Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology最新文献

{"title":"Inhibition of caspase-8 cascade restrains the osteoclastogenic fate of bone marrow cells.","authors":"Barbora Veselá, Adéla Ševčíková, Kateřina Holomková, Alice Ramešová, Adéla Kratochvílova, Paul T Sharpe, Eva Matalová","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02977-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02977-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells of hematopoietic origin, with a pivotal role in bone development and remodeling. Failure in osteoclast differentiation and activation leads to various bone disorders; thus, attention has focused on a search of molecules involved in osteoclast regulatory pathways. Caspase-8 appears to be an interesting candidate for further exploration, due to its potential function in bone development and homeostasis. Mouse bone marrow cells were differentiated into osteoclasts by RANKL stimulation. Increased activation of caspase-8 and its downstream executioner caspases (caspase-3 and caspase-6) was found during osteoclastogenesis. Subsequent inhibition of caspase-8, caspase-3, or caspase-6, respectively, during osteoclast differentiation showed distinct changes in the formation of TRAP-positive multinucleated cells and reduced expression of osteoclast markers including Acp5, Ctsk, Dcstamp, and Mmp9. Analysis of bone matrix resorption confirmed significantly reduced osteoclast function after caspase inhibition. The results clearly showed the role of caspases in the proper development of osteoclasts and contributed new knowledge about non-apoptotic function of caspases.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1289-1302"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141237908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Basal release of 6-cyanodopamine from rat isolated vas deferens and its role on the tissue contractility.","authors":"Caroline Fernanda Sanches Dal Pozzo, Jose Eduardo Maldonado Junior, José Britto-Júnior, João Felipe Agostini Badin, Valéria Barbosa de Souza, André Almeida Schenka, Larryn W Peterson, Adriano Fregonesi, Edson Antunes, Gilberto De Nucci","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02985-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02985-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>6-Cyanodopamine is a novel catecholamine released from rabbit isolated heart. However, it is not known whether this catecholamine presents any biological activity. Here, it was evaluated whether 6-cyanodopamine (6-CYD) is released from rat vas deferens and its effect on this tissue contractility. Basal release of 6-CYD, 6-nitrodopamine (6-ND), 6-bromodopamine, 6-nitrodopa, and 6-nitroadrenaline from vas deferens were quantified by LC-MS/MS. Electric-field stimulation (EFS) and concentration-response curves to noradrenaline, adrenaline, and dopamine of the rat isolated epididymal vas deferens (RIEVD) were performed in the absence and presence of 6-CYD and /or 6-ND. Expression of tyrosine hydroxylase was assessed by immunohistochemistry. The rat isolated vas deferens released significant amounts of both 6-CYD and 6-ND. The voltage-gated sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin had no effect on the release of 6-CYD, but it virtually abolished 6-ND release. 6-CYD alone exhibited a negligible RIEVD contractile activity; however, at 10 nM, 6-CYD significantly potentiated the noradrenaline- and EFS-induced RIEVD contractions, whereas at 10 and 100 nM, it also significantly potentiated the adrenaline- and dopamine-induced contractions. The potentiation of noradrenaline- and adrenaline-induced contractions by 6-CYD was unaffected by tetrodotoxin. Co-incubation of 6-CYD (100 pM) with 6-ND (10 pM) caused a significant leftward shift and increased the maximal contractile responses to noradrenaline, even in the presence of tetrodotoxin. Immunohistochemistry revealed the presence of tyrosine hydroxylase in both epithelial cell cytoplasm of the mucosae and nerve fibers of RIEVD. The identification of epithelium-derived 6-CYD and its remarkable synergism with catecholamines indicate that epithelial cells may regulate vas deferens smooth muscle contractility.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1263-1277"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141498709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of autonomic heart rate modulations during childhood and adolescence.","authors":"Kateřina Helánová, Martina Šišáková, Katerina Hnatkova, Tomáš Novotný, Irena Andršová, Marek Malik","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02979-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02979-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Autonomic control of heart rate is well known in adult subjects, but limited data are available on the development of the heart rate control during childhood and adolescence. Continuous 12-lead electrocardiograms were recorded in 1045 healthy children and adolescents (550 females) aged 4 to 19 years during postural manoeuvres involving repeated 10-min supine, unsupported sitting, and unsupported standing positions. In each position, heart rate was measured, and heart rate variability indices were evaluated (SDNN, RMSSD, and high (HF) and low (LF) frequency components