Perspektif最新文献

{"title":"KARAKTERISTIK PRODUK ROBOT TRADING BERBASIS KECERDASAN ARTIFISIAL DI BURSA BERJANGKA KOMODITI","authors":"Cita Yustisia Serfiyani, Iswi Hariyani","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.871","url":null,"abstract":"Aktifitas trading di pasar komoditi yang biasanya dilakukan oleh manusia sebagai pialang kini telah melibatkan peran robot berbasis kecerdasan artifisial yang berpotensi bersinggungan dengan isu etika dan norma hukum bahkan dapat merugikan masyarakat utamanya akibat substansi iklan yang tidak lengkap mengenai informasi baik dan buruknya penggunaan robot trading apalagi terhadap robot trading yang disediakan oleh lembaga yang belum terdaftar di BAPPEBTI. Konsumen menjadi pihak yang paling dirugikan padahal jika mengacu pada UU Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) konsumen berhak atas informasi dan perlindungan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dikaji mengenai keabsahan perjanjian konsumen yang melandasi keputusan konsumen dalam memilih jasa robot trading di aktifitas investasinya serta kejelasan kedudukan subyek hukum dalam perjanjian investasi berjangka komoditi secara daring yang melibatkan peran robot trading ini. Penelitian dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konsep ini akan membahas dan meneliti mengenai aspek perlindungan konsumen bagi pengguna layanan robot trading di perdagangan berjangka komoditi sebagai perkembangan terbaru di luar UUPK sehingga penanganan terhadap kerugian konsumen hendaknya dapat disesuaikan dengan faktor utama penyebab kerugian yakni wanprestasi oleh pihak pengelola platform sebagai subyek hukum. Trading activities in the commodity market that are usually carried out by humans as brokers now involve the role of artificial intelligence-based robots which have the potential to intersect with issues of ethics and legal norms and can even be detrimental to society, mainly due to incomplete advertising substance regarding the good and bad information of using trading robots, let alone against trading robots provided by institutions that have not been registered with BAPPEBTI. Consumers are the most disadvantaged party even though when referring to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) consumers have the right to information and protection. Therefore, it is necessary to study the validity of consumer agreements that underlie consumer decisions in choosing robot trading services in their investment activities and the clarity of the position of legal subjects in online commodity futures investment agreements that involve the role of this trading robot. Research using the statutory approach method and this conceptual approach will discuss and examine aspects of consumer protection for users of robot trading services in commodity futures trading as the latest development outside the UUPK so that the handling of consumer losses should be adjusted to the main factors causing losses, namely default by the platform manager as a legal subject.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345159","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KEDUDUKAN HUKUM KREDITOR SEPARATIS ATAS JAMINAN KEBENDAAN MILIK GUARANTOR YANG TELAH PAILIT DALAM KEPAILITAN DEBITOR PAILIT","authors":"None Ayudinda Pilar Kharisma","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.850","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.850","url":null,"abstract":"Perlindungan Hukum dan Kedudukan Kreditor Separatis dalam Hal Terjadi Kepailitan Terhadap Debitor Penjualan jaminan kebendaan dilakukan dengan parate eksekusi yang cara-cara dilakukan dengan penjualan di muka umum atau lelang menurut ketentuan Pasal 185 ayat (1) UU No. 37 Tahun 2004. Kedudukan Hukum Perusahaan Jaminan yang Melepaskan Hak Istimewanya dalam Kepailitan: a. Penanggung Sebagai Debitor Pasal 1 angka 1 UUKPKPU menyatakan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan Debitor adalah orang yang mempunyai utang karena perjanjian atau undang-undang yang pelunasannya dapat ditagih di muka pengadilan. Hapusnya Penanggung Utang Secara umum dalam ketentuan Pasal 1845 KUHPerdata menyatakan bahwa: “Perikatan yang diterbitkan dari penanggungan hapus karena sebab-sebab yang sama, sebagaimana yang menyebabkan berakhirnya perikatan-perikatan lainnya. Tidak ada dasar hukum untuk menuntut dan menempatkan seorang guarantor dalam keadaan pailit pada prinsipnya sifat borgtocht, hanya menempatkan guarantor menanggung pembayaran yang akan dilaksanakan debitor, oleh karena itu yang memikul pembayaran utang yang sebenarnya tetap berada pada diri debitor. Pada saat guarantor berada dalam keadaan tidak mampu kedudukannya sebagai penjamin harus diakhiri dan menggantinya dengan penjamin baru. Legal protection and the position of separatist creditors in the event of bankruptcy against debtors the sale of material guarantees is carried out by execution parate, which is carried out by public sale or auction according to the provisions of Article 185 paragraph (1) of law no. 37 of 2004. The legal standing of a guarantee company that waives its privileges in bankruptcy