发布求助
文献互助 智能选刊 最新文献

Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications最新文献

筛选
英文 中文
Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Gliquidone in Rat Plasma 高效液相色谱法测定大鼠血浆中格列酮的含量
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736097
S. Sridevi, P. Diwan
{"title":"Validated HPLC Method for the Determination of Gliquidone in Rat Plasma","authors":"S. Sridevi, P. Diwan","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736097","url":null,"abstract":"A HPLC method has been developed for determination of gliquidone in rat plasma. The assay involves combined extraction and precipitation with 1:1 methanol-acetonitrile, and separation of the analyte on a Shimpack ODS (C18) column with 75:25 (v/v) acetonitrile-0.1 M acetic acid as mobile phase. Detection at 229 nm was by photodiode-array detection. The assay was validated in accordance with international requirements and found to be specific, accurate and precise with a linearity range from 50 ng mL−1 to 10μg mL−1. The method was suitable for conducting pharmacokinetic studies in rats.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"15 1","pages":"303-307"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77063208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Stimulation of Ejaculatory Behaviour by the 5‐HT1B Receptor Antagonist Isamoltane in Citalopram‐pretreated Male Rats 5 - HT1B受体拮抗剂异莫烷对西酞普兰预处理雄性大鼠射精行为的刺激作用
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736123
S. Ahlénius, K. Larsson
{"title":"Stimulation of Ejaculatory Behaviour by the 5‐HT1B Receptor Antagonist Isamoltane in Citalopram‐pretreated Male Rats","authors":"S. Ahlénius, K. Larsson","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736123","url":null,"abstract":"It has previously been shown that blocking 5-HT1A receptors unmasks an inhibitory action of the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitor citalopram on male rat ejaculatory behaviour. This paper reports that subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of the selective 5-HT re-uptake inhibitor citalopram (10 mgkg−1) facilitated ejaculatory behaviour in male Wistar rats treated with the 5-HT1B receptor antagonist isamoltane (4 mgkg−1, s.c.), whereas neither citalopram nor isamoltane alone had any effect. It is concluded that citalopram possesses an inhibitory action on male rat ejaculatory behaviour, and that this inhibition normally is balanced by a facilitatory action mediated via 5-HT1A receptors.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"5 1","pages":"317-320"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81742134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Synthesis and Radioprotective Effect of Zinc(II) Complexes with Cysteamine, Cysteine and Mercaptopropionylglycine 锌(II)与半胱胺、半胱氨酸和巯基丙酰甘氨酸配合物的合成及其辐射防护作用
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-07-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736088
Xiaoxin Zhou, S. Phadtare, K. Agrawal, V. Kishore
{"title":"Synthesis and Radioprotective Effect of Zinc(II) Complexes with Cysteamine, Cysteine and Mercaptopropionylglycine","authors":"Xiaoxin Zhou, S. Phadtare, K. Agrawal, V. Kishore","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736088","url":null,"abstract":"Complexes of Zn(II) with radioprotective thiol ligands such as cysteamine, L-cysteine and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine have been synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for cytotoxicity and radioprotective effect. Zn2(N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine)2 when given intraperitoneally at a dose of 14.1 mgkg−1, 30 min before whole-body γ-irradiation (9.0 Gy, 1 Gy min−1), resulted in 68% 30-day survival of CD2F1 mice. This radioprotection was significantly better than that afforded by equimolar doses of ZnCl2 (7%), by N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine (0%), or by a mixture of ZnCl2 and N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)-glycine (0%). Zn(cysteamine)2 and Zn(L-cysteine)2 afforded 14% and 7% survival of CD2F1 mice. These data show that the radioprotective effect of thiols such as N-(2-mercaptopropionyl)glycine can be enhanced by complexation with Zn(II).","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"40 1","pages":"299-302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85717402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Role of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Morphine Rewarding Effects in Mice 大麻素CB1受体在小鼠吗啡奖赏效应中的作用
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128735971
L. Fattore, G. Cossu, M. Mascia, M. Obinu, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, A. Imperato, G. Böhme, W. Fratta
