers, A. Mangassarian, T. Albert, W. Webster","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300608","url":null,"abstract":"Electa is a repetitively pulsed, electron beam pumped krypton fluoride (KrF) gas laser that is a step in developing the technologies that meet the Inertial Fusion Energy (IFE) requirements for durability, efficiency, repetition rate, and cost. The technologies to be developed in the Electa system are to be directly scalable to a full size fusion power plant beam line. We have fielded an advanced pulsed power driver for the KrF preamplifier in the Electa system which serves two roles: it completes the laser system and serves as a demonstrator for the advanced pulsed power topology that can meet the IFE requirements. The initial system employs a gas switched Marx with improved reliability and maintenance schedule. The Marx will later be retrofitted (circa 2006) with advanced solid state switches, presently under development in the Electa program. The output of the pulsed power driver, delivered to counter-streaming electron beam diodes, is 20/40/30 ns (trise/flattop/tfall), 150-175 kV, and 60-80 kA per side with a 1.1 ohm nominal impedance. The pulser operates in single-shot, burst, and continuous modes at up to 5 Hz, with 1 ns (1 sigma) or less absolute timing jitter. A single pulsed power driver is coupled to the opposing electron guns via four liquid-filled TTI's (transit time isolators). These TTI's are necessarily compound (oil/water/oil) in order to balance their electrical lengths against unequal mechanical lengths. The Marx is gas-insulated and charges a 1.1-ohm water PFL in less than 100 ns. An output magnetic switch with a saturated inductance of less than 14 nH using Metglasreg cores discharges the pulse forming line (PFL) into the four parallel compound TTI's. A set of four (2 each side) inverted Z-stack bushings provide the interface between the TTI's and the vacuum chambers and diodes. The pulsed power driver design for this preamplifier has been described previously.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127645279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Low-Cost Metallic Cathode for a Vircator HPM Source","authors":"J. Mankowski, Y. Chen, J. Dickens, A. Neuber, R. Gale","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300492","url":null,"abstract":"Recent research efforts at TTU include the testing of a rapidly charged, rep-rated Marx generator driving a reflex triode vircator [1]. As expected, the burning of the cathode material (ordinary cloth velvet), was the primary failure mechanism during repetitive operation. In an effort to achieve a repetitive vircator (>10 Hz), we are exploring a low-cost, all-metal cathode. The cathode is made from aluminum with a patterned surface. A typical pattern is composed of peaks and troughs with dimensions on the order of tens of microns. The pattern is achieved with a simple, low-cost chemical etching process. Results include current, voltage, and microwave waveforms from two solid metal cathodes and a cloth velvet cathode.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"os-23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127769540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Electrical Effects of Multichanneling in the 2.5 MV Rimfire Gas Switch using a Laser Trigger","authors":"K. LeChien, J. Gahl, K. Struve","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300735","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300735","url":null,"abstract":"The University of Missouri Terawatt Test Stand (MUTTS) has conducted many untriggered experiments on a Rimfire gas switch scaled to 2.5 MV. The focus of these experiments was to evaluate what methods may be used to control the distribution of cascade arcs. The untriggered data indicates that the rise time of switch current does not statistically improve, as expected, as the number of cascade arcs per gap increased beyond two channels. For the same data, the number of arcs in the cascade section more dramatically affects the output current period. This indicates that in late time increased multichanneling has a more pronounced effect than in early time. The switch is triggered with a frequency quadrupled Nd:YAG laser at 30 mJ with a 3-5 ns pulse width. Since the focused laser does not ionize the full length of the trigger section, there is little effect on current rise time when compared to untriggered data, but more channels form in the cascade section for an air filled switch. The cascade section was shorted and data are presented describing the contribution of the single channeling trigger section to overall switch impedance. The electrical effects of multichanneling using a laser trigger, the formation of arc channels in the cascade section, and the implications the results have on the future design of fast gas switches are discussed.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126252290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of a Radio-Frequency Accelerator Demonstrator for Driving X-Ray Source","authors":"J. Lemaire, R. Bailly-Salins, P. Balleyguier, A. Binet, D. Guilhem, J. Lagniel, V. Le Flanchec, M. Millerioux, N. Pichoff","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300528","url":null,"abstract":"The assembly of a laser driven photo-injector and an RF linear accelerator offers the advantage of a versatile machine in order to produce multi-pulse electron beams. A train of 20 bunches (micro-pulses) carrying each a 100 nC charge would be extracted from a photo-cathode and accelerated in a DC voltage to 2.5 MV. The electron beam is then injected into superconducting radio frequency cavities operating at 352 MHz. They accelerate the beam as a relativistic linear accelerator. The 55 ns pulse duration electron beam (macro-pulse) is accelerated at 51 MeV through this structure. If this process is repeated at short given time delays, it enables to deliver multi-pulse or/and multi-axe electron beams. This machine has been proposed for radiographic applications and a design has been completed. It led to a proposal for a demonstrator of photo-injector which would be built shortly. Detailed simulations of the electron beam generation, acceleration and transport will be presented along with present experimental studies for validations of the numerical simulation codes.