a. Insurers as debtors Article 1 Number 1 UUKPKPU states that what is meant by debtors is a person who has a debt due to an agreement or law whose repayment can be collected before the court. The general abolition of the underwriter in the provisions of Article 1845 of the Civil Code states that: “the issued engagement of the underwriter is abolished for the same reason, as caused the termination of other engagements.There is no legal basis for demanding and placing a guarantor in bankruptcy in principle the nature of borgtocht, only placing the guarantor bears the payments that the debtor will carry out, therefore who bears the actual debt payments remains with the debtor. When the Guarantor is in a state of incapacity, his position as guarantor must be terminated and replaced with a new guarantor.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345162","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERLINDUNGAN KOMODITI GARAM LOKAL DALAM KERANGKA PERJANJIAN PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL","authors":"Indah Cahyani","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.876","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.876","url":null,"abstract":"
 ABSTRAK 
 Impor garam setiap tahun lebih dari 2000 ton baik untuk bahan baku penolong industry ataupun garam konsumsi, semuanya didatangkan dari negara lain tidak memproduksinya sendiri. Negara tidak berdaya melindungi walaupun sederet rancangan perundangan di produksi semuanya hanya pencitraan yang menipu semua mata.
 Tidak ada mekanisme pengendalian meskipun negara telah menerbitkan PP No.9 Tahun 2018 tentang Tata Cara Pengendalian Impor Garam Bahan Baku Penolong Industri, tidak ada perlindungan meskipun telah terbit UU No.7 Tahun 2016 tentang Perlindungan dan Pemberdayaan Nelayan, Pembudidaya Ikan dan Petambak Garam, seberapa rapuh kontruksi Hukum Administrasi sehingga negara leluasa menipu dengan nama perundangan yang membius pengharapan tetapi sejatinya membunuh dan menikam rakyatnya sendiri dari belakang. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum yuridis empiris, yaitu metode penelitian terapan interdisipliner, melihat hukum sebagai fenomena sosial. Studi yuridis-empiris mencakup berbagai konteks disiplin ilmu, baik dalam ilmu-ilmu sosial maupun hukum, mengkaitkan hukum dengan dimensi sosiologis, politik dan ekonomi dari aktivitasPenelitian ini menemukan bahwa Indonesia sebagai negara telah kehilangan kedaulatannya dalam memberikan proteksi kepada komoditi garam lokal. Hal ini terjadi karena Indonesia telah menjadi member of GATT sejak tahun 1994 yang dalam salah satu klausul kesepakatan GATT adalah negara tidak boleh menjadi penghalang free market dengan menerapkan kebijakan kuota impor. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa harus dicari trobosan mekanisme lain yang dapat memproteksi komoditi garam lokal tanpa menabrak ketentuan dalam klausul GATT agar Indonesia tetap dapat menjalin hubungan baik dalam perdagangan internasinal tetapi tetap juga dapat melindungi komoditi garam lokal secara maksimal.
 
 Kata Kunci: free market, perlindungan, garam lokal.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"127 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136345161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENERAPAN PRINSIP DEKLARATIF DALAM PENDAFTARAN HAK CIPTA OLEH DIREKTORAT JENDERAL KEKAYAAN INTELEKTUAL (STUDI DI KANTOR WILAYAH KEMENTERIAN HUKUM DAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA JAWA TIMUR)","authors":"Dwi Fidhayanti, Moh. Ainul Yaqin","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.856","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i2.856","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRAK
 Penerapan prinsip deklaratif dalam pendaftaran hak cipta masih terdapat sebuah kerancuan, karena Pemerintah memberikan kewenangan kepada Sub Bidang Kekayaan Intelektual dalam pelayanan pencatatan ciptaan. Hal ini, mencederai perinsip deklaratif dan Undang-Undang Nomor 28 Tahun 2014 tentang Hak Cipta. Salah satu pemicu terjadinya sebuah sengketa hak cipta, yakni karena pencipta tidak mendaftarkan ciptaanya ke Direktorat Jenderal Kekayaan Intelektual. Penelitian ini, menggunakan penelitian empiris dan pendekatan yuridis sosiologis dengan sumber data primer dan data sekunder. Pengolahan melalui beberapa tahapan: Editing, Classifying, Verifikasi, Analysis, dan Conclusion. Hasil penelitian menunjukakPenerapan prinsip deklaratif dalam pendaftaran hak cipta diperoleh secara otomatis setelah kaya cipta selesai dibuat dan berbentuk nyata. Pencatatan karya cipta hanya anggapan hukum, bahwa karya cipta sudah selesai dibuat. Sedangkan penyelidikan yang dilakukan pertama kali, yakni tracking. kegiatan tracking terhadap suatu karya cipta dilakukan setelah pencipta atau pemegang hak cipta melakukan pelaporan pelanggaran hak cipta. Selanjutnya berkas diferivikasi oleh petugas, jika berkas sudah lengkap, maka dikirimkan ke Polda Jatim untuk melakukan penyidikan dan hasil dari penyidikan dikirimkan kembali ke pihak Sub Bidang Kekayaan Intelektual Kanwil Kemenkumham Jawa Timur.