were obtained). Quasi-normalized HF frequency components were defined as qnHF = HF/(HF + LF). These measurements were, among others, related to age using linear regressions. In supine position, heart rate decreases per year of age were significant in both sexes but lower in females than in males. In standing position, these decreases per year of age were substantially lowered. RMSSD and qnHF indices were independent of age in supine position but significantly decreased with age in sitting and standing positions. Correspondingly, LF/HF proportions showed steep increases with age in sitting and standing positions but not in the supine position. The study suggests that baseline supine parasympathetic influence shows little developmental changes during childhood and adolescence but that in young children, sympathetic branch is less responsive to vagal influence. While vagal influences modulate cardiac periods in young and older children equally, they are less able to suppress the sympathetic influence in younger children.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1187-1207"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271370/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for spectroscopy data: a review.","authors":"Jhonatan Contreras, Thomas Bocklitz","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02997-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00424-024-02997-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has gained significant attention in various domains, including natural and medical image analysis. However, its application in spectroscopy remains relatively unexplored. This systematic review aims to fill this gap by providing a comprehensive overview of the current landscape of XAI in spectroscopy and identifying potential benefits and challenges associated with its implementation. Following the PRISMA guideline 2020, we conducted a systematic search across major journal databases, resulting in 259 initial search results. After removing duplicates and applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, 21 scientific studies were included in this review. Notably, most of the studies focused on using XAI methods for spectral data analysis, emphasizing identifying significant spectral bands rather than specific intensity peaks. Among the most utilized AI techniques were SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP), masking methods inspired by Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations (LIME), and Class Activation Mapping (CAM). These methods were favored due to their model-agnostic nature and ease of use, enabling interpretable explanations without modifying the original models. Future research should propose new methods and explore the adaptation of other XAI employed in other domains to better suit the unique characteristics of spectroscopic data.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141860467","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Strength and muscle mass development after a resistance-training period at terrestrial and normobaric intermittent hypoxia.","authors":"C Benavente, P Padial, B R Scott, F Almeida, G Olcina, S Pérez-Regalado, B Feriche","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02978-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02978-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This study investigated the effect of a resistance training (R_T) period at terrestrial (HH) and normobaric hypoxia (NH) on both muscle hypertrophy and maximal strength development with respect to the same training in normoxia (N). Thirty-three strength-trained males were assigned to N (FiO₂ = 20.9%), HH (2,320 m asl) or NH (FiO₂ = 15.9%). The participants completed an 8-week R_T program (3 sessions/week) of a full body routine. Muscle thickness of the lower limb and 1RM in back squat were assessed before and after the training program. Blood markers of stress, inflammation (IL-6) and muscle growth (% active mTOR, myostatin and miRNA-206) were measured before and after the first and last session of the program. Findings revealed all groups improved 1RM, though this was most enhanced by R_T in NH (p = 0.026). According to the moderate to large excess of the exercise-induced stress response (lactate and Ca²⁺) in HH and N, results only displayed increases in muscle thickness in these two conditions over NH (ES > 1.22). Compared with the rest of the environmental conditions, small to large increments in % active mTOR were only found in HH, and IL-6, myostatin and miR-206 in NH throughout the training period. In conclusion, the results do not support the expected additional benefit of R_T under hypoxia compared to N on muscle growth, although it seems to favour gains in strength. The greater muscle growth achieved in HH over NH confirms the impact of the type of hypoxia on the outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1221-1233"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271399/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141446714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A role for sirtuin 1 in FGF23 activation following β-glycerophosphate treatment.","authors":"Danielle M A Ratsma, Max Muller, Marijke Koedam, M Carola Zillikens, Bram C J van der