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126572213","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design and Optimization of a Low-Impedance Pulsed-Power Marx Generator to Drive High-Power Relativistic X-Band Magnetron","authors":"A. Andreev, M. Fuks, M. Roybal, E. Schamiloglu","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300563","url":null,"abstract":"One class of high-current relativistic HPM devices, the relativistic magnetron [1], provides a low-impedance (10-50 Omega) load that inherently needs matching to a low-impedance pulsed-power (Gigawatt or greater) supply to operate with maximum efficiency. One of the most common and reliable pulsed-power drivers used to accomplish this is a Marx generator. The University of New Mexico previously used a modified Pulseradreg 110A electron beam accelerator [2] to produce high-power microwaves [3] from a backward wave oscillator (BWO), which was a high-impedance load (130 Omega). This driver will be used for planned experiments with an X-band relativistic magnetron. The main part of the Pulserad's assembly is a Marx generator composed of capacitors, spark gaps and resistors electrically arranged in an 11-stage Marx circuit. The output impedance of the Marx generator is about ~35 Omega (which is why a shunt resistor was required to facilitate operation with the BWO), maximum charging voltage of each single stage is <100 kV, and total stored energy is about 600 Joules. In the present paper some results of the design and optimization efforts aimed at reducing the intrinsic impedance of the Marx generator are discussed. It turns out, for example, that by re-arranging the Marx's electrical circuit from the presently configured 11-stage Marx into a series-parallel connection of 12 capacitors, it is possible to decrease the impedance of the Marx generator down to ~15 Omega (implementing series-parallel connection of 2 parallel lines with 6 series capacitors in each line - 2times6 circuit), or even down to ~10 Omega (implementing series-parallel connection of 3 parallel lines of 4 series capacitors -3times4 circuit). Another feature that will be integrated in the redesign of the Pulseradreg 110 A electron beam accelerator is the use of a brazed ceramic insulator stack to facilitate high-vacuum operation. Successful completion of this upgrade will allow for experimental studies of a low-impedance relativistic X-band magnetron to begin to operate au naturel.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128066977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Modification of an EMP Facility to Support Threshold Testing of Electronic Systems","authors":"F. Peterkin, J. Hebert, D. Stoudt, J. Latess","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300772","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300772","url":null,"abstract":"The naval ordnance transient electromagnetic simulator (NOTES) is a bounded wave test facility located at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Dahlgren Division (NSWCDD). NOTES was designed to enable standardized electromagnetic pulse (EMP) testing, but in order to support tests to assess the vulnerability of US infrastructure to High-altitude EMP (HEMP) it was modified to enable threshold testing with peak amplitudes of 1 kV/m up to 100 kV/m while maintaining nominally the same temporal characteristics of the threat waveform. The range of amplitude was accomplished using three different voltage pulser configurations which provided nearly continuous variability. This paper provides a detailed description of the NOTES facility and the design, implementation, and results of these modifications. We present the waveforms that were used during testing and show that they provided a consistent stimulus both in terms of the overall waveform shape and in the critical risetime characteristic.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128067999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Laser Triggered Gas Switches Utilizing Beam Transport Through 1 MΩ-cm Deionized Water","authors":"N. Zameroski, J. Lehr, J. W. Woodworth, J. Blickem, Z. Wallace, V. Anaya, J. Corley, J. Lott, K. Hodge","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300770","url":null,"abstract":"We report on the successful attempts to trigger high voltage pressurized gas switches by utilizing beam transport through 1 MΩ-cm deionized water. The wavelength of the laser radiation was 532 nm. We have investigated Nd:YAG laser triggering of a 6 MV, SF6 insulated gas switch for a range of laser and switch parameters. Laser wavelength of 532 nm with nominal pulse lengths of 10 ns full width half maximum (FWHM) were used to trigger the switch. The laser beam was transported through 67 cm-long cell of 1 MOmega-cm deionized water constructed with anti reflection UV grade fused silica windows. The laser beam was then focused to form a breakdown arc in the gas between switch electrodes. Less than 10 ns jitter in the operation of the switch was obtained for laser pulse energies of between 80-110 mJ. Breakdown arcs more than 35 mm-long were produced by using a 70 cm focusing optic.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125677516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon Nanotubes as a Cold Electron Beam Source for Pseudospark Plasma Switches and Pulsed Power Applications","authors":"C. Seymore, H. Kirkici, Y. Tzeng, Chao Liu, A. Cheng, Yuchun Chen, K. Koppisetty, Hyungwook Kim","doi":"10.1109/PPC.2005.300436","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PPC.2005.300436","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, application of carbon nanotube coated cold cathodes for high-voltage, high-current, plasma switches for pulsed power applications is reported. We have fabricated and characterized a pseudospark switch with a carbon nanotube coated cold cathode as an electron beam source for controlling the switch. The demonstrated cold cathode triggered pseudospark switch is free from severe thermal management difficulties unlike switches relying on thermionic electron emission for triggering. This device requires a low trigger voltage and a low electron current emitted from carbon nanotubes for turning on a high-voltage switch, and is very compact, while potentially capable of controlling a relatively high-voltage when gases such as hydrogen instead of argon which was used for this test device to fill the switch.","PeriodicalId":200159,"journal":{"name":"2005 IEEE Pulsed Power Conference","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127573207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}