PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology最新文献

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Analysis of Virus Clearance for Biotechnology Manufacturing Processes from Early to Late Phase Development. 生物技术生产过程早期到后期的病毒清除分析。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2025-000001.1
Opeyemi O Ajayi, Jackie L Cullinan, Innara Basria, Madaisabel Fuentes-Arias, Ashley Osuna-Najarro, Sarah Johnson, Talia Faison, Scott Lute
{"title":"Analysis of Virus Clearance for Biotechnology Manufacturing Processes from Early to Late Phase Development.","authors":"Opeyemi O Ajayi, Jackie L Cullinan, Innara Basria, Madaisabel Fuentes-Arias, Ashley Osuna-Najarro, Sarah Johnson, Talia Faison, Scott Lute","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025-000001.1","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025-000001.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The risk for virus contamination in biotechnology products (e.g., monoclonal antibodies, fusion proteins, or antibody-drug conjugates) derived from mammalian cell lines is a safety concern that must be evaluated from the early stages of development. The regulatory requirement for virus clearance that assesses the capacity of purification processes to remove endogenous and adventitious viruses is aimed at mitigating viral safety risk. A virus clearance database, containing virus clearance study data from biological license applications and investigational new drug submissions, has been maintained by the Food and Drug Administration's Center for Drug Evaluation and Research for over 15 years. Herein, an update is provided with regard to the impacts of process changes on the virus clearance during the product development cycle of biotechnology drug products based on the investigational new drug submissions received between January 1986 through March 2024. The current data demonstrated continuous robust removal of retroviruses and parvoviruses by chemical inactivation and virus-retentive filtration unit operations, respectively. Additional virus removal was supported by inclusion of one or more chromatography processes unit operations. For these processes, interactive process parameter effects were investigated for impacts on the reported virus clearance. The data reported here demonstrated that process- and product- specific considerations needed to be evaluated on a case-by-case basis to achieve robust and effective virus clearance for mammalian-cell-derived biotechnology products.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"252-273"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143987373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Preservative Efficacy Testing of Refrigerated Pharmaceuticals: Choice of Challenging Isolate and Storage Temperature. 冷藏药品的保鲜效果试验:具有挑战性的分离物和储存温度的选择。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003021.1
Seyed Sadeq Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi, Zeinab Zarei, Khadijeh Hamidian, Sepideh Nikrou, Mohammad-Reza Seidi, Hossein Jamalifar, Nasrin Samadi
{"title":"Preservative Efficacy Testing of Refrigerated Pharmaceuticals: Choice of Challenging Isolate and Storage Temperature.","authors":"Seyed Sadeq Mousavi Ghahfarrokhi, Zeinab Zarei, Khadijeh Hamidian, Sepideh Nikrou, Mohammad-Reza Seidi, Hossein Jamalifar, Nasrin Samadi","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003021.1","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003021.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antimicrobial effectiveness test assesses the performance of the preservatives and/or antimicrobial substances added to multiuse sterile or nonsterile dosage forms to protect these products from microbiological growth. In this study, insulin products underwent the European Pharmacopoeia and the United States Pharmacopeia antimicrobial preservative effectiveness tests at both room and refrigerated temperatures. Notably, a psychrotolerant strain, <i>Serratia marcescens</i>, originally isolated from a refrigerated pharmaceutical product, was included in the antimicrobial effectiveness testing. When evaluated against the compendial requirements, both neutral protamine Hagedorn and regular insulin stored at room temperature successfully met the European Pharmacopoeia-A criteria and the United States Pharmacopeia standards. However, although both formulations stored under refrigeration conformed to the United States Pharmacopeia criteria, they failed to satisfy the European Pharmacopoeia-A criteria at contact times of <7 days. The reductions in <i>Serratia marcescens</i> counts were the same at both incubation temperatures. This study indicated that for sterile multidose vials, performing the antimicrobial effectiveness test at both room and refrigerated temperatures might give a more accurate indication of antimicrobial preservative efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"285-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144028173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Retrospective Evaluation of Cycled Resin in Viral Clearance Studies-A Multiple Company Collaboration-Post ICH Q5A(R2) Review. 循环树脂在病毒清除研究中的回顾性评价-多公司合作- ICH Q5A(R2)后审查。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-06-02 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003024.1