Eerden","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02974-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02974-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phosphate homeostasis is vital for many biological processes and disruptions in circulating levels can be detrimental. While the mechanisms behind FGF23 regulation have been regularly studied, the role of extracellular phosphate sensing and its impact on fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) expression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS), silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), and Hairy and Enhancer of Split-1 (HES1) in regulating FGF23 in FGF23 expressing MC3T3-E1 cells. MC3T3-E1 cells treated with β-glycerophosphate (BGP) resulted in increased Fgf23 expression. Inhibition of ROS formation by inhibition of NADPH oxidase, which is essential for ROS production, did not affect this response to BGP, suggesting ROS is not involved in this process. Moreover, treatment with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), a ROS-inducing agent, did not increase Fgf23 expression. This suggests that ROS machinery is not involved in FGF23 stimulation as previously suggested. Nonetheless, inhibition of SIRT1 using Ex527 eliminated the Fgf23 response to BGP, indicating its involvement in FGF23 regulation after BGP treatment. Indeed, activation of SIRT1 using SRT1720 increased Fgf23 expression. Moreover, transcription factor Hes1 was upregulated by BGP treatment, which was diminished when cells were treated with Ex527 implying it is also regulated through SIRT1. These findings suggest the existence of an upstream SIRT1-HES1 axis in the regulation of FGF23 by phosphate, though we were unable to find a role for ROS in this process. Further research should provide insights into phosphate homeostasis and potential therapeutic targets for phosphate-related disorders.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1279-1288"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271368/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141075193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Uncovering the neural control of laryngeal activity and subglottic pressure in anaesthetized rats: insights from mesencephalic regions.","authors":"M González-García, L Carrillo-Franco, C Morales-Luque, M Ponce-Velasco, B Gago, M S Dawid-Milner, M V López-González","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02976-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02976-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>To assess the possible interactions between the dorsolateral periaqueductal gray matter (dlPAG) and the different domains of the nucleus ambiguus (nA), we have examined the pattern of double-staining c-Fos/FoxP2 protein immunoreactivity (c-Fos-ir/FoxP2-ir) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) throughout the rostrocaudal extent of nA in spontaneously breathing anaesthetised male Sprague-Dawley rats during dlPAG electrical stimulation. Activation of the dlPAG elicited a selective increase in c-Fos-ir with an ipsilateral predominance in the somatas of the loose (p < 0.05) and compact formation (p < 0.01) within the nA and confirmed the expression of FoxP2 bilaterally in all the domains within the nA. A second group of experiments was made to examine the importance of the dlPAG in modulating the laryngeal response evoked after electrical or chemical (glutamate) dlPAG stimulations. Both electrical and chemical stimulations evoked a significant decrease in laryngeal resistance (subglottal pressure) (p < 0.001) accompanied with an increase in respiratory rate together with a pressor and tachycardic response. The results of our study contribute to new data on the role of the mesencephalic neuronal circuits in the control mechanisms of subglottic pressure and laryngeal activity.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1235-1247"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271367/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141296580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The anion exchanger slc26a3 regulates colonic mucus expansion during steady state and in response to prostaglandin E₂, while Cftr regulates de novo mucus release in response to carbamylcholine.","authors":"Penny L Ljungholm, Anna Ermund, Molly M Söderlund Garsveden, Victor L Pettersson, Jenny K Gustafsson","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02975-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02975-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The intestinal epithelium is covered by mucus that protects the tissue from the luminal content. Studies have shown that anion secretion via the cystic fibrosis conductance regulator (Cftr) regulates mucus formation in the small intestine. However, mechanisms regulating mucus formation in the colon are less understood. The aim of this study was to explore the role of anion transport in the regulation of mucus formation during steady state and in response to carbamylcholine (CCh) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂). The broad-spectrum anion transport inhibitor 4,4'-diisothiocyanatostilbene-2,2'-disulfonate (DIDS), CftrdF508 (CF) mice, and the slc26a3 inhibitor SLC26A3-IN-2 were used to inhibit anion transport. In the distal