 Kata Kunci: Prinsip Deklaratif; Pendaftaran Hak Cipta; Dirjen KI
 
","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KONSTRUKSI REFORMA PAJAK BAGI PEMILIK TANAH DATI DI KOTA AMBON DALAM PERSPEKTIF KEADILAN","authors":"Ronald Saija, None Nancy. S. Haliwela, None Triska Demmataaco","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.849","url":null,"abstract":"Para pemilik tanah-tanah Dati di Kota Ambon belum pernah melakukan pembayaran pajak bumi (pajak tanah adat/Dati) miliknya kemanapun, sedangkan pembayaran pajak berguna untuk melindungi hak-hak penduduk warga desa termasuk di dalamnya hak ulayat masyarakat adat yang hidup di seluruh nusantara. Penelitian ini meneliti mengenai membentuk konstruksi reforma pajak yang dapat memperlancar proses pembayaran pajak atas tanah Dati di Kota Ambon dan Kabupaten Seram Bagian Barat. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa selain faktor minimnya wawasan hukum masyarakat setempat tentang perlindungan hukum bagi hak tanah adat dan kekosongan aturan hukum dalam melindungi pemilik hak tanah negara sebagai sumber pendapatan negeri untuk kemajuan negeri adat, sehingga Adapun manfaat atas pungutan pajak digunakan oleh masyarakat hukum adat untuk menjaga kestabilan ekonomi masyarakat adat secara khususnya guna mendukung pendapatan asli negeri/desa bahkan daerah Maluku.The owners of Dati lands in Ambon City have never paid their land tax (adat land tax/Dati) anywhere, while tax payments are useful for protecting the rights of villagers including the customary rights of indigenous peoples who live throughout the archipelago. This research examines the formation of a tax reform construction that can expedite the process of paying taxes on Dati’s land in Ambon City and West Seram Regency. This study concludes that apart from the lack of legal knowledge of the local community regarding legal protection for customary land rights and the absence of legal rules in protecting owners of state land rights as a source of state revenue for the development of customary lands, the benefits of tax collection are used by indigenous peoples to maintain the economic stability of indigenous peoples in particular to support the country’s/village’s original income and even the Maluku region.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TRANSFERRING COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP OF NFT ON THE PERSPECTIVE OF POSITIVE LAW IN INDONESIA","authors":"Maya Ruhtiani","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.845","url":null,"abstract":"The development of NFT use does not function for the public’s need of objects related to copyright. In general, when someone creating NFT using another person’s work needs approval from the copyright owner. This type of normative juridical research is used as an assessment of the application of positive legal norms or legal rules applied in Indonesia. The results of research on Transferring Copyright Ownership Of NFT (Non-Fungible Tokens) On The Perspective Of Positive Law In Indonesia can be regulated by using the provisions of Article 18 UUHC related to selling-buying outright of copyrighted works which in practice must meet the requirements stated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code concerning the conditions for the validity of the agreement which are the existence of an agreement, parties’ requirement, particular objects, and lawful cause. The transaction of copyrighted works on NFT is not merely a sale and purchase for ordinary works of art, but also includes the rights to a copyrighted work protected by positive law in Indonesia. NFTs are protected under copyright laws and therefore have 2 (two) rights attached: economic and moral. In this regard, changing or distributing as well as modifying actions is included in violating moral rights. Even though the ownership has been transferred, the copyright holder must still be entitled to the economic and moral rights of the creator attached to the NFT.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135837836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PENYELESAIAN HUKUM PEKERJA BERDASARKAN PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU DITINJAU DARI HUKUM KETENAGAKERJAAN","authors":"None Sudarmaji","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.847","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.847","url":null,"abstract":"Pekerja atau buruh merupakan orang yang melakukan pekerjaan dengan perolehan upah atau gaji dalam bentuk lainnya, akan tetapi pengertian Tenaga Kerja merupakan seseorang yang mampu melaksanakan perkerjannya untuk memperoleh barang atau jasa yang dapat mencukupi perorangan atau badan hukum. Hal tersebut termaktub dalam Pasal 1 ayat (2) Undnag-Undang Nomor 13 Tahun 2003 tentang Ketenagakerjaan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penulisan ini merupakan metode penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan konseptual. Hasil Penelitian dalam menyelesaikan perselisihan pemutusan hubungan kerja serta dalam perjanjian kerja waktu tertentu untuk para