Jennifer Anderson, Chelsea Burgwin, Donna Hamilton
{"title":"Retrospective Evaluation of Cycled Resin in Viral Clearance Studies-A Multiple Company Collaboration-Post ICH Q5A(R2) Review.","authors":"Jennifer Anderson, Chelsea Burgwin, Donna Hamilton","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003024.1","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024-003024.1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2019, the <i>BioPhorum Development Group Viral Clearance Workstream</i> performed a collaborative retrospective analysis to evaluate packed bed chromatographic resin performance after repeated cycling for two commonly used chromatography steps in biopharmaceutical manufacturing: protein A and anion exchange. Key variables evaluated in the assessment included virus type, resin type, number of reuse cycles, and virus challenge. This paper has been amended to include additional commentary on the ICH Q5A revision adopted in November 2023. In this retrospective analysis of viral clearance data on naïve versus cycled resin, powered by the availability of decades' worth of accumulated industry data, clearance capability was not negatively impacted by resin cycling. This finding is consistent with publications showing that surrogates for viral clearance capabilities could be employed in lieu of testing of viral clearance of cycled resins for protein A and anion exchange chromatography. The rigorous analysis of the retrospective data supports the view that viral clearance studies for cycled protein A and anion exchange resins are not necessary, provided that appropriate cleaning methods are applied during repeated use of chromatography columns. In agreement with this paper, ICH Q5A(R2) acknowledges that used resin studies are not required for protein A. Used resin evaluation is still required for other chromatography steps; however, with appropriate justification, prior knowledge may be used in place of product-specific studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"320-336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144032813","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Holistic Approach for Filling Volume Variability Evaluation and Control with Statistical Tool. 利用统计工具评估和控制填充量变异性的整体方法。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012867
Mingyang Hei, Qingqing She, Quanmin Chen, Zhaowei Jin, Chunmeng Sun, Jiasheng Tu, Jeremy Guo
{"title":"A Holistic Approach for Filling Volume Variability Evaluation and Control with Statistical Tool.","authors":"Mingyang Hei, Qingqing She, Quanmin Chen, Zhaowei Jin, Chunmeng Sun, Jiasheng Tu, Jeremy Guo","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012867","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012867","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vial and syringe filling by peristaltic pump has been widely implemented by contract manufacturing organizations and biopharmaceutical companies. Filling volume is commonly considered a critical quality attribute related to the aseptic filling process, and the variation needs to be well controlled to guarantee the safety, efficacy, and consistency of drug products. However, the criteria for justifying the filling variation and underlying mechanisms that affect the variability are not fully revealed quantitatively in the literatures. This study selected filling accuracy, filling process capability, and filling precision as three criteria for evaluating the filling process performance with four statistical indexes: Relative Error Mean, Critical Control Limit (Cpk ≥ 1.33), Relative Standard Deviation, and Relative Moving Range Mean. The impact of liquid properties, pump tubing sizes, and pump settings on these indexes was investigated using a bench-top system with a peristatic pump and a high-precision balance. The results showed that the viscosity, target filling volume, pump tubing size, pump speed, acceleration/deceleration rate, and suck-back had a statistically significant influence on the filling volume variability. Definitive Screening Design was further applied to clarify and visualize the priorities and interaction impact of these factors on filling volume variability. A stepwise approach for filling volume variability optimization and control based on predictive models was established and verified for drug product solution with viscosity between 1-23 cp and target filling volume between 0.2-2.0 mL.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"157-169"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470062","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Evaluation of Extreme Depyrogenation Conditions on the Surface Hydrolytic Resistance of Glass Containers for Pharmaceutical Use. 评估极端去热氮条件对药用玻璃容器表面抗水解性的影响。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2024.012972