colon, steady-state mucus expansion was reduced by SLC26A3-IN-2 and normal in CF mice. PGE₂ stimulated mucus expansion without de novo mucus release in wild type (WT) and CF colon via slc26a3 sensitive mechanisms, while CCh induced de novo mucus secretion in WT but not in CF colon. However, when added simultaneously, CCh and PGE₂ stimulated de novo mucus secretion in the CF colon via DIDS-sensitive pathways. A similar response was observed in CF ileum that responded to CCh and PGE₂ with DIDS-sensitive de novo mucus secretion. In conclusion, this study suggests that slc26a3 regulates colonic mucus expansion, while Cftr regulates CCh-induced de novo mucus secretion from ileal and distal colon crypts. Furthermore, these findings demonstrate that in the absence of a functional Cftr channel, parallel stimulation with CCh and PGE₂ activates additional anion transport processes that help release mucus from intestinal goblet cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1209-1219"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271379/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141200666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acupoint catgut embedding attenuates oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in chronic cerebral ischemia by inhibiting the Ang II/AT1R/NOX axis.","authors":"Jurui Wei, Qi Ai, Peier Lv, Wenyao Fang, Zixuan Wang, Jiumei Zhao, Wenqing Xu, Lin Chen, Jun Dong, Bijun Luo","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02981-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02981-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a common neurological disorder, characterized by progressive cognitive impairment. Acupoint catgut embedding (ACE) represents a modern acupuncture form that has shown neuroprotective effects; nevertheless, its effects on CCI and the mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we aimed to explore the therapeutic action of ACE in CCI-induced cognitive impairment and its mechanisms. The cognitive function of CCI rats was determined using Morris water maze test, and histopathological changes in the brain were assessed through hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. To further explore the molecular mechanisms, the expression levels of oxidative stress markers and the Ang II/AT1R/NOX axis-associated molecules in the hippocampus were evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Here, we observed that ACE treatment alleviated cognitive dysfunction and histopathological injury in CCI rats. Intriguingly, candesartan (an AT1R blocker) enhanced the beneficial effects of ACE on ameliorating cognitive impairment in CCI rats. Mechanistically, ACE treatment blocked the Ang II/AT1R/NOX pathway and subsequently suppressed oxidative stress, thus mitigating cognitive impairment in CCI. Our findings first reveal that ACE treatment could suppress cognitive impairment in CCI, which might be partly due to the suppression of Ang II/AT1R/NOX axis.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1249-1261"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141470016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Noise or signal? Spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons: patterns and function in health and disease.","authors":"Javier Lucas-Romero, Ivan Rivera-Arconada, Jose Antonio Lopez-Garcia","doi":"10.1007/s00424-024-02971-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s00424-024-02971-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Spontaneous activity refers to the firing of action potentials by neurons in the absence of external stimulation. Initially considered an artifact or \"noise\" in the nervous system, it is now recognized as a potential feature of neural function. Spontaneous activity has been observed in various brain areas, in experimental preparations from different animal species, and in live animals and humans using non-invasive imaging techniques. In this review, we specifically focus on the spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons of the spinal cord. We use a historical perspective to set the basis for a novel classification of the different patterns of spontaneous activity exhibited by dorsal horn neurons. Then we examine the origins of this activity and propose a model circuit to explain how the activity is generated and transmitted to the dorsal horn. Finally, we discuss possible roles of this activity during development and during signal processing under physiological conditions and pain states. By analyzing recent studies on the spontaneous activity of dorsal horn neurons, we aim to shed light on its significance in sensory processing. Understanding the different patterns of activity, the origins of this activity, and the potential roles it may play, will contribute to our knowledge of sensory mechanisms, including pain, to facilitate the modeling of spinal circuits and hopefully to explore novel strategies for pain treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":19954,"journal":{"name":"Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology","volume":" ","pages":"1171-1186"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11271371/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141186206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}