{"title":"Role of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor in Morphine Rewarding Effects in Mice","authors":"L. Fattore, G. Cossu, M. Mascia, M. Obinu, C. Ledent, M. Parmentier, A. Imperato, G. Böhme, W. Fratta","doi":"10.1211/146080800128735971","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735971","url":null,"abstract":"It has been reported that, as well as morphine, the cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 failed to induce intravenous self- administration in mutant CB1 receptor knockout (CB1(-/-)) mice but not in the corresponding wild type (CB1(+/+)) mice. To verify whether this functional interaction responsible for opioid rewarding effects was specific or could also be extended to other drugs of abuse, we have evaluated the ability of cocaine, amphetamine and nicotine to induce intravenous self- administration in both CB1(-/-) and CB1(+/+) mice. The results showed that, contrary to morphine, the other drugs of abuse were intravenously self- administered to the same extent by both wild type and CB1(-/-) mice. This points to a specific role of the CB1 receptor in the opioid motivational and rewarding properties. In addition, since mesolimbic dopamine transmission is known to have a pivotal role in reward mediation, the effect of morphine on limbic dopamine release in CB1(-/-) and CB1(+/+) mice has been investigated and compared with the effect of cocaine. Morphine did not modify dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens of CB1(-/-) mice whereas it dose- dependently stimulated dopamine release in the corresponding CB1(+/+) mice. In contrast, cocaine increased dopamine release in both strains of mice, showing that its effect on dopamine transmission was not linked to the cannabinoid system. Taken together, our results clearly show that the CB1 receptor is essential for the expression of the behavioural and biochemical effects of morphine. This extends previous observations on a functional specific interaction between endogenous cannabinoid and opiate systems in the central mechanisms of reward.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"90 1","pages":"281-285"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89962274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Relationship between Cannabinoid CB1 and Dopamine D2 Receptors in Intestinal Motility in Mice 大麻素CB1与多巴胺D2受体在小鼠肠道运动中的关系
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128735980
M. Carai, R. Agabio, C. Lobina, M. Pani, R. Reali, G. Vacca, G. Colombo, G. Gessa
{"title":"Relationship between Cannabinoid CB1 and Dopamine D2 Receptors in Intestinal Motility in Mice","authors":"M. Carai, R. Agabio, C. Lobina, M. Pani, R. Reali, G. Vacca, G. Colombo, G. Gessa","doi":"10.1211/146080800128735980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735980","url":null,"abstract":"The possible presence of a functional interaction in the constipating effect of opioids and cannabinoids has been assessed. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000We have measured the ability of the opioid receptor antagonist, naloxone, to antagonize the inhibitory effect of the cannabinoid receptor agonist, WIN 55,212-2, and also, the ability of the cannabinoid CB1-receptor antagonist, SR 141716A, to antagonize the inhibitory effect of morphine, on transit of an orally administered, non-absorbable marker (carmine) in the mouse small intestine. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Naloxone failed to alter the reducing effect of WIN 55,212-2 on the propulsive activity; conversely, pretreatment with SR 141716A did not prevent morphine-induced inhibition of marker transit. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These results suggest that the constipating effect of opioids and cannabinoids occur through independent and unrelated mechanisms. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000We assessed also the possible existence of an interaction between CB1 and dopamine D2 receptor systems. The effect of the D2-receptor antagonist, S(-)-sulpiride, on the inhibiting effect of WIN 55,212-2 and of SR 141716A on the inhibiting effect of the D2 agonist, bromocriptine, on intestinal propulsion were assessed. Combination of 50 mg kg−1S(-)-sulpiride and 0.5 mg kg−1 WIN 55,212-2, but not higher doses, resulted in the blockade of WIN 55,212-2 effect; similarly, combination of 0.1 mg kg−1 SR 141716A abolished bromocriptine-induced decrease in intestinal motility. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These results suggest the existence of a functional interaction between the CB1 and D2 receptors in mouse intestinal motility.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"22 4 1","pages":"287-291"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83737886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 4
Regulation of Endocannabinoid Levels under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. A Mini‐review 生理和病理条件下内源性大麻素水平的调节。一个迷你回顾