Massimo Guglielmi, Satoshi Arai, Peggy Georges, Amy Meysner, Peter Otton, Serena Panighello, Volker Rupertus, Jingwei Zhang, Daniele Zuccato
{"title":"Evaluation of Extreme Depyrogenation Conditions on the Surface Hydrolytic Resistance of Glass Containers for Pharmaceutical Use.","authors":"Massimo Guglielmi, Satoshi Arai, Peggy Georges, Amy Meysner, Peter Otton, Serena Panighello, Volker Rupertus, Jingwei Zhang, Daniele Zuccato","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024.012972","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2024.012972","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This paper is the result of a round-robin activity run by the Technical Committee TC12, Pharma Packaging, of the International Commission on Glass (ICG). The study was motivated by a concern about the risk that the depyrogenation treatment of glass vials, when performed in an abnormal way that deviates from the usual procedure, may have a negative impact on the hydrolytic resistance of the container inner surface after filling with the drug product, for example, by increasing the release of leacheables and/or the propensity to delamination. The study was executed by using 10 mL clear type I borosilicate glass vials representing four different compositions. For the applied depyrogenation process, extreme parameters were chosen with maximum temperature up to 400°C, exposure times up to 72 hours, and different amounts of residual water inside as starting conditions. Those treated samples were tested in seven different laboratories as a round-robin test. A large amount of data was obtained, which clearly indicate that the hydrolytic resistance performance of the Type I borosilicate glass vials is not affected even by such extreme depyrogenation conditions (e.g., 400°C, 72 hours, and not perfectly dried inside). This is an important and useful result, both for glass and pharma companies, based on the 12,000 analytical data collected during the interlaboratory activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"170-177"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142695342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Application of Modeling as a Tool for Early Derisking of Parenteral Delivery, from the Primary Container to the Tissue. 从主要容器到组织,建模作为早期降低肠外分娩风险的工具的应用。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25206
Ludovic Gil, Christopher Basciano, Sean McGrath, Julien Singer
{"title":"Application of Modeling as a Tool for Early Derisking of Parenteral Delivery, from the Primary Container to the Tissue.","authors":"Ludovic Gil, Christopher Basciano, Sean McGrath, Julien Singer","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25206","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>In silico</i> modeling of subcutaneous injections is a promising tool to derisk and optimize the development of injections systems and improve preliminary understanding of the injectability of drugs. Such modeling can be leveraged early in development, prior to pre-clinical studies, to reduce testing burden and effectively predict aspects such as the time and forces required for full dose delivery into tissue and the tissue-injectate-device interactions. In this work, we address the three main <i>in silico</i> pillars (primary container, injection device, and tissue) that are necessary to simulate a parenteral injection. We showcase how their modeling can be combined and applied to various delivery systems and injection conditions to enable appropriate systems and parameters selection to achieve desired performance. Case studies of viscous drugs in PFS/AI and wearable injection systems with non-rigid component properties are presented to highlight the theoretical treatment of interfaces, the critical inputs required to achieve accurate predictions, the insights gained, and the good agreement between model predictions and experimental results.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":"79 2","pages":"246-247"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Sustainable Design for Healthcare Devices: Pathways Toward Net Zero. 医疗设备的可持续设计:通往净零的道路。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25204
William J Davies
{"title":"Sustainable Design for Healthcare Devices: Pathways Toward Net Zero.","authors":"William J Davies","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25204","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>We're starting to see a huge shift in the healthcare industry towards sustainability, with stakeholders throughout the sector aiming to drive down emissions and reduce environmental impacts. This graphic focuses on device design, and applies to any sector of the industry. It looks at every phase of a product's lifecycle, and breaks these down into focal points and design opportunities for footprint reduction.The ultimate goal in sustainability is <i>The Circular Economy</i>, the definition of which is the reduction, capture, and reuse of all embodied resources into an