pekerja sangatlah direkomendasi baik dari sisi para pekerja dan pengusaha, dikarenakan Med-Arb sangatlah memfasilitasi para pihak yang melakukan perselisihan serta dapat memberikan tingkat keefektifitasan waktu yang sangat diperlukan, beaya yang tidak mahal dan lebih efisien dari metode penyelesaian Arbritase ataupun Pengadilan Niaga.Workers or laborers are people who carry out work for which wages or other forms of wages are earned, but the definition of workforce is someone who is able to carry out his work to obtain goods or services that can be sufficient for individuals or legal entities. This is contained in Article 1 paragraph (2) of Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower. The approach used in this writing is a normative research method with a statutory and conceptual approach. Research results in resolving employment termination disputes as well as in work agreements for a certain time for workers are highly recommended both from the side of workers and employers, because Med-Arb greatly facilitates the parties who carry out disputes and can provide the level of effectiveness of time that is really needed, costs that are much needed. inexpensive and more efficient than Arbitration or Commercial Court settlement methods.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM TERHADAP TERTANGGUNG DALAM ASURANSI JIWA UNIT-LINK","authors":"Fries Melia Salviana, None Krisnadi Nasution, None Evi Kongres","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.851","url":null,"abstract":"Asuransi jiwa unit link memiliki keunikan apabila dibandingkan dengan asuransi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik asuransi jiwa unit link dan perlindungan bagi tertanggung berdasarkan asuransi jiwa unit link. Penelitian normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan pendekatan konseptual ini menggunakan sumber bahan hukum primer dan bahan hukum sekunder yang memuat mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi tertanggung serta karakteristik asuransi jiwa unit link termasuk peraturan perundang-undangan mengenai atau terkait dengan asuransi jiwa dan investasi. Asuransi jiwa unit link merupakan produk yang bersifat investasi yaitu adanya untung rugi. Pembayaran premi yang dilakukan juga berbeda dengan pembayaran premi pada asuransi jiwa biasa. Perlindungan hukum internal terhadap tertanggung merupakan perlindungan hukum yang utama dengan asas itikad baik dan asas keterbukaan. Penting bagi tertanggung untuk memperhatikan waktu pembentukan kontrak demi mencegah terjadinya perselisihan begitu pula dengan penafsiran penanggung untuk memuat klausul dalam polis atau bahkan di media lain yang menjelaskan tentang asuransi jiwa berbasis unit link terutama terkait dengan hak bagi tertanggung. Penelitian ini menyarankan konsep perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang asuransi jiwa berbasis unit link dari aspek kontrak dan pengawasan otoritas berwenang agar tercapai keadilan.Unit linked life insurance is unique when compared to other insurances. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of unit linked life insurance and protection for the insured based on unit linked life insurance. This normative research using a statutory and conceptual approach uses primary legal sources and secondary legal materials which include legal protection for the insured and the characteristics of unit-linked life insurance including statutory regulations regarding or related to life insurance and investments. Unit-linked life insurance is an investment product, namely profit and loss. Premium payments made are also different from premium payments on ordinary life insurance. Internal legal protection for the insured is the main legal protection with the principles of good faith and the principle of transparency. It is important for the insured to pay attention to the time the contract is formed in order to prevent disputes as well as the interpretation of the insurer to include clauses in the policy or even in other media that explain unit-linked life insurance, especially related to the rights of the insured. This study suggests the concept of legal protection for holders of unit-linked life insurance from the contractual and regulatory aspects in order to achieve justice.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"171 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM ATAS MEREK PRODUK KREATIF STARTUP DENGAN SISTEM PROTOKOL MADRID DALAM PERDAGANGAN ELEKTRONIK","authors":"Hanung Widjangkoro","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.836","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.836","url":null,"abstract":"Bisnis rintisan (startup) harus didukung dengan perlindungan hukum yang memadai di bidang Hak Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) khususnya terkait merek. Proses pendaftaran merek internasional dengan Sistem Protokol Madrid saat ini memberikan keuntungan biaya pendaftaran yang lebih murah, efisien, terpusat dan dapat melindungi dari merek dari serbuan kompetitor dan ancaman pelanggaran merek. Penelitian