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736006
V. Marzo
{"title":"Regulation of Endocannabinoid Levels under Physiological and Pathological Conditions. A Mini‐review","authors":"V. Marzo","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736006","url":null,"abstract":"After the discovery of the endogenous ligands of cannabinoid receptors, the “endocannabinoids” anandamide (N-arachidonoyl-ethanolamine) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, several studies have been carried out to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying the regulation of the levels of these compounds in animal tissues. More than one biosynthetic pathway has been proposed for anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, and several routes for the inactivation of these substances have been identified also. Specific inhibitors of anandamide inactivation have been designed. More recently, the levels of these compounds have been correlated to the occurrence of some physiological and pathological situations, such as cell damage, shock, neurological disorders, pain and inflammation, brain development, and drug tolerance. Some of these studies are reviewed briefly here and have led to the proposal of the use of endocannabinoid-derived substances as analgesic and neuroprotective drugs, and to suggest a role for anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol in motor disorders.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"92 3 1","pages":"235-241"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83669520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Interaction between Opioids and Cannabinoids in the Immune System: Functional Evidence in the Rat 阿片类药物和大麻素在大鼠免疫系统中的相互作用:功能证据
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736060
P. Massi, A. Vaccani, D. Parolaro
{"title":"Interaction between Opioids and Cannabinoids in the Immune System: Functional Evidence in the Rat","authors":"P. Massi, A. Vaccani, D. Parolaro","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736060","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabinoids and opioids share several pharmacological properties, including antinociception, hypothermia, sedation, hypotension and inhibition of immune function. It has been demonstrated that chronic morphine treatment in rats produced hypersensitivity to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol analgesia. As a consequence of those results and the fact that drug abusers often use marijuana and morphine concurrently, we have investigated the possibility of functional interaction between opioid and cannabinoid systems at immune level in the rat. We have evaluated splenocyte proliferative response to a mitogen and natural killer cytolytic activity following chronic administration of the synthetic cannabinoid compound CP-55,940, and morphine. \u0000 \u0000A psychotropic dose of CP-55,940 (0.2 mg kg−1, i.p.) significantly inhibited the splenocyte proliferative response to Concanavalin A and natural killer activity. Similar to the effects of CP-55,940, morphine (5 mg kg−1, s.c.) administration was also accompanied by a significant suppression of both parameters. Animals that received daily injection of either CP-55,940 or morphine developed tolerance to their acute immunosuppressive effects. Once tolerance to the suppressive effects of either cannabinoid or morphine was achieved, animals became cross-resistant to the suppressive effect of either drug. \u0000 \u0000These data suggest the possibility that morphine and CP-55,940 have a common underlying mechanism for the suppression of splenocyte proliferation and natural killer activity.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"78 1","pages":"267-271"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90585231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Cannabinoids Regulate δ-Opioid Receptors in NG108-15 Hybrid Cells 大麻素调节NG108-15杂交细胞δ-阿片受体
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128735962
R. Toro, S. Spampinato
{"title":"Cannabinoids Regulate δ-Opioid Receptors in NG108-15 Hybrid Cells","authors":"R. Toro, S. Spampinato","doi":"10.1211/146080800128735962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735962","url":null,"abstract":"We have studied the effects of long-term activation of cannabinoid receptors on opioid receptor desensitization and down-regulation. The mouse neuroblastomaxrat glioma hybridoma NG 108-15 cell line was used as it represents a suitable model expressing both cannabinoid CB1 and δ-opioid receptors linked to Gi proteins. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000Twenty-four-hour exposure of NG 108-15 cells to the cannabinoid agonist WIN 55, 212-2 mesylate (200 nM) reduced opioid receptor binding, evaluated in intact cells, by approximately 50%. Down-regulation of δ-opioid receptors was not observed in cells exposed to pertussis toxin for 24 h. In cells that were exposed to the cannabinoid for 24 h, the ability of the δ-opioid receptor agonist [D-Ser2, Leu5, Thr6]enkephalin to inhibit forskolin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was significantly attenuated. The selective cannabinoid receptor antagonist SR 141716A blocked the effects elicited by WIN 55,212-2 on δ-opioid receptor desensitization and down-regulation. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These data demonstrate the existence, in NG 108-15 cells, of a complex cross-talk between the cannabinoid and opioid receptors.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"178 1","pages":"277-280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80681236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects of the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist, HU 210, on Body Weight and Feeding Behaviour of Rats 大麻素受体激动剂HU 210对大鼠体重和摄食行为的影响
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128736051
D. Giuliani, A. Ottani, F. Ferrari
{"title":"Effects of the Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist, HU 210, on Body Weight and Feeding Behaviour of Rats","authors":"D. Giuliani, A. Ottani, F. Ferrari","doi":"10.1211/146080800128736051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128736051","url":null,"abstract":"We have examined the effect of HU 210, a synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist, on rat body weight and eating behaviour. HU 210 (25, 50 or 100μ kg−1) sub-chronically administered for four days, produced a dose- and time-dependent loss of body weight. At the highest dose the body weight was not regained by the seventh day after the drug was stopped, remaining markedly below that of vehicle-treated animals. Atchuand sub-chronic treatment of fasted rats with HU 210 (50 and 100μ kg−1) significantly inhibited standard food intake; this anorexic effect was still present seven days after the last injection of 100μ kg−1 HU 210. Fasted rats, familiarized with chocolate and acutely treated with HU 210 at 50 or 100μ kg−1 reduced their standard food but not chocolate consumption in a two-choice condition. \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The results showed that HU 210 exerted a potent and long-lasting reduction of body weight, and that it produced a disrupting effect on the consumption of standard food, but not of chocolate.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"1 1","pages":"263-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90937605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Involved in the Regulation of Rat Gastric Acid Secretion 大麻素CB1受体参与大鼠胃酸分泌的调控
Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications Pub Date : 2000-06-01 DOI: 10.1211/146080800128735953
M. Adami, S. Bertini, P. Frati, G. Soldani, G. Coruzzi
{"title":"Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors Are Involved in the Regulation of Rat Gastric Acid Secretion","authors":"M. Adami, S. Bertini, P. Frati, G. Soldani, G. Coruzzi","doi":"10.1211/146080800128735953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1211/146080800128735953","url":null,"abstract":"The effects of cannabinoid CB1 receptor activation (HU-210) and blockade (SR141716A) on gastric acid secretion were determined in anaesthetized rats with lumen perfused stomach. The selective CB1-receptor agonist HU-210 (0.01-0-1 mg kg−1, i.v.) did not affect basal acid secretion while causing inhibition (maximum reduction 74%) of the gastric acid secretion stimulated by pentagastrin (10μ kg−1, i.v.). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000The inhibitory effect of HU-210 was reversed by the selective cannabinoid CB1-receptor antagonist SR141716A (1 mg kg−1, i.v.), but not by the selective CB2-receptor antagonist SR144528 (1 mg kg−1, i.v.). \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000These results suggest that cannabinoid CB1 receptors may mediate inhibitory effects on gastric acid secretion in the rat.","PeriodicalId":19946,"journal":{"name":"Pharmacy and Pharmacology Communications","volume":"8 1","pages":"273-275"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2000-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85148178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
首页 上一页 下一页 尾页
0
×
引用
GB/T 7714-2015
复制
MLA
复制
APA
复制
导出至
BibTeX EndNote RefMan NoteFirst NoteExpress
×
提示
您的信息不完整，为了账户安全，请先补充。
现在去补充
×
提示
您因"违规操作"
具体请查看互助需知
我知道了
×
提示
现在去查看 取消
×
提示
确定
请完成安全验证×
相关产品
×
本文献相关产品
联系我们：info@booksci.cn Book学术提供免费学术资源搜索服务，方便国内外学者检索中英文文献。致力于提供最便捷和优质的服务体验。 Copyright © 2023 布克学术 All rights reserved.
京ICP备2023020795号-1
ghs 京公网安备 11010802042870号
Book学术文献互助
Book学术文献互助群
群 号：481959085
Book学术官方微信