indefinite loop, with minimal negative external effects. The graphic illustrates how the journey to circularity can be achieved through considered design at every one of those lifecycle phases. It examines opportunities within raw materials, manufacturing, transport, use, and end-of-life, considering not just technical approaches but business model development and user behaviours as well, aiming to cohesively target a cradle-to-cradle system. Even for products and services where full circularity is not realistic, it identifies multiple opportunities for good design to reduce emissions and perhaps ease the journey to circularity in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":"79 2","pages":"242-243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Quality Assurance. 质量保证。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2025.001942
{"title":"Quality Assurance.","authors":"","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025.001942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2025.001942","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":"79 2","pages":"123-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Challenges and Solutions to Manufacturing of Low-Viscosity, Ultra-High Concentration IgG1 Drug Products: From Late Downstream Process to Final Fill Finish Processing. 生产低粘度、超高浓度 IgG1 药物产品所面临的挑战和解决方案:从后期下游工艺到最终灌装加工。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012873
Vaibhav Deokar, Alok Sharma, Subrahmanyam M Volety
{"title":"Challenges and Solutions to Manufacturing of Low-Viscosity, Ultra-High Concentration IgG1 Drug Products: From Late Downstream Process to Final Fill Finish Processing.","authors":"Vaibhav Deokar, Alok Sharma, Subrahmanyam M Volety","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012873","DOIUrl":"10.5731/pdajpst.2023.012873","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Challenges in the manufacturing of high-concentration antibody formulations have seldom been discussed. These are observed mainly from late downstream operations where the antibody gets concentrated to its final strength to final fill finish processing and containerization of the product. The present paper summarizes the challenges typically observed in manufacturing and processing of high-concentration antibody products and provides turnkey solutions to these typical challenges in order to have a consistent and robust manufacturing process for these products. Immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) has been used as a model protein for studying the challenges and providing solutions to them. The late downstream challenges, like increased viscosity limiting further concentration, can be resolved by use of viscosity modifying agents in the formulation. Replacement of the conventionally used 'A' screen membranes with 'D' screen or using single pass tangential flow filtration can further provide an in targeting higher concentrations for the same protein with lesser shear and aggregation. Using a 0.5 µm/0.2 µm asymmetric or bilayered membrane instead of the conventional 0.2 µm membrane resulted in better flux during filtration of a high-concentration IgG1 formulation. In-process holding time during the filling operation was optimized to be <60 min based on the nozzle drying time for the high-concentration IgG1 formulation. An appropriate control strategy of replacing filling nozzles and performing periodic fill weight checks was proposed for the fill-finish process of a high-concentration IgG1 formulation.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":" ","pages":"218-235"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bridging the Gap-Ensuring Digital End-to-End PFS Integrity via an RFID-Based Seal: Holistic Digitalization of Inventory Management and Diversion Prevention of Hospital Drugs. 弥合差距-通过基于rfid的印章确保数字端到端PFS完整性:库存管理和医院药品分流预防的整体数字化。
PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology Pub Date : 2025-05-14 DOI: 10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25207
Sebastian Muenscher
{"title":"Bridging the Gap-Ensuring Digital End-to-End PFS Integrity via an RFID-Based Seal: Holistic Digitalization of Inventory Management and Diversion Prevention of Hospital Drugs.","authors":"Sebastian Muenscher","doi":"10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5731/pdajpst.2025.25207","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>RFID technology is mainstream in retail where apparel is tracked and inventory is managed with digital reader systems. All items at e.g. Walmart, Nordstrom and H&M are equipped with an RFID tag. Thus, warehouse managers and sales staff have full visibility on the movement and availability of items. The pharma industry is starting to follow this trend.</p>","PeriodicalId":19986,"journal":{"name":"PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology","volume":"79 2","pages":"248-249"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144079447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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