ini mengkaji mengenai urgensi suatu pendaftaran merek internsioanal bagi produk startup melalui sistem protokol sangat penting adalah demi memberikan perlindungan hukum secara internasional yang maksimal terhadap merek serta bagaimana upaya hukum dalam penyelesaian sengketa terhadap pelanggaran merek pada produk kreatif startup terdaftar melalui Sistem Protokol Madrid dalam perdagangan elektronik. Penelitian hukum normatif ini menganalisa mekanisme tata cara pendaftaran merek regional maupun internasional melalui Sistem Protokol Madrid serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa merek internasional yang mengacu pada aturan hukum positif di Indonesia dan TRIPS sehingga tercapai keharmonisan.Startup businesses must be supported by adequate legal protection in the field of intellectual property rights (IPR), especially regarding brands. The process of registering international marks with the Madrid Protokol Sistem currently provides the advantage of registration fees that are cheaper, more efficient, centralized, and can protect brands from attacks by competitors and threats of trademark infringement. This research examines the urgency of an international trademark registration for start-up products through a very important protokol sistem in order to provide maximum international legal protection for brands and how legal remedies are used in resolving disputes against trademark violations on creative start-up products registered through the Madrid protokol sistem in electronic commerce. This normative legal research examines the Madrid Protokol sistem’s mechanism for registering regional and international marks, as well as mechanisms for international trademark dispute resolution that refer to positive law rules in Indonesia and TRIPS to achieve harmony.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN AVERAGE ADJUSTER TERHADAP KERUGIAN AKIBAT GENERAL AVERAGE PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI","authors":"Angel Rezky Pratama Tanda, Zachry Vandawati Chumaida, Agus Widyantoro","doi":"10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30742/perspektif.v28i1.844","url":null,"abstract":"Manusia hanya akan menerima, menghindari, maupun mencegah risiko yang kemungkinan akan terjadi. Hal ini menghasilkan sebuah pengalihan risiko yang dilakukan dengan cara menggunakan asuransi laut. General average merupakan sebuah kerugian yang disepakati oleh para pihak untuk ditanggung bersama dan pertanggungjawaban tersebut akan dipikul bersama antara para pihak. Average Adjuster merupakan penilai kerugian asuransi yang ditunjuk oleh perusahaan asuransi dalam menangani klaim peristiwa general average. Hasil laporan dari Average Adjuster menjadi dasar perusahaan asuransi dalam melakukan klaim yang diajukan oleh tertanggung sehingga mereka memiliki tanggung jawab atas hasil report yang diberikan. Penelitian hukum normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, bahwa jika Average Adjuster melakukan kesalahan dalam hasil report tersebut maka salah satu pihak dapat mengajukan survei ulang pada perusahaan asuransi ataupun mengajukan pengembalian atau penambahan nilai klaim asuransi sehingga dikeluarkan sebuah LoD sebagai parameter uji batas atas instrumen yang diberikan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini menyarankan perlunya lembaga baru yang berfungsi mengawasi atau mengaudit dengan tujuan pengecekan ulang validitas hasil report Average Adjuster sehingga memperkuat fungsi pengecekan ganda sebelum perusahaan asuransi memberikan keputusan final terhadap klaim tertanggung.Humans will only accept, avoid, or prevent risks that are likely to occur. This results in a transfer of risk that is carried out by using marine insurance. The general average is a loss agreed by the parties to be shared and the responsibility will be shared between the parties. The Average Adjuster is an insurance loss assessor appointed by the insurance company to handle claims for general average events. Report results from the Average Adjuster become the basis for insurance companies in making claims submitted by the insured so that they have responsibility for the results of the report provided. Normative legal research using the statutory approach method, that if the Average Adjuster makes a mistake in the results of the report, one party can submit a re-survey to the insurance company or submit a return or increase in the value of the insurance claim so that an LoD is issued as a parameter of the upper limit test of the instrument used. given. Therefore, this study suggests the need for a new institution whose function is to supervise or audit with the aim of re-checking the validity of the results of the Average Adjuster hassle so as to strengthen the double checking function before the insurance company makes a final decision on the insured’s claim.","PeriodicalId":20002,"journal":{"name":"Perspektif","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-02-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135951795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}